Admiral malam buɗe ido - wakilin Lepidoptera mai haske. Ana iya samun shi sau da yawa a gefunan gandun daji, a wuraren shakatawa na gari. Sunan Latin na wadannan nymphalids ba karamin dadi yake ba - Vanessa atalanta, bayanin kimiya a 1758 ya samu ne daga bahaushe dan asalin Sweden K. Linnaeus.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Admiral Butterfly
Masanan Lepidopterists, mutanen da suka sadaukar da rayuwarsu ga malam buɗe ido, galibi suna basu sunayen da ke hade da tatsuniyoyi. Kyawun mu ya samo sunan ta na Latin atalanta, wanda ya gaje shi daga diyar sarkin Arcadia, wanda iyayen da ke jiran haihuwar ɗansu suka jefa cikin daji, inda ta shayar da beyar.
Admirals na cikin dangin Vaness. Tare da sauran wakilan dangin nymphalid, ana alakanta shi da kasancewar goge a kan gajerun kafafu na gaba, ba su da fika, jijiyoyin fuka-fuki ba su da kauri. Ana kiran Lepidoptera na waɗannan kwari saboda fuka-fukan an lulluɓe su da sikeli, gashin da aka gyaru masu siffofi daban-daban. Ana sanya su tare da fikafikan a cikin layuka, kamar tayal, tare da tushe zuwa ga jiki, tare da gefen kyauta zuwa ƙarshen fikafikan. Flakes suna dauke da hatsin launuka masu alhakin launi.
Bidiyo: Admiral Butterfly
Wasu sikeli, waɗanda ake kira androconia, suna da alaƙa da gland wanda ke fitar da ƙamshi. Wannan shine yadda maza ke jan hankalin abokan su ta wari. Kamar kowane wakilin ƙungiyar, masu goyon baya sun bayyana ba da daɗewa ba, daga lokacin Tertiary. Fuka-fukan gaba na waɗannan vanessa sun fi na baya girma, suna haɗuwa da juna tare da taimakon birki mai ƙyama.Kamar yadda kowane mai kyan zuma, lokacin da aka buɗe, fikafikan admiral launuka ne masu haske; idan aka ninka, ƙananan ɓangaren farfajiyar yana kama da kamanni.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da aka ninka, manyan fenders na gaba suna wanzuwa a ciki, kuma saboda bayan baya, ana ganin bayin sama kawai.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Admiral Butterfly na Rasha
Fushin gaban yana auna 26-34.5 mm kuma yana da tsawon 50-65 mm. A saman sama baki ne, launin ruwan kasa mai launin velvety.
Halin halayyar fuka-fukan gaba:
- akwai karamin daraja a waje na ƙarshen;
- a saman, jere na farin tabo yana tafiya a layi daya zuwa gefen waje;
- dan kadan kusa da kai akwai faffada daya, madaidaiciya;
- mai lankwasa mai lankwasa, jan carmin-ja yana gudana a hankali.
Gyaran launi na baya:
- karamar carmine ja mai fadi tana gudana ta gefen kasa;
- akwai ɗigon baƙin a kowane ɗayan sassa biyar na mashaya mai haske;
- a cikin mafi kusurwar kusurwa zaka iya ganin speck mai shuɗi biyu tare da zane mai launin baki.
Hannun ruwa mai kauri, yanananɗa dukkan fukafukai huɗu. Surfaceasan ƙasa mai launi ne mai launi, amma mai daskararre ne. Fuka-fukan gaba na ado ne a saman sama, amma ba su da haske sosai, ana haɗa su da wurare masu ƙyalli kusan a tsakiyar gefen sama.
Launi na ƙananan fuskar fikafikan baya:
- asalin taba-mai launin toka-toka cike yake da baƙaƙen duhu, layuka masu duhu masu duhu, ƙananan da'ira, launuka masu ruwan toka;
- mafi girman wuri mai haske yana tsakiyar tsakiyar gefen babba.
Baya na jiki duhu ne, baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa, ciki ya kasance launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko launin taba. Nonuwan ya kasu kashi uku, kowane daya yana da gabobi biyu. Matsayin kayan aiki na baki ana yinsu ta proboscis. Idanuwan malam buɗe ido an rufe su da bristles kuma suna da tsari mai ƙyalli. Eriya suna kamar daddaɗaɗɗu a cikin ɓangaren sama; suna aiki ɗayan gabobin ji. tare da taimakonsu, nymphalids na iya ɗaukar ƙaramar rawar jiki a cikin iska, ji ƙanshin lafiya.
A ina ne mashawarcin malam buɗe ido yake zaune?
Hotuna: Admiral malam buɗe ido a Rasha
Yankin da ke rarraba Vanessa Atlanta ya fadada a Arewacin Hemisphere daga arewacin Kanada zuwa Guatemala - a yamma, daga Scandinavia zuwa ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, zuwa kudu zuwa Afirka, yankin arewacinsa, a gabashin China. Ana iya ganinsa a cikin Atlantic a Bermuda, Azores, Canary Islands, a cikin Pacific Ocean a Hawaii, da sauran tsibirai a cikin Caribbean. An kawo kwarin zuwa New Zealand kuma ta sake haihuwa a can.
