Mutum ya daɗe wa gizo-gizo da sifofin sihiri. Daga cikin mutane da yawa a duniya karakurt gizo-gizo musamman sananne. Thearfin guba na dabbobin da ba a saba da su ba ya zarce dafin dafin macizai masu haɗari.
Bayani da fasali
Tarihin gizo-gizo, godiya ga alamun da ke cikin daskararren amber, ya dawo kimanin shekaru miliyan 300 da suka gabata. Sunan a zahiri yana nufin "baƙar fata tsutsa", wanda asalin launi na jiki ya bayyana shi, ikon motsawa da sauri.
Jikin gizogizai masu daɗi masu faɗi ne. Jumlar dimorphism ana furtawa. Karakurt mace ta fi ta namiji girma sosai, jikinta da ƙafa yana da kusan 2.5 cm a tsayi, maza sun fi ƙanƙanta - kawai 6-7 mm. Pafafu huɗu da gabobin jiki suna kan kowane gefe na gangar jikin. Nau'in matsakaiciyar tarsus an rufe su da gashi. Nau'in farko da na ƙarshe an bambanta su ta mafi tsayi.
Karakurt na namiji ya fi na mace ƙanƙanta, kuma cizon nasa ba shi da haɗari ga mutane.
Launin gizo-gizo an rarrabe shi da kasancewar ja ko ɗigon ruwan lemo mai siffofi daban-daban. Wani lokaci a zane a jiki, ana ƙara farin iyaka zuwa kowane wuri. Karakurt a hoto yana da ban sha'awa, tare da irin waɗannan alamun yana da sauƙi don rarrabe shi daga abubuwan da ke tattare da su. Lokacin da gizo-gizo ya balaga, alamomi masu haske a jiki na iya ɓacewa, yayin da launin baƙar fata mai ɗauke da halayyar haske ya rage.
Gizo-gizo suna samun launi mai haske a yayin ci gaba. Sabbin jarirai kusan bayyane suke. Tare da kowane narkakken jiki, jiki yakan yi duhu, kuma zaren farin da ke cikin ciki cike yake da ja. Mafi yawan narkewar narkewa na faruwa, da sauri gizo-gizo ke balaga. Ofimar ci gaba yana tasiri ta hanyar samar da abinci na arthropods.
Haɓakawa cikin sauri yana haifar da zubin 6 ko 7, bayan haka ana kunna maza don neman ba abinci ba, amma mata don haifuwa. Wani fasalin karakurt shine jinin shuɗi. An yanke launi ba ta haemoglobin ba, kamar yadda yake a yawancin dabbobi, amma ta hemocyanin, wanda ke ba da inuwa ƙwarai. Idanun gizo-gizo suna gani sosai dare da rana.
Karakurt sananne ne ga mafi tsananin guba, wanda gland na musamman ke samarwa. Babban manufar makamin shine gurguntar da kwari, kananan beraye a matsayin ganima. Daga baya gizo-gizo ya mamaye fatattakar dabbobi.
Dafin gizogizo na mata na iya haifar da mutuwa idan ba a ba da kulawar gaggawa ba. Da farko dai, mutanen da suke da mummunar tasirin rashin lafiyan suna cikin haɗarin mummunan sakamako. Maza, saboda girmansu, ba sa iya ko cizon fata na mutum.
Gizo-gizo baya nuna ta'adi idan har bazuwar abubuwa ya dame shi ba. Masu hankali masu yawon bude ido, kafin su kwana, suna girka alfarwa ta musamman, wadanda aka kulla a karkashin gado, don hana shigowar gizo-gizo. Don haka, Karakurt na Kirimiya ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, inda yawancin matafiya a waje ke tsoron haduwa da mazaunin yankin.
Ba a jin cizon nan take, sakamakon gubobi ya bayyana a tsakanin minti 10-15. Babban alamun sune ciwo mai zafi a kirji, ƙananan baya, ciki. Halin maye yana haifar da spasms a cikin bronchi, amai, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi. Mafi girman narkar da guba yana faruwa ne a lokacin darin gizo-gizo. A wasu lokuta kuma, basu da hatsari sosai.
