Oscar Astronotus (Latin Astronotus ocellatus, Ingilishi Oscar), ko kuma kamar yadda ake kira Tiger Astronotus da Oscar, babban cichlid ne mai haske da haske daga Kudancin Amurka. Baya ga girma da launi, ana kuma nuna shi azaman kifi mai hankali da ban sha'awa.
Wannan kifin, yana da kyau a lokacin samartaka, yana girma da sauri zuwa girman girmansa (har zuwa 35 cm) kuma babu makawa yana jan hankalin kowane masanin ruwa.
Wannan yana daga cikin kifin, wanda zamu iya cewa yana da tunani da kuma halin sa, yana gane mai shi.
Oscar zai kalle ka yayin da kake kasuwanci a cikin daki, kuma za ka ga cewa ya fi shi sane fiye da sauran kananan cichlids.
Wasu ma suna ba da damar shafawa, kamar kuliyoyin gida, kuma su more shi. Da kyau, ciyar da hannu ba matsala, amma kuma yana iya ciji.
Kodayake nau'in daji har yanzu sananne ne kuma ana samun sa a ko'ina, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an haɓaka nau'ikan launuka iri iri masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suke daidai da mashahuri.
Dukansu kyawawa ne, amma ta hanya ta musamman jan Oscar kifi ne mai jiki mai duhu wanda akwai jajaje ko lemuka a kai.
Ban da shi, akwai kuma damisa, zabiya (gaba daya fari-fari ko mai jajaye), marmara, har ma da siffofin mayafi.
Amma, duk waɗannan nau'ikan a haƙiƙa suna gama gari ne, kamannin gargajiya. A wajen kiyaye su da kiwo, duk sun yi kama, sai dai wasu nau'ikan halittu sun fi bukata kuma sun kamu da cuta.
Sa'ar al'amarin shine a gare mu, Astronotus ba kifi bane mai buƙatar gaske, har ma ma masu farawa zasu iya samun nasarar kiyaye su. nuance guda daya yana sanya su matsala - girman.
Suna girma cikin sauri kuma yayin aiwatarwa suna cin duk kifin da yake da ƙarancin girma. Kamar kowane babban, cichlids masu farauta, yakamata a adana taurari a cikin akwatin ruwa na lita 400 ko fiye, kuma zai fi dacewa shi kaɗai.
Rayuwa a cikin yanayi
An fara bayyana Astronotus a cikin 1831. Homelandasarsu tana cikin Kudancin Amurka: a cikin Kogin Amazon, a cikin Kogin Parana, Rio Paraguay, Rio Negro.
Zata kawo shi China, Australia, Florida, inda cikin hanzari ya saba kuma ya fara lalata halittun gida. A cikin kewayon ta na asali, ana ɗaukarsa kifi ne na kasuwanci, wanda ƙimar sa ke da daraja sosai.
A dabi'a, yana rayuwa a cikin halittu daban-daban, duka a cikin manyan rafuka da cikin magudanan ruwa, tafkuna, tafkuna tare da ƙasa mai laka ko yashi. Tana ciyar da kifi, kifin kifi, tsutsotsi da kwari.
Bayani
Kifin yana da jiki mai ƙarfi, mai siffa mai fasali tare da kai mai ƙarfi, da kuma manyan lebban nama. A dabi'a, zasu iya kaiwa 35 cm tsayi, amma a cikin akwatin kifaye suna ƙanana, kusan 20-25 cm. Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, suna rayuwa shekaru 10 ko sama da haka.
Mutanen da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi yawanci launuka ne masu laushi, launuka masu duhu tare da ɗigon ruwan lemo a kan rafin da baya. Fushin caudal yana da babban tabo baƙar fata, mai kaushi da lemu, wanda suka sami sunan su - an soke shi.
Dukansu nau'ikan daji da wadanda mutane ke kiwata sun shahara da ikon canza launi da sauri cikin damuwa, yayin faɗa ko kare yanki.
Yaran yara sun bambanta da iyayensu a launi, suna da duhu tare da fararen tabo a jiki. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, akwai nau'ikan launuka daban-daban: ja, brindle, albino, marmara.
Wahala cikin abun ciki
Kodayake Astronotus kifi ne mai kayatarwa kuma mai saukin kiyayewa, yana da mahimmanci kar a yaudare shi da girmanshi a lokacin yarinta, da kuma halin salama.
