Berayen beran ko beran Prague (Czech Pražský krysařík, Turanci Prague Ratter) ƙananan kare ne, asalinsu daga Jamhuriyar Czech. Dangane da ma'aunin jinsin, ana ɗaukarsa mafi ƙanƙan kare a duniya, ya bambanta da na Chihuahua, wanda ba ya bayyana tsayinsa a bushe, nauyi ne kawai.
Tarihin irin
Wataƙila berayen berayen Prague sune mafi tsufa a cikin Czech Republic. An ambata a cikin tsoffin tushe. Sunan nau'in ya fito ne daga Bajamushe "die Ratte" (bera) kuma yana nuna maƙasudin nau'in - masu kama da bera.
Duk da cewa wasu daga cikin berayen sun ci gaba da jan hankalin mafarautan har yau, ba wanda ya yi amfani da su a matsayin mai kashe kwari.
Bugu da ƙari, waɗancan berayen da muka sani a yau sun fi ƙarfin berayen Zamani. Hatta magabatan berayen ba za su iya jurewa da su ba, tunda wannan bera ne mai launin toka ko pasyuk (lat.Rattus norvegicus), sannan kuma bakar bera (lat.Rattus rattus) ya rayu a tsakiyar Turai.
Bakar beran na zaune ne a cikin rumbuna, inda ba kawai cin hatsi ba, har ma da sanya shi bai dace da abinci ba, ya sanya masa guba da sharar sa. Bugu da ƙari, sun kasance masu ɗauke da annoba, ɓarkewar cutar wanda ya lalata biranen duka a Tsakanin Zamani.
Kuliyoyi a waccan zamanin ba su da yawa, kuma halin da ake bi da su ba kamar na zamani ba ne. Saboda haka, mutanen gari sun yi amfani da karnuka a matsayin masu kamun bera. Misali, kusan dukkan masanan wancan lokacin suna tsunduma ne a cikin makircin beraye. In ba haka ba, ba a kiyaye kare kawai, dole ne ya fitar da kowane burodi.
A cikin yankin Jamhuriyar Czech ta yau, mayaƙa ne suka yi wannan. Ba mu san takamaiman yadda suke yi a lokacin ba, wataƙila sun yi kama da karnukan zamani. Koda kwanan wata abin dogara na bayyanar nau'in yana da wahalar faɗi. Amma, a lokacin fitowar da kuma shaharar kuliyoyi a Turai (kusan ƙarni na 15), beraye sun riga sun yi wa mutane aiki har kusan shekaru 800.
Dangane da tarihin, sun kasance shiru, masu aiki, karnuka masu saukin kai. A cikin gida-gida da kankara an kiyaye su tare da wasu karnukan: hound, greyhound. Don haka beraye dole ne su koyi yadda za su sasanta, in ba haka ba da ba za su rayu cikin rikice-rikice ba.
An fara ambaton irin a tarihin Einhard (770-840), masanin kimiyyar Faransanci kuma masanin tarihi. Ya bayyana su a matsayin kyauta daga yariman Czech Lech. Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa Lech wataƙila ba suna bane, amma adireshin girmamawa ga mai martaba. Yariman ya gabatar da jarumawan a matsayin kyauta ga Sarki Charles na Farko.
Majiyoyin Yaren mutanen Poland sun ambaci wasu karnuka biyu na asalin Czech waɗanda suka rayu tare da Sarki Boleslav the Bold. Marubucin mafi tarihin tarihin Poland, Gall Anonymous, ya rubuta cewa Boleslav ya girmama waɗannan karnukan, amma yana magana game da su a matsayin baƙon, jinsin Czech.
Completearin cikakkun bayanai ya bayyana nan gaba, a cikin asalin Faransa. Jules Michelet ya bayyana su a cikin littafinsa Histoire de France. Karnuka uku suka bayar da gudummawa daga sarkin Czech Charles IV, Bafaranshe Charles V. Ba a san abin da ya faru da kare na uku ba, amma ɗan Charles VI ya gaji biyu.
