Ba lallai bane ku yi balaguro zuwa Afirka ko Ostiraliya don ziyarci hamada. Hakanan ana samun hamada da rabin hamada a yankin ƙasar Rasha. Yankin mafi ƙasƙanci na kwarin Caspian yana cikin hamada, inda keɓaɓɓun ɗakunan sarauta tare da rarar yashi. Sauyin yanayi a nan shi ne na gaba ɗaya na duniya: mai tsananin zafi da lokacin bazara, lokacin sanyi mai ƙanƙan da ƙanƙara. Baya ga Volga da Akhtuba, babu wasu hanyoyin samun ruwa a nan. Akwai dausayi da yawa a cikin rafin waɗannan kogunan.
Yankin tsagin hamadar Rasha yana kudu maso gabas na yankin Turai na ƙasar, yana farawa daga yankin bankin hagu na Volga har zuwa tsaunukan tsaunukan Caucasus. Waɗannan su ne yammacin yankin Tekun Caspian da Ergeni Upland. Hakanan yana da yanayi mai tsananin yanayi da bushewar yanayi. Hanyoyin ruwa na yankin hamada na hamada sune kogin Volga da Sarpinsky.
A yankin hamada da hamadar hamada, ƙarancin ruwan sama ya faɗi - har zuwa milimita 350 a shekara. Ainihin, ƙasa tana da rairayi da hamada-steppe.
Kalmar "hamada" tana nuna cewa babu rai anan. Amma ba haka bane.
Sauyin yanayi na hamada da rabin hamada na Rasha
Yanayin yanayi na hamada da hamadar hamada ya sami nasarar samuwar keɓaɓɓiyar fure da fauna. An shirya ciyawar da ke wannan yankin a cikin hanyar mosaic. Ganye mai ɗorewa - ephemeroids - sun bazu galibi a cikin kwayar halitta. Phemera suma sun girma anan, zagayen rayuwa shine watanni biyu zuwa uku. Gabaɗaya, tsire-tsire ƙananan ne, amma suna da tushen tushen ƙarfi. A cikin yankin hamada, baƙar ƙwarin daji da hodgepodge, bulluus bluegrass da ciyawa mai yatsu biyu, ƙaya ta raƙumi da fescue suna girma. Kusa da Tekun Caspian, rabin hamada ya rikide ya zama hamada, inda ciyayi ke ƙasa da ƙasa. Wani lokaci zaku iya ganin elmius, wormwood ko gashi.
Ya bambanta da talauci mara kyau, yawancin dabbobi suna rayuwa a cikin hamada da hamadar hamada: beraye, masu farauta, manyan dabbobi. Gida ne na gophers da jerboas, hamsters da kuma berayen fili, marmoti da corsacs, macizai da macizai, saigas da bushiya mai kunnuwa, da tsuntsaye da yawa, kamar hoda mai ruwan hoda.
Matsalar muhalli ta hamada da hamadar hamada ta Rasha
Idan muka yi magana game da matsalolin muhalli na hamada da hamadar sahara ta Rasha, to sa hannun mutum a cikin yanayin wannan yanki haɗari ne. Tsarin kwararowar hamada - matsanancin matakin zaizayar kasa - yana haifar da canje-canje masu mahimmanci, musamman ƙarƙashin tasirin abubuwan anthropogenic. Wata matsala ta hamada da hamadar hamada ta Rasha ita ce farauta da hallaka dabbobi da tsire-tsire masu yawan gaske. Kuma tunda wasu jinsunan da ba safai suke rayuwa a nan ba, ayyukan mutane suna haifar da mummunan lahani ga yanayi. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a kiyaye da kiyaye shimfidar wuraren hamadar kasar da kuma hamadar sahara, tunda wannan ita ce arzikin duniyar tamu.
