Jan Farauta - Emberiza rutila na mallakar Passeriformes ne.
Alamomin waje na jan oatmeal
Red Bunting karamin tsuntsu ne. A cikin bayyanar, mata masu girma da samari masu yin sihiri da wuya su bambanta. Namiji a cikin kiwan tumbi yana da kirjin kirji mai haske, goiter da baya. Ciki ruwan lemun tsami ne, wannan yanayin halayyar jan oatmeal ne.
Tsawon jikin maza daga 13.7 zuwa 15.5 cm, mata sun ɗan ragu - 13.6-14.8. Fikafikan maza daga 22.6-23.2 cm, a cikin mata - 21.5-22.8. Fuka-fukai a cikin maza suna da tsawon 71-75, a mata 68-70 cm. Nauyin maza ya fi na mata, bi da bi - 17.98 g da 16.5 gram.
An kafa saman fuka-fukan ta farkon gashin tsuntsaye na farko guda uku, waɗanda kusan tsayi ɗaya. Fuka-fukai na huɗu da na biyar sun fi guntu. Sauran fuka-fukan firam na farko a hankali suna karami. Na biyu, na uku, na huɗu na gashin tsuntsaye masu rarrafe ana rarrabe su ta hanyar sanarwa ta gefen gefen fan. Ba a san wutsiyar ba, wanda aka kafa ta gashinsa guda 12.
Launin layin narkar da namijin a kan kansa, da bayansa, da cinyarsa, da makogwaronsa yana da launin kasa-kasa. Babban murfin wutsiyar suna da launi iri ɗaya. Ananan da matsakaiciyar murfin reshe suna da launi iri ɗaya. Ciki rawaya ne. Jiki a gefen yana da launin toka-zaitun mai launuka iri-iri na launin rawaya. Wutsiya da gashin tsuntsaye masu launin ruwan kasa ne. Fuka-fukan fuka-fukai guda uku wadanda suke saman iska suna da jan-fan. Sauran fukafukan fukafukai suna da kunkuntar, kusan gefunan haske marasa ganuwa. Wasu mazan suna da ƙaramin tabo a saman tsaunin. Iris
Abun da ke saman kai da bayan mace ya yi launin ja-ja-ja, tare da ɗan zaitun. Ba sananne ba, za a iya gano tabo mai duhu akan su. Uppertail da loin suna m-kirji. Smallananan mayafai a saman inuwar inuwa mai tsatsa. Fuka-fukan jirgi na biyu da na tsakiya suna da shafuka masu launi-masu laushi. Makogwaro, chin, goiter na haske ocher hue, suna da cututtukan kirji na musamman, waɗanda suka fi yawa a kan goiter. Ciki rawaya ne, launuka masu launin toka-toka sun fito a kirji da kuma karkashinta. Yankunan jiki launin toka ne.
Matasa maza da mata suna kama da juna a cikin launin launi.
Samari ne kaɗai ke da kai da baya tare da murfin gashin tsuntsu mai launin ja. Babu inuwar zaitun. Duhun launuka masu banbanci a fili suke kuma manya. Uppertail da loin suna da launuka masu laushi-kirji; kwarara kan su ba safai ba. Makogwaron fari ne-datti. Goiter yana da rawaya rawaya. Ciki da kirjin rawaya ne masu datti, tare da launuka daban-daban akan kirjin. Wasu mutane suna da tabo iri ɗaya a tsakiya da kuma ɓangarorin jiki. Shafukan yanar gizo na farfajiya na waje masu tsatsa.
Kaji a baya launin ruwan kasa ne mai ɗan kaɗan tare da ɗan zaitun, launuka iri-iri masu duhu ne da ba a gane su. Inashin yana da kirji. Cikin yana datti rawaya. Goiter yana da launin toka-mai dunƙule-mai duhu tare da shanyewar duhu mai duhu. Makogwaron fari ne. Yaran tsuntsaye suna mallakar launi na ƙarshe na ƙarshe kawai a cikin shekara ta uku. Cikakken molt yana faruwa a kaka, Agusta ko Satumba. Kaji wani ɓangare yana narkewa, yayin da ba a musanya gashin gashin da jelarsa.
Yada jan farauta
Ana samun jan farauta a arewacin yankin Amur, a kudancin Gabashin Siberia da arewacin China da Manchuria. Iyakar rarraba jinsunan a arewa maso yamma ta tashi daga Upper Tunguska tare da tsakiyar hanya, sannan ta miƙa gabas zuwa kwarin da Vitim ke gudana a ciki. Red Bunting yana zaune a yankin Nizhne-Angarsk, ana rarraba shi a gabashin gabashin Tafkin Baikal, kuma ba a kiyaye shi a gabar yamma.