Ana amfani da magani na musamman don kariya daga cizon, amma taimakon likita na gaggawa ba koyaushe bane. Nan da nan kwararru suka sanya cizon tare da ashana don lalata gubar da ba ta da lokacin shiga jini. Depthananan zurfin cizon, har zuwa 0.5 mm, yana ba da damar dakatar da saurin yaduwar abubuwa masu guba.
Daga cikin dabbobi, shanu, beraye, dawakai, raƙuma sune mafi mahimmancin tasirin abu mai guba. Dabbobi masu rarrafe, karnuka, bushiya ba su da hankali. Shekarun da aka kwashe ana kiwo a karakurt suna haifar da mutuwar dabbobi, asara a kiwon dabbobi.
Manyan wuraren da gizo-gizo yake zaune ya mamaye yankunan hamada na Kazakhstan, da matakan Kalmyk, da kuma yankunan kudanci na Rasha. Menene karakurt yayi kama? sananne ne a Altai, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Afghanistan, Arewacin Afirka.
Ana iya samun Karakurt a yankuna da yawa na Rasha
Irin
An rarrabe gizo-gizo ta hanyar digiri daban-daban na yawan guba, mazauninsu, da kuma bayyanar su. Daga cikin gizagizai masu tsananin dafi, ko gizo-gizo mai maki goma sha uku, akwai jinsunan Asiya da Turai. Ana kiran na biyun da suna na biyu - zawarawan Turai.
Karakurt wata bazawara ce. Kasancewar kayan kwalliya ga jinsin matan da mazansu suka mutu ya nuna bambancin mata don cinye maza kai tsaye bayan sun gama. Ta wannan hanyar, gizo-gizo yana da kuzari don ƙirƙirar da kare kamawar ƙwai. An rufe jikin baƙar fata mai launin ja, wanda akwai 13. A cikin abin da suke ganin wata alama ta sihiri.
Wannan jinsin an fi saninsa da guba, rarrabawa a cikin yankuna masu tsayi na yankuna masu dumi. Gizo-gizo ya fi ƙarfin 15-20 ƙarfi fiye da baƙin kumurci. Don magance haɗarin haɗari, ana aiwatar da magani na wuraren kiwo. Karakurt Dalya shine gizo-gizo mai bakin jini. Mai iya haɗuwa tare da nau'in nau'i-nau'i goma sha uku, wanda wani lokacin yakan sanya shi wahalar gano zuriya.
Jan bazawara. An bambanta launi ta launin launi mai launin jan-orange a saman, ƙasan baƙin ciki. Mazaunin yana cikin Amurka, Yankin Florida. Limiteduntataccen yanki na rarrabawa shine dalilin ƙarancin bayani game da matakin yawan guba na nau'in.
Farar karakurt. Sunan yana nuna ƙayyadaddun launin launi rawaya mai haske. Ba kamar dangi ba, babu tabo, dige, alamu. A cikin gizo-gizo monochromatic, kawai inuwar launi canzawa. Matsanancin yanayi, cephalothorax sun ɗan fi duhu duhu fiye da jiki.
A bayan baya kuma akwai dige duhu huɗu, damuwa wanda ke samar da murabba'i mai dari. Lalacin farin karakurt ya gaza na gizo-gizo mai baƙar fata a cikin haɗarin gubobi. Farar gizo-gizo suna zaune a Asiya ta Tsakiya, a kudancin Rasha. Mata na wannan nau'in sune mafi girma a cikin karakurt, akwai mutane har zuwa 10 cm a cikin tsayi da gabar jiki.
Ga keɓaɓɓen yanayin motsi tare da taɓa ƙafafun fararen karakurt, suna kiranta gizo-gizo mai rawa. Masu riƙe da cikakkiyar ji ta wannan hanyar suna watsa bayanai ga juna. Gizo-gizo sun fi son zama a cikin hamada, saboda haka, a cikin yanayin yanayi, haɗuwa da mutane ba safai ba.
