Arctic tundra wani nau'in yanayi ne na musamman, wanda yake da tsananin sanyi da yanayi mai tsananin gaske. Amma, kamar yadda yake a wasu yankuna, wakilai daban-daban na duniyar dabbobi da tsirrai suna zaune a can, sun dace da yanayin rayuwa mara kyau.
Arctic tundra bashi da talauci sosai a cikin ciyayi. Ya mamaye tsananin sanyi, permafrost, ya kai zurfin 50-90 cm. Koyaya, dwarf shrubs, iri daban-daban na gansakuka, lichen da ciyawa suna gama gari a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna. Bishiyoyi masu yaɗa tushen ba sa rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin.
Arctic tundra sauyin yanayi
Yankin arctic tundra yana cikin arewacin duniya. Babban fasalin yankin shine rufin dusar ƙanƙan ƙasar. Daren dare a cikin tundra ya ɗauki tsawon watanni. Yankin da ke cikin mummunan yanayi yana da iska mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya kaiwa 100 km / h kuma ƙasa ta tsage daga sanyi. Hoton yayi kama da hamada mai dusar ƙanƙara, loam mara kyau, wanda aka yashe da kufai. Wasu lokuta ƙananan ratsi na kore suna fasa cikin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran tundra mai tabo.
A lokacin hunturu, yanayin zafin cikin Arctic tundra ya kai -50 digiri, matsakaita shine -28 digiri. Duk ruwan da ke wurin yana daskarewa kuma saboda dusar dusar kankara, har lokacin bazara, ba za a iya sha ruwan a cikin ƙasa ba. A sakamakon haka, kasar ta zama fadama, kuma tabkuna na iya samarwa a samansa. A lokacin rani, tundra yana karɓar adadi mai yawa, wanda zai iya kaiwa 25 cm.
Saboda irin wannan yanayi mara kyau, mutane ba sa nuna sha'awar zama a wannan yankin. Aan asalin arewa ne kawai zai iya jurewa da mawuyacin yanayin.
Flora da fauna
Yankin tundra ba shi da gandun daji. Yankin ya mamaye yankin ta hanyar ƙaramin murfin gansakuka, wanda "ya narke" ta yankunan dausayi. Wannan yanki yana da kusan nau'ikan shuke-shuke 1680, wanda kusan 200-300 ke fure, sauran su mosses da lichens. Mafi yawan tsire-tsire na tundra sune blueberries, lingonberries, Cloudberries, prince, loydia late, albasa, frying pan, ciyawar auduga ta farji da sauransu.
Blueberry
Lingonberry
Cloudberry
Gimbiya
Loydia a makare
Farji Fulawa
Daya daga cikin shahararrun shrubs na arctic tundra shine arctoalpine. Kusa da kudu, ana iya samun birch dwarf, sedges har ma da dryads.
Fauna na tundra ba shi da yawa. Kawai nau'ikan halittu 49 ne ke rayuwa a nan, gami da tsuntsaye masu ruwa da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Aikin kamun kifi da na dabba ya bunkasa a wannan yankin. Mafi shahararrun wakilan duniyar dabbobi sune agwagi, loons, geese, lemmings, partridges, larks, arctic foxes, hare, ermines, weasels, foxes, reindeer da Wolves. Ba shi yiwuwa a samu dabbobi masu rarrafe, tunda ba su rayuwa cikin irin wannan mummunan yanayin ba. Ana samun kwaɗi kusa da kudu. Salmonids sanannen kifi ne.
Yin lemo
Hadin kai
Arctic fox
Kurege
Ermine
Weasel
Fox
Reindeer
Wolf
Daga cikin kwari na tundra, sauro, bumblebees, butterflies da springtails sun bambanta. Permafrost ba ya ba da gudummawa ga haifuwar dabbobi da haɓaka bambancin dabbobi. A cikin Arctic tundra, kusan babu kwayoyin halittar bacci da dabbobi masu kiwo.
Ma'adanai
Yankin Arctic tundra yana da mahimmancin albarkatun ƙasa. Anan zaku iya samun ma'adanai kamar su mai da uranium, ragowar mammoth mai ulu, da baƙin ƙarfe da albarkatun ma'adinai.
A yau, batun dumamar yanayi da tasirin Arctic tundra kan yanayin muhalli a duniya yana da wuya. Sakamakon dumamar yanayi, dusar kankara ta fara narkewa da iskar carbon dioxide da methane sun shiga sararin samaniya. Saurin canjin yanayi ba karamin tasirin tasirin ɗan adam bane.
