Albarkatun ruwa na Duniya sun kunshi ruwan karkashin kasa da na saman duniya. Ana amfani dasu ba kawai ga mutane da dabbobi ba, amma ana buƙatar su don matakai daban-daban na halitta. Ruwa (H2O) ruwa ne, daskararre, ko gas. Jimillar dukkanin hanyoyin ruwa sune suke samar da ruwa, ma'ana, harsashin ruwa, wanda yakai kaso 79.8% na saman duniya. Ya ƙunshi:
- tekuna;
- tekuna;
- koguna;
- tabkuna;
- fadama;
- tafkunan roba;
- ruwan karkashin kasa;
- kumburin yanayi;
- danshi a cikin ƙasa;
- murfin dusar ƙanƙara;
- glaciers.
Domin kiyaye rayuwa, dole ne mutane su sha ruwa kowace rana. Ruwan sabo ne kawai ya dace da wannan, amma a wannan duniyar tamu bai wuce 3% ba, amma yanzu kashi 0.3% ne kawai ake samu. Mafi yawan ruwan sha sune a Rasha, Brazil da Kanada.
Amfani da albarkatun ruwa
Ruwa ya bayyana a duniya kimanin shekaru biliyan 3.5 da suka wuce, kuma wata hanyar ba za ta iya lura da shi ba. Ana daukar hydrosphere a matsayin arzikin da ba zai karewa ba a duniya, banda haka, masana kimiyya sun kirkiro wata hanya ta sanya ruwan gishiri sabo domin a yi amfani da shi wajen sha.
Albarkatun ruwa ya zama dole ba wai kawai don tallafawa rayuwar mutane ba, flora da fauna, amma har ma suna samar da iskar oxygen a yayin aiwatar da hotuna. Hakanan, ruwa yana da mahimmiyar rawa wajen samar da yanayi. Mutane suna amfani da wannan mahimmin abu a rayuwar yau da kullun, a cikin noma da masana'antu. Masana sun kiyasta cewa a manyan birane mutum na shan kusan lita 360 na ruwa a kowace rana, kuma wannan ya hada da amfani da ruwan sha, najasa, girki da sha, tsabtace gida, wanki, ba shuke-shuke, wanke motoci, kashe gobara, da sauransu.
Matsalar gurbacewar Hydrosphere
Daya daga cikin matsalolin duniya shine gurbataccen ruwa. Tushen gurbataccen ruwa:
- ruwan sharar gida da na masana'antu;
- kayayyakin mai;
- binne sinadarai da sinadaran rediyo a cikin ruwa;
- ruwan acid;
- jigilar kaya;
- sharar gari
A dabi'a akwai wani yanayi kamar tsarkake jikin ruwa, amma yanayin anthropogenic yana shafar yanayin halittar sosai ta yadda lokaci yayi, ana sake dawo da raƙuman ruwa, tafkuna, tekuna da wuya. Ruwan ya ƙazantu, ya zama bai dace ba kawai don sha da amfani na gida, har ma don rayuwar ruwa, kogi, nau'in teku na flora da fauna. Don inganta yanayin muhalli, musamman ma albarkatun ruwa, ya zama dole ayi amfani da albarkatun ruwa yadda ya dace, adana su da kuma aiwatar da matakan kariya ga jikin ruwa.