Farin gizo-gizo sun fi dacewa da yanayin sanyi, saboda haka ana samun su a yankuna inda tuni ya zama da wuya ga brothersan uwan baƙar fata su rayu, misali, a yammacin Kazakhstan.
Farin karakurt shine gizo-gizo mai dafi sosai
A yankin Eurasia, akwai gizo-gizo waɗanda suke kamanceceniya da kamanni da sifar karakurt mai guba - kawunan macizai daga jinsin steatod, ko kuma zawarawan bazawara.
Bambancin launi launin fari ne, mai launin ja, ɗigon ja, siririn layin rawaya a bayanta, layin ja tare da cikin. Alamun ja girman karakurt karya ne dalilin rikicewar.
Amma matakan ruwa ba masu guba bane, kodayake dangane da alamomin cutar, ayyukan dafin suna da alaƙa da wakilan gaske. Bayan cizon bazawara mara gaskiya, jiki yana dawo da kansa bayan fewan kwanaki.
Steidode gizo-gizo suna kama da kamanni karakurt
Rayuwa da mazauni
Gizogizo ya fi zama ruwan dare a kan gangaren ramuka, ramuka, tare da bankunan ramuka. Ya fi son ƙauyuka, wuraren budurwa, filayen noma, busassun masarufi, rabin hamada. A kan girasar gishiri da koguna da suka mamaye, za a iya samun gizagizai masu dafi masu guba.
Don cikakken zagayen rayuwa, karakurt yana buƙatar dogon rani, kaka mai ɗumi, hunturu mara sanyi. Arthropods sun guji shimfidar ƙasa, zaɓi maɓuɓɓugan dutse, tare da baƙin ciki a cikin ƙasa don shirya mai nasara.
Buroda da aka yashe, kofofin ƙasa, da baƙin ciki a cikin ƙasa suna jawo hankalin gizo-gizo. Black karakurt iya zama a cikin dakin amfani, hawa cikin tsarin babu kowa, shiga cikin gida. Dangane da yanayin yanayi, yankunan kudanci na Rasha sune wurare masu kyau don zane-zane.
Karakurt Dalya yana da kalar baki mai kauri
Akwai karakurt musamman da yawa a cikin yankin Astrakhan, Kalmykia, Krasnodar da Stavropol. Idan lokacin rani mai zafi ya jinkirta, to gizo-gizo yana motsawa zuwa arewa, zuwa yankunan Voronezh, Tambov. Karakurt a cikin yankin Moscow - wani sabon abu mai ban mamaki. Amma zai yiwu. Tare da yanayin sanyi na farko, duk zasu mutu, kuma cocoons ɗin hagu tare da offspringa offspringan su zasu daskare yayin dogon hunturu.
Gizo-gizo masu guba suna aiki dare da rana. Ta saƙar gulbin gizo, suna kafa taru don kama ganima. Abu ne mai sauki a rarrabe aikin karakurt ta wurin tarin zaren, sabanin gizo-gizo mai zagaya yanar gizo, wanda ke da tsarin saƙa daidai.
Jirgin yanar gizo a kwance shine wani abin da ke sa karakurt yayi fice. Don haka sun fi samun nasarar kare manyan wadanda abin ya shafa daga sama - fara, fara, motsawa a cikin kasa. Sauran tarkuna masu yawan gaske sune tarko a tsaye.
Masu yawon bude ido da suka lura da yanar gizo mai kauri a dunkulelen dutse bai kamata su kafa tanti kusa ba, saboda akwai yiwuwar haduwar bazata da mafarauci mai dafi. Gizo-gizo yawanci ba shine farkon wanda zai fara kawo hari ba. Cizon zai yiwu a cikin yanayin da mutum bai lura da karakurt ba, ya taka gurbi, ya taɓa yanar gizo.