Nymphalis ba zai iya rayuwa lokacin sanyi ba, amma yayin ƙaura ana iya samun sa daga tundra zuwa subtropics. Rashin jimrewar tsananin sanyi, kyawawan ƙawa suna ƙaura zuwa yankunan kudu, zuwa wurare masu dumi. Wannan Vanessa tana son gandun daji masu dausayi, dausayi, da ambaliyar ruwa, da lambuna tare da ban ruwa na yau da kullun. Wannan shine ɗayan butterflies na ƙarshe da za'a samo a arewacin Turai kafin lokacin sanyi. A cikin jeri na tsaunuka, yana iya rayuwa a tsawan mita 2700.
Menene babban malam buɗe ido yake ci?
Hotuna: Admiral Butterfly
Manya suna cin abinci akan fruitsa fruitsan itace, ana iya ganinsu akan gawa, suna son ruwan juiceamentedan da ke ofa fruitsan fruitsa fruitsan itace. Ruwan suga na sukari daga bishiyoyi da dusar tsuntsaye suma abinci ne. A ƙarshen lokacin rani, Vanessas ta zauna akan 'ya'yan itacen da ba su daɗe ba. Na furanni, idan babu wani abinci, sun fi son asteraceae, euphorbia, alfalfa, red clover.
Caterpillars suna cin ganyen kwari, gadaje bango, da sauran tsirrai daga dangin Urticaceae. Suna zaune a kan hops, tsire-tsire daga tsiron almara. Kayan baka na babban mutum na musamman ne. Proboscis mai taushi, kamar bazarar agogon ƙarfe, na iya buɗewa ya murɗe. Na'urar tafi-da-gidanka ce, ta roba ce kuma ta dace don sha ruwan tsirrai da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A ƙafafun gaba na ƙwaron akwai ƙwaƙƙwaran villi, waɗanda aka wadata su da ɗanɗano, babban adali ya cire "gwajin" na farko ta hanyar zama akan 'ya'yan itace ko itace.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Admiral Butterfly daga Rasha
Kwaro mai fuka-fukai yana da saurin tashi da sauri, saurin zai iya kaiwa kilomita 15 / h. Yin ƙaura, babban jami'in ya yi tafiya mai nisa, kuma don kar ya ɓata ƙarfi da yawa, sai ya hau sama ya tashi sama yana amfani da igiyoyin iska. Irin waɗannan jiragen na iya zama masu mahimmanci: daga wannan nahiya zuwa wata.
Butterflies na watannin hunturu, ya danganta da mazauninsu, suna bacci har zuwa lokacin bazara, suna bayyana da launi mai haske, amma ana ganin su suna jujjuyawa a ranakun hunturu mai sanyi a yankunan kudanci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kyakkyawan canza launin fuka-fuki ya zama dole ga Vanessa atlanta ta yadda mutane wannan jinsin zasu iya fahimtar juna daga nesa. Kusa da kusa, suna ganewa ta ƙanshin da androconia ke fitarwa.
Lokacin da wasu kwarin, suka buya a cikin rami a cikin bawo ko ganye, suka yi barci, wasu kuma sukan tashi kan tafiya zuwa yankuna masu dumi kuma su kwana can. Don lokacin hunturu, mutanen Turai suna zaɓar arewacin Afirka, da Arewacin Amurka - tsibirin Atlantic. Misalan da suka rage lokacin sanyi ba koyaushe suke rayuwa ba har zuwa bazara, duk da haka, kamar waɗanda ke yin ƙaura mai haɗari mai nisa. Lokaci na jirgin na iya zama daban, ya danganta da mazaunin: daga farkon Mayu-Yuni zuwa Satumba-Oktoba.
Gaskiyar wasa: Waɗannan nymphalids suna da hangen nesa na launi, duba: rawaya, kore, shuɗi da indigo. Tunda masu yin ado ba su da launuka masu launi na gefe, ba za su iya ganin tabarau na launin ruwan lemo-ja ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Admiral Butterfly Rasha
Admirals halittu ne tare da cikakkiyar canji, suna tafiya cikin dukkan matakai daga kwai zuwa tsutsa, wanda ya juye zuwa ja, sannan kuma aka sake haifarsa cikin imago. Kafin saduwa, maza suna ci gaba da kula da zaɓaɓɓu, a lokaci guda suna nuni da harin abokan hamayya. Suna yawo a cikin yankin su har sau 30 a awa daya. A wannan lokacin, suna gudanar da ma'amala tare da wasu masu neman sau 10-15, irin wannan aikin yana ci gaba a cikin yini.
