Melanochromis Yohani (Latin Melanochromis johannii, tsohuwar Pseudotropheus johannii) sanannen cichlid ne na Tafkin Malawi, amma a lokaci guda mai tsananin tashin hankali.
Launin na mata da na mace yana da haske sosai, amma ya bambanta da juna cewa da alama jinsin kifaye biyu ne daban-daban. Maza masu duhun shuɗi ne tare da wuta, ratsi masu tsaka-tsaka tsaka-tsaka, yayin da mata kuma rawaya ne mai haske.
Dukansu maza da mata suna da kyau kuma suna aiki, wanda hakan yasa suke da matukar so a cikin tankin cichlid. Koyaya, ajiye tare da sauran kifin ba abu bane mai sauki, tunda suna da zafin rai kuma suna da lalata.
Rayuwa a cikin yanayi
Melanochromis Yohani an bayyana shi a cikin 1973. Wani nau'ine ne na tabkin Malawi a Afirka wanda ke rayuwa cikin zurfin kusan mita 5, a yankunan da ke da dutse ko ƙasa mai yashi.
Kifi yana da rikici da yanki, yana kare wuraren ɓoye daga maƙwabta.
Suna ciyar da abincin zooplankton, benthos daban-daban, kwari, kayan kwalliya, kananan kifi da soya.
Ya kasance ga ƙungiyar cichlids da ake kira mbuna. Akwai nau'ikan 13 a ciki kuma duk sun bambanta cikin aiki da ta'adi. Kalmar Mbuna daga yaren Tonga ce kuma tana nufin "kifin da ke rayuwa cikin duwatsu". Ya bayyana halaye na Yohani waɗanda suka fi son ƙasa mai duwatsu, sabanin sauran rukuni (agwagwa), waɗanda ke zaune a cikin sararin samaniya tare da ƙasan rairayi.
Bayani
Yohani yana da jiki mai siffa irin na cichlids na Afirka, tare da kai da zagaye da kuma fika-fikai mai tsawo.
A dabi'a, suna girma zuwa 8 cm, kodayake a cikin akwatinan ruwa suna da girma, har zuwa cm 10. Tsammani na rayuwa kusan shekaru 10 ne.
Wahala cikin abun ciki
Kifi don ƙwararrun masanan ruwa, saboda yana da matukar buƙata dangane da kiyaye yanayi da tashin hankali. Don kiyaye Yohani melanochromis a cikin akwatin kifaye, kuna buƙatar zaɓar maƙwabta masu kyau, sa ido kan sigogin ruwa kuma a tsabtace akwatin kifaye a kai a kai.
Ciyarwa
Mai yawa, a yanayi suna ciyar da benthos daban-daban: kwari, katantanwa, ƙananan ɓawon burodi, soya da algae.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, suna cin abinci mai rai da kuma daskararre: tubifex, dorinar jini, ruwan jatan lande. Ana iya ciyar dasu da abinci na wucin gadi don cichlids na Afirka, zai fi dacewa da spirulina ko wasu ƙwayoyin fiber.
Bugu da ƙari, babban abun cikin fiber a cikin abinci yana da mahimmanci, tunda a yanayi suna ciyar da galibi akan abincin shuke-shuke.
Tunda suna da saurin cin abinci, zai fi kyau a raba abincin sau biyu ko uku sannan a ciyar da su tsawon yini.
Adana cikin akwatin kifaye
Don kulawa, kuna buƙatar babban akwatin kifaye (daga lita 100), zai fi dacewa tsawon lokaci. A cikin tanki mafi girma, zaka iya ajiye Yohani melanochromis tare da sauran cichlids.
Kayan ado da kayan kwalliya iri iri ne ga mazaunan Malawi - ƙasa mai yashi, duwatsu, dutsen yashi, itacen busasshe da rashin shuke-shuke. Ba za a iya dasa shukoki kawai ba, kamar su anubias, amma yana da kyau su girma cikin tukwane ko duwatsu, tunda kifi na iya tono shi.
Yana da mahimmanci kifayen suna da wuraren ɓoye da yawa don rage tashin hankali da rikici a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Ruwan da ke cikin Tafkin Malawi yana ɗauke da adadin narkar da gishirin kuma yana da wuya sosai. Dole ne a ƙirƙiri irin waɗannan sifofin a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Wannan matsala ce idan yankinku yayi laushi, sannan kuna buƙatar ƙara kwakwalwan murjani a cikin ƙasa ko yin wani abu don ƙara taurin.
Sigogi don abun ciki: ph: 7.7-8.6, 6-10 dGH, zazzabi 23-28C.
Karfinsu
Kifi mai tsananin tashin hankali, kuma baza'a iya ajiye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa ba. Mafi kyawun kiyayewa a cikin tankin nau'in, a cikin rukuni na ɗa namiji da mata da yawa.
Maza biyu za su yi aiki tare kawai a cikin akwatin kif ɗin sararin samaniya mai yawa tare da wuraren ɓoye da yawa. Kodayake sun fi sauran melanochromis nutsuwa, amma har yanzu suna iya zama masu zafin rai game da kifin da ya yi kama da surar jiki ko launi. Kuma, ba shakka, ga irin su.
Hakanan yana da kyau a guji sauran melanochromis, kamar yadda suma zasu iya haɗuwa da su.
Bambancin jima'i
Maza masu launin shuɗi ne tare da ratsi masu duhu a kwance. Mata ruwan lemu ne na zinare.
Kiwo
Melanochromis Yohani suna da aure fiye da daya, Namiji yana rayuwa tare da mata da yawa.Sun haifa a cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa, Namiji ya shirya gida a cikin masaukin.
Yayin da ake haihuwa, mace tana yin kwai 10 zuwa 60 kuma tana shigar dasu cikin bakinta kafin su hadu. Namiji, a gefe guda, yana lanƙwasa ƙusoshin jikinsa ta yadda mace za ta ga tabo a kanta waɗanda suke kama da ƙwai a launi da fasali.
Ta kuma yi ƙoƙari ta shigar da shi a cikin bakinta, kuma ta haka ne, yana motsa namiji, wanda ke fitar da girgije na madara, yana sa ƙwai a bakin mace.
Mace tana ɗaukar ƙwai na makonni biyu zuwa uku, ya danganta da yanayin zafin ruwan. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, mace tana kula da soya na ɗan wani lokaci, tana ɗauke su a cikin bakinta idan akwai haɗari.
Idan akwatin kifaye yana da duwatsu da mafaka da yawa, to soyayyar tana iya samun ƙuntataccen rami da zai basu damar rayuwa.
Za'a iya ciyar dasu da abinci yankakke don cichlids na manya, shrimp brine da brine shrimp nauplii.