Wurin karakurt yana da sauƙin ganewa ta yanar gizo mai ƙyalli a kwance
Ya kamata a kwantar da alfarwan ta hanyar raga kuma a kiyaye ta da alfarwa. Kawai namiji karakurtamma ba shi da ikon yin barna da yawa. Lokacin yawo, ya zama dole a sanya rufaffiyar takalma da sutura don kare jiki daga hare-haren baƙar fata na halittu masu rai.
Ba za ku iya barin abubuwa da takalma a bayan alfarwa da daddare ba. Gizo-gizo yayi kuskuren ɓoye su saboda wuraren ɓoye. Ciza ba makawa idan karakurt yana cikin but ɗin da mai yawon shakatawa zai sanya da safe ba tare da girgiza shi ba. Karakurt mai dafi mai yawan haihuwa, lokaci-lokaci yawan jama'a yana fuskantar hauhawa mai kaifi.
Tun Yuni, suna yin ƙaura don neman tsari daga zafin rana, wurare masu dacewa don mating. A dabi'a, gizo-gizo ma suna da abokan gaba waɗanda ma suna iya cin karakurt ba tare da tsoron guba ba. Rashin hankali ga gubobi, aladu, tumaki, awaki sun tattake dukkan kadada na tsako tare da gida, inda karakurt yana zaune.
Makiyaya ne kawai bayan irin wannan magani suka saki dawakai da raƙuma masu lahani ga dafin gizo-gizo don kiwo. Buringing burrowing yana lalata gizo-gizo ta yadda suke, suna allurar wani abu mai gurgunta jiki. Hawan beetles suna samun koko na karakurt don sanya tsutsa a cikinsu. 'Ya'yan beraye suna hulɗa da gizo-gizo nymphs mara kariya. Karakurt don shinge abun marmari ne. Allura suna kare dabba daga barazanar cizon, gizo-gizo ba zai iya cutar da maƙiyi mai rauni ba.
Gina Jiki
Insectsananan kwari sune tushen tushen abincin arthropods. Shafin yanar gizo don kama waɗanda abin ya shafa ba a rarrabe shi da ladabi na aiwatarwa, amma ƙarancin zaren bai bar kowa damar fita daga ciki ba. Karakurt yada raga gida nesa da gida, lura da tarko mai kamawa.
Da zaran abin farauta ya shiga yanar gizo, ya sauka kan ciyawa, gizo-gizo yana hanzarin yin allurar guba don shayar da ƙwaron, sarrafa sannu-sannu a jikin wanda aka azabtar a ƙarƙashin maye. Ko da murfin katako mai wahala ba cikas bane ga karakurt don cin ganima.
Bayan wani lokaci, gizo-gizo yana ciyar da wanda aka azabtar, yana tsotse abubuwan da aka sarrafa cikin ruwa. Karafunan, wanda babu abin da ya rage, ya kasance rataye a cikin yanar gizo na dogon lokaci. Mafi sau da yawa, sauro, kudaje, dawakai, May beetles, da ciyawa suna fadawa cikin raga. Fari, har da kyankyasai, sun zama ganima.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Karakurt suna da taki sosai. A cikin shekara guda, mace na yin akalla ƙwai 1000. Lokaci-lokaci, ana samun ƙaruwa a cikin haihuwa, lokacin da mata ke ƙaruwa da ƙwai a cikin kama da kusan sau ɗaya da rabi a lokacin lokacin. Kololuwar kiwo ta gizo-gizo na faruwa duk shekara goma zuwa sha biyu ko ashirin da biyar. Yawan jinsuna suna haɓaka lambobin su cikin sauri.
Lokacin saduwa na arthropods yana faɗuwa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, tare da zuwan zafi. A wannan lokacin, motsi na karakurt yana farawa don bincika keɓantattun wurare don saƙar gidan sauro. Maza suna tura turaren yanar gizo tare da pheromones don jan hankalin mace. Irin wannan gidan yanar gizon yana aiki na wucin gadi, kawai don gizo-gizo masu lalata, saƙa a cikin kusurwoyin da aka kiyaye daga zafin rana.
