Daga cikin tsuntsayen da yawa da ke zaune a duniyarmu, akwai kyawawan abubuwa masu ban dariya da ban mamaki, waɗanda, ƙari, an ba su sunaye masu ban sha'awa. Ana iya kiran ɗayan waɗannan tsuntsayen matattu karshenwannan yana kama da abin wasa mai haske da taushi.
Bayyanar tsuntsu Puffin
Tsuntsun Puffin karami a cikin girma, kusan girman matsakaiciyar tattabara. Girmansa yakai kusan 30 cm, fukafukan sunkai rabin mita. Mace tana da nauyin gram 310, namijin ya ɗan zarce - gram 345. Wannan tsuntsu na mallakar tsarin plovers ne da dangin pyzhikovs.
Jiki yana da yawa, yayi kama da jikin penguin, amma waɗannan mutane biyu ba su da alaƙa da juna. Babban fasalin da abin birgewa a cikin hoton puffin shine kyakkyawan bakinta. Yana da siffar mai kusurwa uku, an matse shi sosai daga ɓangarorin, kama da ƙaramin hatche. A lokacin kiwo, bakin yana juya lemu mai haske.
Deadarshen ƙarshe ya zaɓi aboki ɗaya don rayuwa
Kan tsuntsun yana zagaye, baƙi a kan rawanin, sauran fari ne, tare da ɗiga-digo launin toka a kan kumatu. Idanun ƙanana ne, kuma da alama suna cikin ninkewa, ƙari ma, ana haskaka su da ƙyallen ido mai haske da launin toka mai launin toka.
Jiki a bayanta fenti ne baƙar fata, ciki fari ne. Legafafu tare da membranes, kamar na tsuntsayen ruwa, suma suna dacewa da launi mai haske mai haske. Deadarshen mutu a cikin hoton yayi kyau sosai da kyau. Don irin wannan bayyanar, ana kuma kiransa wawa ta teku ko aku, wanda ya zama daidai.
Gidan tsuntsaye na Puffin
Matattu karshen marine mazaunin, yana zaune a bakin teku. Yawancin yawancin suna a yankin arewa maso yammacin Turai. Coloan mulkin mallaka mafi girma a duniya tsuntsaye matattu ƙare nests a bankunan Iceland kuma ya kai kashi 60% na yawan jama'ar.
Mamaye tsibirin Faroe, Shetland da tsibiran yankin Arctic. A Arewacin Amurka, a cikin Witless Bay Nature Reserve, akwai babban mulkin mallaka (kimanin nau'i dubu 250) na puffins. Hakanan manyan yankuna suna rayuwa a gaɓar Norway, a cikin Newfoundland, a yamma da Greenland.
Akwai babban mulkin mallaka a Rasha 'yan puffins a gabar Murmansk. Groupsananan ƙungiyoyi suna rayuwa a kan Novaya Zemlya, arewa maso gabas na Kola Peninsula da tsibirai kusa da ita. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaɓar ƙananan tsibirai ne har tsawon rayuwa, amma ba sa son yin gida a babban yankin kanta.
Hoton ya nuna puffin na Atlantic
Wannan tsuntsu ma an gamu dashi fiye da Yankin Arctic, amma bai zauna a can ba don haifuwa. Hakanan ana rarraba shi ko'ina cikin Arctic da Tekun Atlantika a lokacin hunturu, tare da iyakar iyaka daga bakin tekun Arewacin Afirka. Wasu lokuta suna shiga Bahar Rum a yamma. A lokacin hunturu yakan rike cikin kananan kungiyoyi, kusan kullum yana cikin ruwa.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar tsuntsun puffin
Tunda yawancin rayuwar puffin sun kare a cikin ruwa, shi ƙwararren mai iyo ne. A karkashin ruwa yana fuka fuka-fukansa kamar yadda yake cikin tashi, yana samun saurin mita 2 a sakan daya. Yana da ikon yin ruwa zuwa zurfin mita 70. Zai iya yin tafiya a kan ƙasa, har ma da gudu, amma a hankali, waddle.
Ban da lokacin kiwo, puffins suna zaune su kaɗai ko a haɗe, suna tashi daga bakin tekun na nesa mai nisa (har zuwa kilomita 100) kuma suna lilo a can a kan raƙuman ruwa. Ko da a mafarki, tsuntsaye koyaushe suna motsa kafafunsu a cikin ruwa.
Don kada dutsen ya jike ya zama dumi, puffins suna kula da kamannin su koyaushe, suna raba gashin tsuntsu suna rarraba asirin gland din a kansu. A lokacin rayuwa akan ruwa, narkakken yanayi yana faruwa, puffins suna rasa dukkan gashin fikafikai a lokaci ɗaya, kuma, bisa ga haka, ba za su iya tashi ba har sai sababbi sun girma.
