Kula da albarkatun kasa ya hada da wasu matakai wadanda suka wajaba dan kiyaye yanayi a duniyarmu. Kowace shekara, kiyaye muhalli yana daɗa dacewa, saboda yanayinta yana taɓarɓarewa, kuma Duniya na ƙara shan wahala daga aiki na aikin ɗan adam. Ayyukan muhalli suna nufin:
- kiyaye nau'ikan nau'ikan flora da fauna, tare kuma da haɓaka yawan jama'a;
- tsarkake tafkunan ruwa;
- kiyaye gandun daji;
- tsarkakewar yanayi;
- shawo kan matsalolin matsalolin muhalli na duniya da na gida.
Ayyukan muhalli
Don kare albarkatun kasa, ya zama dole a tunkari wannan matsalar ta hanyar haɗin kai. Ana gudanar da kimiyyar halitta, gudanarwa da shari'a, tattalin arziki da sauran al'amuran a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Ana aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan a matakai uku: na duniya, na ƙasa da yanki.
A karo na farko, an aiwatar da ayyukan kiyaye yanayi a 1868 a Austria-Hungary, inda aka kiyaye Tatras yawan marmot da chamois. An kafa gandun dajin a karo na farko a tarihi a cikin Amurka a cikin 1872. Wannan shine Yellowstone Park. An dauki wadannan matakan ne, tunda har a lokacin mutane sun fahimci cewa sauye-sauyen muhalli na iya haifar da ba kawai don bangaranci ba, har ma da bacewar dukkan wani abu mai rai a duniyar tamu.
Game da Rasha, duk matakan da aka dauka don karewa da kare albarkatun kasa ana aiwatar da su ne bisa ga doka "A kan kare muhalli", da karfi tun 1991. A yankuna da yankuna da yawa na Tarayyar Rasha (Gabas ta Gabas, Saratov, Volgograd, Cherepovets, Yaroslavl, yankuna Nizhny Novgorod, da dai sauransu), ana ƙirƙirar ofisoshin masu shigar da kara na muhalli.
Hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa don kare muhalli kungiyoyi ne ke aiwatar da shi. Don haka don wannan a cikin 1948 aka ƙirƙiri Unionungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi (IUCN). Gudummawar muhimmiyar adana nau'ikan halittu da yawan mutane shine "Littafin Ja". Irin waɗannan jerin sunaye ana bayar dasu ga jihohi da yankuna daban-daban, sannan kuma akwai jerin duniya na nau'in haɗari. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana daidaita ayyukan muhalli a matakin kasa da kasa ta hanyar shirya taruka daban-daban da kirkirar kungiyoyi na musamman.
Babban matakan kariya daga halittu masu rai, wanda aka gudanar a kasashen duniya da yawa, sune masu zuwa:
- iyakan fitar da hayaki a cikin sararin samaniya da hanyoyin samar da ruwa;
- iyakance farautar dabbobi da kamun kifi;
- iyakance zubar da shara;
- ƙirƙirar wuraren bautar, wuraren ajiya da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa.
Sakamakon
Ba wai kawai dukkan jihohi ke shiga cikin kare muhalli ba, har ma da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ƙasashen duniya da na gida. Koyaya, mutane sun manta da cewa kare muhalli ya dogara da kowannenmu, kuma muna iya kare yanayi daga lalacewa da lalacewa.
