Hannun Duniya shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren duniyarmu, tunda a nan ne yawancin abubuwan ke tattare. Ya fi sauran kayan kauri da kauri, kuma, a zahiri, yana ɗaukar mafi yawan sararin - kusan 80%. Masana kimiyya sun sadaukar da mafi yawan lokutansu ga nazarin wannan yanki na duniya.
Tsarin
Masana kimiyya suna iya yin hasashe ne kawai game da tsarin alkyabbar, tun da babu wasu hanyoyin da za su amsa wannan tambayar babu shakka. Amma, karatun da aka yi ya sa ya yiwu a ɗauka cewa wannan ɓangaren duniyarmu ta ƙunshi waɗannan matakan:
- na farko, na waje - yana zaune daga kilomita 30 zuwa 400 na doron ƙasa;
- yankin sauyawa, wanda yake nan da nan bayan bayan shimfidar waje - bisa ga zaton masana kimiyya, ya zurfafa zuwa kusan kilomita 250;
- kasan kasan shine mafi tsayi, kusan kilomita 2900. Yana farawa ne kawai bayan yankin miƙa mulki kuma yana tafiya kai tsaye zuwa ainihin.
Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin rigar duniyar akwai irin duwatsun da basa cikin ɓawon ƙasa.
Abinda ke ciki
Ya tafi ba tare da faɗi cewa ba shi yiwuwa a tabbatar da ainihin abin da rigar duniyarmu ta ƙunsa ba, tunda ba shi yiwuwa a isa wurin. Sabili da haka, duk abin da masana kimiyya suka gudanar don nazarin yana faruwa tare da taimakon tarkacen wannan yanki, wanda ke bayyana lokaci-lokaci akan farfajiya.
Don haka, bayan jerin karatu, yana yiwuwa a gano cewa wannan yanki na Duniya baƙi-kore ne. Babban abun shine duwatsu, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan sunadarai masu zuwa:
- silicon;
- alli;
- magnesium;
- baƙin ƙarfe;
- oxygen.
A bayyane, kuma a wasu hanyoyi har ma a cikin abin, yana da kama da dutse meteorites, wanda shima lokaci-lokaci yakan faɗi akan duniyar tamu.
Abubuwan da suke cikin alkyabbar kanta ruwa ne, mai ɗanɗano ne, tunda zafin jikin wannan yanki ya wuce dubunnan digiri. Kusa kusa da dunkulen duniya, yawan zafin jiki yana raguwa. Don haka, wani zagaye yake faruwa - waɗancan talakawan da suka riga suka huce sun sauka, waɗanda kuma suka zafafa iyaka zuwa sama, don haka aikin “cakudawa” baya tsayawa.
Lokaci-lokaci, irin waɗannan rafuka masu zafi suna faɗuwa a cikin ɓawon buron duniyar, wanda a cikin sa dutsen da ke aiki ke taimaka musu.
Hanyoyin karatu
Ya tafi ba tare da faɗi cewa matakan da suke cikin zurfin suna da wahalar karatu ba, kuma ba wai kawai saboda babu irin wannan fasaha ba. Tsarin ya kara rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa kusan yawan zafin jiki na karuwa koyaushe, kuma a lokaci guda ƙimar kuma tana ƙaruwa. Sabili da haka, zamu iya cewa zurfin layin shine mafi ƙarancin matsala, a wannan yanayin.
Koyaya, masana kimiyya har yanzu sun sami nasarar ci gaba a cikin nazarin wannan batun. Don nazarin wannan ɓangaren duniyar tamu, babban tushen bayanin shine alamun ƙasa kawai. Bugu da kari, yayin binciken, masana kimiyya suna amfani da wadannan bayanan:
- saurin girgizar kasa;
- nauyi;
- halaye da manuniya na tsarin sarrafawar lantarki;
- nazarin duwatsu masu ƙazanta da guntun alkyabbar, waɗanda ba su da yawa, amma har yanzu ana gudanar da su a saman Duniya.
Amma na karshen, anan lu'ulu'u ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman ga masana kimiyya - a ra'ayinsu, ta hanyar nazarin abin da ya ƙunsa da tsarin wannan dutsen, mutum na iya gano abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa har ma da ƙananan matakan rigar.
Lokaci-lokaci, amma ana samun duwatsu masu sutura. Karatun su kuma yana baka damar samun bayanai masu mahimmanci, amma zuwa wani mataki ko wata, har yanzu za'a sami hargitsi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yadda ake aiwatar da matakai daban-daban a cikin kwatarniyar, wadanda suka dan bambanta da wadanda suke faruwa a can kasan duniyar tamu.
Na dabam, ya kamata a fada game da dabarun da masana kimiyya ke ƙoƙarin samo asalin dutsen na alkyabbar. Don haka, a cikin 2005, an gina jirgi na musamman a Japan, wanda, a cewar masu ƙaddamar da ayyukan da kansu, za su iya yin rikodin sosai. A halin yanzu, ana ci gaba da aiki, kuma an tsara fara aikin zuwa shekara ta 2020 - babu wani abu da yawa da za a jira.
Yanzu duk karatun da ake yi game da alkyabbar alkyabbar ana yin su a cikin dakin binciken. Masana kimiyya sun riga sun tabbatar da cewa ƙasan wannan ɓangaren duniyar, kusan duka, ya ƙunshi siliki.
Matsi da zafin jiki
Rarraba matsin lamba a cikin rigar yana da wuyar fahimta, kazalika da tsarin yanayin zafin jiki, amma farkon abubuwa da farko. Aljihun yana sanya sama da rabin nauyin duniyar, ko kuma daidai, 67%. A yankunan da ke karkashin dunkulen duniya, matsin lamba ya kai kimanin miliyan 1.3-1.4, yayin da ya kamata a lura cewa a wuraren da tekuna suke, matakin matsi ya sauka sosai.
Game da tsarin yanayin zafin jiki, bayanan dake nan kwata-kwata basu da ma'ana kuma sun dogara ne kawai da tsinkayen ra'ayi. Don haka, a ƙasan alkyabbar, ana ɗaukar zafin jiki na digiri 1500-10,000 Celsius. Gabaɗaya, masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa matakin zazzabi a wannan yanki na duniya ya fi kusa da wurin narkewa.