Wannan yana faruwa a cikin 'yan watanni. Rayuwa a kan ƙasa ba ta son ƙarshen matattu, ba a daidaita su sosai don tashi da sauka kan ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Fikafikansu suna aiki mafi kyau a ƙarƙashin ruwa, amma a cikin iska galibi suna tashi ne kawai a madaidaiciya, ba tare da wani motsi ba.
Saukowa, tsuntsun ya fado kan cikinsa, wani lokacin yakan buge maƙwabcinsa mai laushi, idan bai sami lokacin da zai koma gefe ba. Don tashi sama, dole ne ya faɗi daga layin famfo, da sauri ya buɗe fukafukansa kuma ya sami tsawo.
Kodayake lokaci a kan ƙasa bai zama da kwanciyar hankali ga waɗannan tsuntsayen ba, dole ne su koma can daga saman ruwa da suka fi so don kiwo. A lokacin bazara, tsuntsaye suna ƙoƙari su koma yankin mallaka da wuri don zaɓar mafi kyawun wuri don gina gida.
Bayan sun yi iyo zuwa bakin teku, suna jira har sai duk dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, sannan kuma za su fara gini. Duk iyaye suna da hannu a cikin wannan aikin - ɗayan yana haƙa, na biyu yana ɗaukar ƙasa. Lokacin da komai ya shirya, tsuntsayen zasu iya kula da bayyanar su, tare da warware alaƙa da maƙwabtansu, wanda babu wani tsuntsu da zai fi shafar hakan.
Puffins ba su tashi da kyau sosai, kawai a cikin madaidaiciyar layi
Matattu karshen abinci
Puffins suna ciyar da kifi da wasu molluscs, shrimps, crustaceans. Na kifi, galibi suna ciyar da abincin herring, gerbils, eels, capelin. Gabaɗaya, kowane ƙaramin kifi, yawanci bai fi girman cm 7 ba. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun dace sosai da farauta a cikin ruwa, yin ruwa da riƙe numfashinsu na minti ɗaya, suna ninkaya da kyau, suna tafiya da ƙafafunsu kuma suna samun saurin sauri tare da taimakon fukafukan su.
An ci kama a can, ƙarƙashin ruwa. Amma idan farautar ta fi girma, to tsuntsayen sun fara jan ta zuwa saman. A cikin nutse guda ɗaya, ƙarshen mutu zai kama kifaye da yawa, yayin yini da ƙarancin abinci yana ba shi damar haɗiye kusan gram 100-300 na abinci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar tsuntsayen puffin
Puffins suna da auren mata daya, sun zama ma'aurata guda ɗaya har abada. Da zuwan bazara, a watan Maris zuwa Afrilu, suna dawowa daga teku zuwa yankin mallaka. Ma'auratan da suka sadu bayan hunturu suna shafa kawunansu da bakunansu, wanda ke nuna suna da mafi girman bayyanar soyayya.
Bugu da kari, maza, kula da mata, gabatar da su da kifi, suna tabbatar da cancantar su a matsayin uba na iyali. Puffins suna sabunta tsoffin, ko kuma suna haƙa sabon gida a cikin ƙasar peat. An haƙa minks ɗin ta yadda ƙofar zuwa gare su matsattsiya ce kuma tsawonta (kimanin mita 2), kuma a cikin zurfin akwai mahalli mai faɗi. A cikin gidan da kansa, tsuntsaye suna yin gida daga ciyawa da busasshiyar ciyawa.
Lokacin da aka kammala dukkan shirye-shirye, ana yin saduwa a watan Yuni-Yuli kuma mace tana yin kwai fari ɗaya. Iyayensa suna jujjuyawar jujjuyawar kwanaki 38-42. Lokacin da jariri ya ƙyanƙyashe, iyayen tare suna kawo masa abinci, wanda yake buƙata sosai.
Za a iya ɗaukar kifin puffin a yankuna da yawa lokaci ɗaya, riƙe shi a baki tare da mummunan harshe. Sabon kajin da aka haifa an rufe shi da baƙin fure tare da ƙaramin farin tabo a kirji; a ranar 10-11th, farkon lilin na farko ya bayyana. Da farko, bakin bakin shima baƙar fata ne, kuma a cikin babban tsuntsu ne kawai yake samun lemu mai lemu.
Wasu 'yan puffins suna shirya gida
Har sai lokacin da jaririn ya girma, ffan puffins suna kare shi daga abokan gaba na halitta - gaggafa, ungulu, gulls da skuas. Da rana, kaji yakan zauna a cikin gida, kuma da dare iyayen sukan raka shi zuwa ruwa su koya masa yadda ake iyo. Irin wannan kulawa tana ɗan ɗan wata ɗaya, sannan kuma iyayen sai kawai su daina ciyar da jariri. Ba shi da zabi sai tashi daga cikin gida zuwa girma. Yawancin tsuntsaye na iya hassada tsawon rayuwar puffin - wannan tsuntsu ya rayu na kimanin shekaru 30.