Dangane da mahimmancin ma'anarta, nau'in ya sami damar tsira daga karuwar Zamani, ya samu gindin zama tsakanin talakawan. Ta hanyar Renaissance, har yanzu tana nan, ƙari ma, ta ƙaura daga manyan gidaje zuwa fadoji. Maimakon a ambace su a cikin tarihin, a yanzu ana nuna shugabannin yaƙi a cikin hotuna azaman abokan tarayya.
A cikin karni na 19, sha'awar nau'in ya fadi a bayan asalin mashahurin Miniature Pinschers. Yakin Duniya na Farko da na Biyu daga ƙarshe ya lalata sha'awar nau'in. Masana kimiyyar kimiyyar sararin samaniya T. Rotter da O. Karlik sun yi ƙoƙarin rayar da irin, amma Jamhuriyar Czech tana ƙarƙashin mulkin Soviet kuma littattafan garken sun ɓace.
Tarurrukan jinsin ya fara ne a cikin mahaifarsa a 1980, amma har zuwa farkon karni na gaba ba a san shi ba a wajen kasar. A yau ba a yi mata barazana ba, amma yawan mutanen ba su da yawa.
Akwai kusan karnuka 6,000, tare da nau'in har yanzu FCI bai gane shi ba. Masu ba da bera sun fi shahara a ƙasarsu da kuma ƙasashen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet.
Bayani
Suna yawan rikicewa tare da Chihuahuas ko Pananan Pinschers. Suna da karimci, karnukan fata, masu doguwar sirara da sirara da doguwar wuya. Jiki gajere ne, kusan murabba'i ne. Wutsiya madaidaiciya. Kan yana da kyau, mai kamannin pear, tare da duhu, fitattun idanu.
Muzzle gajere ne, tare da tsayawa na musamman. A bushe, sun kai 20-23 cm, nauyi daga 1.5 zuwa 3.6 kilogiram, amma yawanci suna da nauyin kilogram 2.6.
Wani fasali na nau'in shine launinsa: baƙar fata da fari ko launin ruwan kasa da launin fata, tare da tabo a fuska, kirji da ƙafafu. Riga tana sheki, gajere, kusa da jiki.
Hali
Berayen Prague sun rayu kusa da mutane kusan shekara 1000. Kuma idan ba su kasance masu ban dariya ba, masu aiki da masu daɗi, da wuya su yi nasara.
Waɗannan ƙananan karnukan suna da zurfin kawance ga masu su, amma a lokaci guda suna da halayen su. Suna son wasanni, aiki, kasancewa tare da mutane kuma basa son nishaɗi da kaɗaici.
Duk da matsakaiciyar girma, ana koyan umarni daidai kuma ana aiwatar da kwasa-kwasan horo ba tare da matsala ba. Masu biyayya ne, masu nuna soyayya, kulawa da yabo. Za'a iya ba da shawarar don sabbin masu kiwon kare, saboda babu matsaloli game da mamayar, ta'adi ko yanki.
Kari akan haka, da alama ana kirkirar krysariki don zama a cikin gida. A gefe guda, sun kasance ƙananan, a gefe guda, ba sa buƙatar yawancin motsa jiki.
Babban ƙari don ajiyewa a cikin ɗaki zai kasance suna da nutsuwa sosai. Don ƙananan ƙananan karnuka, wannan ba wani abu bane wanda ba al'ada bane, amma kusan bazai yiwu ba.
Daga cikin minuses, zasu iya wahala daga ƙananan cututtukan kare. Amma, wannan ba laifin su bane, amma masu su da basu fahimci cewa kare ba yaro bane. Kari akan haka, dabi'un dabi'ar farauta irin na jinsin basu gama bacewa ba kuma karnuka suna bin mahaukata, hamsters, beraye da beraye.
Kulawa
Mafi sauƙi, ƙarami. Kare yana da gashi madaidaiciya, wanda yake da sauƙin kulawa da ƙarami karami. Ya kamata a ba da hankali musamman ga kunnuwa, waɗanda aka tsara don ba da izinin ƙazanta da baƙin abubuwa su shiga.
Lafiya
Tsammani na rayuwa ya kai shekaru 12-14. Ba sa fama da cututtuka na musamman, amma saboda ƙarirsu suna da saukin karaya da raunin ido.
