Kara-Kum (ko kuma wani lafazin Garagum) a cikin fassarar daga Turkanci yana nufin yashi baƙar fata. Hamada da ke mamaye da wani yanki mai mahimmanci na Turkmenistan. Ramin yashi na Kara-Kum ya bazu a kan murabba'in kilomita dubu 350, tsawon kilomita 800 da faɗi kilomita 450. An rarraba hamada zuwa yankunan Arewa (ko Zaunguska), kudu maso gabas da Tsakiya (ko Lowland).
Yanayi
Kara-Kum shine ɗayan mafi tsananin hamada a doron ƙasa. Yanayin bazara na iya kaiwa digiri 50 a ma'aunin Celsius, kuma yashi yana zafin har zuwa digiri 80. A lokacin sanyi, yanayin zafi na iya sauka, a wasu yankuna, zuwa digiri 35 kasa da sifili. Akwai karancin ruwan sama, har zuwa milimita ɗari da hamsin a kowace shekara, kuma mafi yawansu suna faɗuwa galibi a lokacin hunturu daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu.
Shuke-shuke
Abin mamaki, akwai fiye da nau'ikan tsirrai sama da 250 a cikin jejin Kara-Kum. A farkon watan Fabrairu, ya rikide zuwa hamada. Poppies, acacia sand, tulips (yellow and red), calendula daji, sand sedge, astragalus da sauran shuke-shuke sun cika furanni.
Poppy
Acacia mai yashi
Tulip
Calendula daji
Sand yage
Astragalus
Pistachios ya tashi da martaba a tsayin mita biyar zuwa bakwai. Wannan lokacin gajere ne, tsire-tsire a cikin hamada suna girma cikin sauri kuma suna zubar da ganyayensu har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zuwa.
Dabbobi
Da rana, yawancin wakilan duniyar dabbobi suna hutawa. Suna ɓoyewa a cikin kabarinsu ko inuwar ciyayi inda akwai inuwa. Lokacin aiki yana farawa galibi da dare, yayin da rana ta daina ɗumama yashi kuma zafin jiki a cikin hamada yana sauka. Mafi shahararrun wakilai na tsari na masu kama-karya sune Korsak fox.
Fox korsak
Ya ɗan fi ƙanƙan da yawanci kodar, amma ƙafafunta sun fi tsayi dangane da jiki.
Karammiski
Catauren karammiski shine ƙaramin wakilin dangi.
Jawo yana da yawa sosai amma yana da taushi. Theafafun gajere ne kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai. Berayen maciji, macizai da bihorks (wanda aka fi sani da lakabi ko gizo-gizo raƙumi) suna da yawa a cikin hamada.
Gizo-gizo raƙumi
Tsuntsaye
Wakilan farar fata na hamada ba su da yawa. Garken hamada, warbler fidgety (ƙaramin tsuntsu mai ɓoyayyen sirri wanda ke riƙe da wutsiyarsa ta bayansa).
Gwarjin Hamada
Warbler
Wurin hamada da taswira
Hamada tana yankin kudu na tsakiyar Asiya kuma tana zaune a cikin kashi uku cikin uku na Turkmenistan kuma ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi girma. A kudu, hamadar tana da iyaka ta tsaunukan Karabil, Kopetdag, Vankhyz. A arewa, iyakar tana gudana tare da Horzeim Lowland. A gabas, Kara-Kum ya yi iyaka da kwarin Amu Darya, yayin da a yamma iyakar hamada ta bi ta tsohuwar tashar Kogin Yammacin Uzboy.
Latsa hoton don fadada
Saukakawa
Saukakawar Karakum ta Arewa ya sha bamban da na Kudu maso gabas da na reliefasa. Yankin arewa yana da tsawo sosai kuma shine mafi dadadden ɓangare na hamada. Fa'idodin wannan yanki na Kara-Kum sune tsaunuka masu yashi, waɗanda suka faɗi daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma suna da tsayi har zuwa mita ɗari.
Hamada ta Tsakiya da Kudu Maso Gabashin Karakum suna da kamanceceniya cikin sauƙin yanayi kuma saboda ƙarancin yanayi, sun fi dacewa da noma. Yankin ƙasa ya fi faɗi idan aka kwatanta shi da yankin arewa. Dunes na sand bai fi tsayin mita 25 ba. Kuma iska mai karfi da yawa, sauya dunes, yana canza microrelief na yankin.
Hakanan a cikin sauƙin hamadar Kara-Kum, zaku iya ganin takyrs. Waɗannan filayen ƙasa ne, galibi an haɗa su da yumɓu, wanda a cikin fari yakan sami fasa a saman ƙasa. A lokacin bazara, takyrs suna wadatuwa da danshi kuma ba shi yiwuwa a bi ta waɗannan yankuna.
Hakanan akwai kwazazzabai da yawa a cikin Kara-Kum: Archibil, inda aka kiyaye wuraren budurwa na halitta; dutsen kankara mai hade da Mergenishan, wanda aka kirkira a wajajen karni na 13.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Hamada ta Karakum tana cike da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da asirai. Misali:
- akwai ruwa mai yawa a yankin hamada, wanda a wasu sassan sa kusa da farfajiya (har zuwa mita shida);
- kwata-kwata duk yashi na hamada na asalin kogi ne;
- a kan yankin hamadar Kara-Kum kusa da ƙauyen Dareaza akwai "Gofar toofar duniya" ko "atesofar Wuta". Wannan sunan ramin gas din Darvaza. Wannan bakin dutse asalinsa ne. A cikin 1920 mai nisa, haɓaka gas ya fara a wannan wurin. Dandalin ya shiga karkashin rairayi, kuma iskar gas ta fara fitowa zuwa saman. Don kaucewa guba, an yanke shawarar sanya wuta a tashar iskar gas. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wutar a nan ba ta daina cin wuta na dakika ɗaya ba.
- kimanin rijiyoyi kimanin dubu ashirin sun warwatse a fadin yankin Kara-Kum, ana samun ruwa daga ciki tare da taimakon rakuma masu tafiya cikin da'irar;
- yankin hamada ya zarce yankin kasashe kamar Italiya, Norway da Ingila.
Wani abin ban sha'awa kuma shine hamadar Kara-Kum tana da cikakken suna. Wannan hamada kuma ana kiranta Karakum, amma tana da ƙaramin yanki kuma tana kan yankin Kazakhstan.