Ana sayar da yawancin oscars a kusan girman cm 3 kuma ana ajiye su a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da sauran kifin a wannan lokacin. Koyaya, kar a yaudare ku da siyan wa kanku Astronotus don raba ku, akwatin kifaye na lita 100!
Yana girma cikin sauri, don ci gaban al'ada yana buƙatar adadin akwatin kifaye na lita 400, kuma yana da tsada sosai don ciyar dashi.
Bugu da kari, kifi ne mai farauta wanda dole ne a ajiye shi nau'i-nau'i a cikin tanki daban ko tare da manyan makwabta a cikin babban tanki mai girma.
Amma, kada ku damu. Idan kun tabbatar da cewa irin wannan kifin kuke so, to kiyaye su abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma a cikin dawowa zaku sami kifi mai kyau, mai wayo kuma kusan ya shaƙu.
Ciyarwa
A dabi'a, waɗannan kifin suna da komai, suna cin abinci iri-iri, gami da: kwari, larvae, zooplankton, shuke-shuke da algae, kifi, invertebrates da amphibians.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, waɗannan kifaye ne masu ban sha'awa ƙwarai yayin ciyarwa, kodayake an fi so a basu abincin dabbobi.
Zai fi kyau a ciyar da abinci mai ingancin wucin gadi don manyan cichlids - pellets, granules, tablet. Abin farin ciki, akwai zaɓi mai yawa daga cikinsu yanzu, daga Sinanci zuwa masana'antar Turai. Allyari, ba da abinci mai sanyi ko daskararre.
Suna son ƙwarin ƙasa da masu rarrafe, amma kuma suna cin kwarkwata, jatan lande, kifin kifin, naman mussel, tadabobi, ciyawar ciyawa da sauran manyan abinci.
A dabi'a, suna basu kifi, misali guppies ko wutsiyoyi, amma wannan zai fi kyau idan kawai kuna da tabbacin cewa kifin yana da lafiya kuma ba zai kawo cuta ba.
Astronotuses kifi ne mai haɗama da rashin abinci, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci kar a mamaye su, in ba haka ba cuta da mutuwa suna yiwuwa.
A wani lokaci, ana ciyar da cichlids da naman dabbobi, amma yanzu ya kamata a guji wannan. Gaskiyar ita ce saboda yawan furotin da kitse a cikin irin wannan naman, kifin baya narke shi, wanda ke haifar da kiba da lalacewar gabobin ciki.
Zai fi kyau a ciyar da zuciyar naman sa sau ɗaya a mako, don kar a cika kifin da shi.
Kulawa da kulawa a cikin akwatin kifaye
Kula da Taurarin taurari yana da sauƙi, idan har kun wadatar da su da tsaftataccen ruwa.
Aquarium shine rufaffiyar tsari kuma komai girmansa, har yanzu yana buƙatar tsaftacewa da kulawa. Yawancin lokaci, matakin ammoniya da nitrates a cikin ruwa ya hau, kifin yana da guba sannu a hankali.
Tunda suna da matukar damuwa game da guba ta waɗannan abubuwan, yana da mahimmanci a canza kusan 20% na ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye mako-mako kuma siphon ƙasa.
Ragowar abincin fodder suna tarawa a cikin ƙasa, suna ruɓewa kuma galibi saboda wannan, mafi yawan matsaloli tare da kulawa.
Ka tuna cewa kifin ya ɓata lokacin cin abinci, ragowar abincin ya bazu a kowane bangare. Misali, sun tofa wasu sassan kifin, kodayake suna cin allunan iri ɗaya kusan.
Don haka idan kuna ba da abinci kamar su kifin mai rai, to ku ɓata ƙasa kuma ku sauya ruwan sau da yawa.
Yaran yara za su zauna cikin nutsuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye na lita 100, amma lokacin da suka zama manya, za su buƙaci lita 400 ko sama da haka.
Idan kun shirya kiyaye ma'aurata don kiwo, har ma da wasu manyan kifaye, tuni kuna buƙatar tanki mafi girma don rage yawan faɗa.
Astronotuses suna son ruwa tare da babban abun ciki na oxygen, amma basa son kwarara, don haka ko dai suyi amfani da iska ko kuma samar da ruwa daga matatar mai waje ta hanyar sarewa da ke saman saman ruwan.