Baƙi zawarawa, suna bin ɗabi'un ɗabi'a, suna cin maza bayan sun gama jima'i, suna neman sabon wuri don yin ƙwai. Sau da yawa ana zama cikin layin a tsakanin rashin daidaito na ƙasa, a cikin ɓacin rai daban-daban, ramuka na ɓoyayyiyar haƙori. Mata na karakurt suma suna rarrafe zuwa cikin tsarin iska, daga inda suke shiga cikin gidajen mutane.
A bakin ƙofar gidan da aka tanada, gizo-gizo ya shimfiɗa raga na zaren haɗe mai rikitarwa. A ciki, tana yin kama, an rataya cocoons 2-4 tare da ƙwai daga yanar gizo. Kusa da yanar gizo farautar farauta mai tsari mara tsari. Snipe farauta ya bambanta da sauran maɓuɓɓuka yayin da babu keɓaɓɓun kewaye.
Gizo-gizo da sauri, bayan kwanaki 10-15, dangane da yanayin yanayi, an haife su, amma sun kasance a cikin dumi mai dumi, kada ku bar mafaka. Kokon da mace ta saka zai ba su damar tserewa daga sanyi kuma su rayu cikin watanni na hunturu. Na farko, 'ya'yan karakurt suna cin abinci a kan ajiyar halitta, waɗanda aka sanya su a jikinsu lokacin haihuwa, to, don su miƙa har zuwa bazara mai zuwa, suna canzawa zuwa cin naman mutane.
Bayan haka, ta hanyar zaɓi na ɗabi'a na mutane masu ƙarfi, ba duka aka zaɓa ba, gizo-gizo ne kawai ya tsira daga gwajin. A lokacin kaka, gusts na iska sun katse koko daga cob ɗin, suka bazu a kan tudu da hamada. Yanayi da kanta yana ba da gudummawa ga faɗakar da mazaunin gizo-gizo, yana aika su cikin tafiya.
Ba duk mata ba ne ke iya rayuwa a lokacin hunturu, galibi gizo-gizo yana mutuwa, kasancewar ya ɗan tsira daga maza da aka cinye. Don haka, rayuwar karakurt ta kusan shekara guda. Amma a cikin yanayi mai dumi, tsawon rai yana ƙaruwa sosai. Tare da nasarar hunturu, gizo-gizo yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 5.
Amma ko da a yankuna masu sanyin hunturu, yawan haihuwa da saurin ci gaban zuriya suna ba da damar adana daidaituwar yawan jama'a, wani lokacin kuma ƙara ta. Ruwan bazara, kusan tsakiyar watan Afrilu, yana ƙarfafa ɗiyas kan barin cocoons.
Karakurt suna da yawan gaske, suna ninka cikin dubbai a kowace shekara.
Gizo-gizo tare da ragowar dunƙuran gizo-gizo iska tana busa ta. Dole ne yaran su shiga matakan ci gaba, don samun ƙarfi. Sai a tsakiyar watan Yuni ne sabon ƙarni zai zama balagagge, mai iya ci gaba da haifuwa, idan rayuwar garken gizo-gizo ba ta katsewa ta hanyar garken tumaki, aladu, waɗanda kawai suka tattake su.
Ci gaban gizo-gizo yana wucewa ta matakai da yawa. Bawon chitin baya bada damar ci gaba har sai da narkakken na gaba ya auku sannan kuma aka samar da sabon, babban murfi. Maza suna rayuwa cikin zubi bakwai, mata tara.
Shekaru aru-aru, karakurt yana cikin gwagwarmaya don rayuwa, yana dacewa da sababbin wurare. Ikon bambance mazaunin mai dafi daga dangi ya ba mutum damar tarwatsa shi ta hanyar lumana, ba tare da cutarwa ga ɓangarorin biyu ba.