Irin wannan nau'ikan farauta yana zaune ne a kan Stanovoy Range, a Tukuringra, tare da babban hanyar Kogin Zeya, a nesa da kilomita 150 kudu da Nelkan. An yiwa iyakar arewacin alama kaɗan zuwa kudu kuma ta isa Udsk. Iyakar gabas tana tafiya zuwa ƙasan Amur.
Red Bunting yana amfani da hunturu a kudancin China. Kuma a cikin Bhutan, Burma, Assam, Tenasserim, Sikkim, Manipur.
Yanayin zama
Jan farauta tsuntsayen ƙaura ne. Ya isa ƙarshen shafukan yanar gizo a cikin Rasha. A cikin yankunan kudancin kewayon:
- ya bayyana a Ing-tsu a ranar 3 ga Mayu,
- a cikin Khingan a ranar 21 - 23 ga Mayu
- a Koriya - Mayu 11,
- a arewa maso gabashin lardin Zhili kuma a cikin Mayu.
A lokacin bazara, tsuntsaye suna tashi a kananan garken tumaki, wadanda suka kunshi mutane biyu zuwa biyar, maza da mata suna ware daban. A kan ƙaura, jan buntings yana ciyarwa a cikin ƙananan bishiyoyi, ziyarci lambunan kayan lambu da filayen kusa da ƙauyuka da garuruwa.
A lokacin kaka, jan buntings baya yin ƙaura nan da nan tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, kodayake jirgin yana farawa da wuri, amma yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci. Suna tashi a ƙarshen Yuli da kuma cikin watan Satumba. Ana lura da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a ƙarshen watan Agusta kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. A lokacin kaka, jan buntings yana yin manyan gungu na mutane 20 ko sama da haka. Jirgin ya ƙare gaba ɗaya a cikin yankunan arewa a watan Oktoba.
Gidajen jan farauta
Red Bunting yana zaune a cikin yankuna marasa gandun daji. Ya fi so ya zauna a cikin manyan gandun daji. A lokacin nesting, yana zaune a gefen gandun daji na farin ciki a kan tuddai, tare da alder, birch da kuma bishiyoyin bishiyar rosemary mai rarrafe tare da ciyawar ciyayi mai yawa. Ana samun jan farauta a cikin ƙaramin gandun daji na tsaunuka tare da tsayayyun gandun daji, amma tare da wadataccen murfin ciyawar.
Sake haifuwa da jan oatmeal
Red Buntings suna yin nau'i-nau'i nan da nan bayan isowa. Maza suna raira waƙa da yawa a safe a wurin da aka zaɓa na gida, suna sanar da mata da safe. Gida yana kan kasa a karkashin bishiyar lingonberry, Rosemary daji, shuda, a tsakanin tarin tarkacen shuka. Babban kayan gini shine ciyawar busassun busassun ciyawa. Tushen Lingon kamar na lingonberry yana aiki azaman rufi. Tirin yana da faɗin cm 6.2 kuma zurfin ya kai cm 4.7. Girman sa ya kai cm 10.8. Daga sama, an ɗan rufe ginin da ɗanɗano da ganyen Rosemary.
Yawancin lokaci yawanci akwai ƙwai 4 a cikin kama, wanda aka rufe shi da harsashi mai walƙiya na sautin launin toka-mai-shuɗi tare da 'yan kaɗan.
Bambance bambancen launuka iri ɗaya ne. Akwai madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar launuka masu launin ja-launuka masu launin ruwan kasa, sannan na waje - masu launin ruwan kasa da baƙi, a cikin sifofin curls. Yawancin wuraren ana tara su a cikin hanyar corolla a ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙwai. Girman kwai: 18.4 x14.4. Hanyoyi biyu zasu yiwu yayin bazara. Ba a fahimci lokacin kiwo ba sosai. Mafi yawan lokuta mace na zama akan gida, wataƙila, namiji ya maye gurbinta na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Cin jan oatmeal
Buntings tsuntsayen kwari ne. Suna farautar kwari, suna cin larvae. Suna cin tsaba. A lokacin rani, suna cin can ƙananan kwari masu tsayi 8-12 mm tsayi, waɗanda aka tattara akan bishiyoyi.