Tunda kifayen suna da girma kuma suna aiki sosai, tabbatar cewa an saka kayan aiki da kayan adonsu cikin aminci, kuma sun fi kariya sosai. Zai fi kyau a rufe masu zafi da manyan duwatsu ko wasu kayan ado. Oscars na iya yin wasa da kayan ado, suna kai masa hari, amma saboda girmansu yana iya ƙare da kyau ga kayan ado.
Idan kifinku yana da saukin wannan halin, to kuna iya yaudarar su ta hanyar jefa wani abu wanda zai dauke hankalin su daga kayan aikin.
Soilasa mafi kyau don amfani ita ce yashi, wanda suke son tonowa. Ba a buƙatar tsire-tsire, ko dai za a haƙa ko a ci. Koyaya, zaku iya ƙoƙarin dasa nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙwayoyi a cikin tukwane, kamar su anubias.
Kuma ee, idan kuna tunanin ƙirƙirar wani nau'in zane a cikin akwatin kifaye don komai yayi kyau, to ku tuna - babban abin a cikin akwatin kifaye ba ku bane, amma Oscar ne. Astronotuses zasu tono tare da canza wurin duk abin da suka ga dama.
Yana da kyau sosai a rufe akwatin kifaye, saboda haka zaku guji yin feshin lokacin ciyarwa kuma kifinku ba zai yi tsalle ba.
- Zazzabin ruwa - 22-26C
- acidity ph: 6.5-7.5
- taurin ruwa - har zuwa 23 °
Karfinsu
Astronotuses kwata-kwata basu dace da rarar ruwa ba (komai abin da mai siyarwa ya faɗi). Kodayake ba za a iya kiran su mai tsananin tashin hankali ga sauran manyan kifaye ba, amma har yanzu suna masu farauta kuma za su ci kifin da za su iya haɗiye shi.
Zai fi kyau a ajiye su nau'i-nau'i, a cikin akwatin kifaye daban. Amma, sun dace da sauran manyan kifaye, akwatin kifaye kawai zai buƙaci ƙari don wannan.
Masanan ruwa masu ruwa da ruwa suna kiyaye taurarin taurari tare da arowans, baƙar fatar baƙi, cichlazomas mai ratsi-ratsi takwas, Managuan cichlazomas, manyan plekostomuses da aku cichlids. Koyaya, da yawa ya dogara da halayen kuma ba sa jituwa da su duka.
Suna son tonowa da tono shuke-shuke, kuma suna iya yin wasa da kayan ado ko kayan aiki. Bugu da kari, suna nuna mafi girman wayewa fiye da sauran cichlids.
Don haka suna gane mai shi, suna bin sa a ƙetaren ɗakin, suna mai da martani ga muryar maigidan, suna ba da izinin shafawa da ciyarwa daga hannunsu.
Bambancin jima'i
Bambance mace da namiji yana da matukar wahala. Tabbatarwa, kawai a lokacin ɓarna, idan mace tana da ovipositor.
Masu kiwo galibi suna sayan samari goma sha biyu kuma suna haɓaka su tare, don haka zaɓi kifin biyu don kansu. An yi imanin cewa mace ta fi ta maza girma, amma wannan alama ce ta dangi.
Bambancin na gaske shine ovipositor wanda take yin kwai dashi. Amma, ya zama mummunan da'irar - tunda ta bayyana ne kawai a lokacin ɓarna.
Sake haifuwa
Sun balaga a cikin girman 10-12 cm Astronotuses suna da asali, a ƙa'ida, a cikin akwatin kifayen da suke zaune. Wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar wasu matsugunai da sanya manyan duwatsu masu shimfiɗa waɗanda suke yin ƙwai a kai.
A lokacin zawarci, ma'auratan sukan debi dutse su goge a hankali. Caviar fari ne, ba shi da kyau, kuma yana iya canza launi tsakanin awanni 24 bayan da aka fara juyawa.
Iyaye suna kula da soya, amma da zaran sun fara iyo da kansu, ana iya cire su daga iyayensu. Soya suna da yawa, mai yiwuwa. Za a iya ciyar da soya da Cyclops da Artemia nauplii.
Amma kafin fara kiwo, yi tunani a hankali. Babbar mace na iya yin ƙwai har zuwa 2000, toya yana da ƙarfi kuma yana girma sosai.
Wannan yana nufin cewa kuna buƙatar ciyarwa da kulawa da shi koyaushe. A lokaci guda, sayarwa ko rarraba soya ba abu ne mai sauki ba.
Bukatar su karami ce, kuma tayin ba shi da girma.