Yankin shafin, wanda yake a sifar m, yana da faɗi 2.5-7 m kuma tsawonsa ya kai 4-13. Lokacin da mai keta iyaka ya bayyana, namiji yakan kore shi, yana tashi tsaye don gajiyar abokan gaba. Bayan korar abokan gaba, mai shafin ya dawo yankinsa kuma ya ci gaba da sintiri. Kawai mutane masu tsananin ƙarfi suna iya cin nasarar mace don barin thea offspringan. Maza sukan zauna a wurare masu haske, masu hasken rana kuma suna jiran lokacin da mata suka tashi sama.
Gaskiyar wasa: Dangane da mazaunin, adon na iya samun zuriya ɗaya, biyu ko uku a kowace shekara.
Mata ne suka sanya kore, mai tsami, mai ƙwanƙwasa (kamar 0.8 mm) a saman ganyen tsiren abinci. Mako guda baya, bayan fitowar, girman ƙwayar tsirrai yakai 1,8 mm. Yayinda yake girma da zubi (kawai matakai 5 na ci gaba), tsayin jiki yana canzawa zuwa 2.5-3 cm, kuma launi shima yana canzawa. Zai iya zama ɗan ɗan bambanci, amma galibi galibi baƙi ne mai fari-dige a jiki.
Caterpillars suna da spines tare da m tushe, an shirya su a cikin annular hanya tare da sassan. Akwai layuka bakwai na ƙaya a jikin. A gefen bangarorin akwai tabon fari ko wuraren kirim. Abincin abincin kwari shine ganye, mafi yawan lokuta daga dangin nettle. Suna ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba a cikin faranti na takarda-rabi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da aka tayar da tsutsa a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban, a yanayin zafi na kusan 32 °, lokacin aikin ɗalibin ya ɗauki kwanaki 6. A 11-18 ° wannan lokacin ya faɗaɗa kuma ya kai kwanaki 47-82. A cikin yanayi mai dumi, pupae da malam buɗe ido waɗanda suka fito daga gare su sun kasance masu haske.
A karshen matakin karshe, kwari ya daina ciyarwa. Lokacin gina gida don matakin rayuwa na gaba, tana cin ƙasan ganye, amma tana barin tsinkaye, tana ninka shi biyu tana manna gefuna. Gidan ya rataya sako-sako akan jijiyoyin, a ciki akwai rubutu mara kyau, pupa mai ruwan toka tare da gajerun kashin baya da zinaren zinariya yana juye. Girmansa kusan 2.2 cm.
Abokan gaba na mashawarcin mashawarta
Hotuna: Admiral Butterfly
Saboda rashin daidaituwa, saurin jujjuyawar, wadannan halittun masu fuka-fukai suna da wahalar kamawa, tunda ba zai yuwu a hango inda zasu kaita jirgin ba nan gaba. Mashawarta masu haske suna da aminci sosai kuma suna iya zama a kan miƙa hannun. Lokacin da fikafikan suka dunkule, sannan a bayan bangon bawon bishiyoyi, inda suke ɓoye don barci, yana da wuya a lura da su. Suna samun wadatar jiki lokacin da suka sha ruwan nectar ko kuma suka zama masu saurin yin bacci.
Tsuntsaye sune manyan abokan gaban manya, kodayake wasu suna firgita da launuka masu haske. Daga cikin waɗanda har yanzu ke farautar butterflies masu tashi akwai jemage. Bayyanannun alamun larvae yana tsoratar da mutane da yawa waɗanda suke son ci. A cikin dukkan tsuntsayen, wataƙila cukwiƙ ne kawai ke fuskantar sauƙin sarrafa abincinsu da kwari. Hakanan beraye sun haɗa da waɗannan lepidopterans a cikin abincin su, ba tare da la'akari da matakin ci gaba ba. Amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe na nau'ikan halittu suna farautar Vanessa Atlanta da larvae. Caterpillars suna da abokan gaba.
Wakilan zasu iya cinye su:
- coleoptera;
- gizo-gizo;
- mazari;
- wasps;
- yin addua;
- tururuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Red Admiral Butterfly
Babban mashawarcin mashahurin ya mallaki yanki da yawa a yankin Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Arewacin Afirka, da Gabashin Asiya. Babu abin da ke tsoratar da wannan nau'in a nan. Kyakkyawan kiyayewa a cikin mazaunin yana sauƙaƙa ta: yanayin ƙaura na rayuwar kwari, daidaitawa zuwa yanayin yanayin zafin jiki daban-daban. Idan da wani dalili, alal misali, saboda sanyin hunturu, wani yanki na yawan mutanen ya mutu, to daidaikun mutanen da ke yin kaura daga yankuna masu dumi sun ɗauki matsayinsa.
A cikin Rasha, ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin gandun daji na tsakiyar Turai, Karelia, Caucasus, da Urals. A cikin 1997, waɗannan Lepidoptera sun kasance cikin Littafin Rubutun Bayanai na Tarayyar Rasha. Ba da daɗewa ba yawan ya karu kuma an cire su daga jerin masu kariya. Kawai a cikin yankin Smolensk. suna da rukuni na hudu, matsayin raguwa amma ba adadi ba kasada.
Sakamakon mummunan sakamako ga Vanessa Atlanta, duk da haka, da kuma rayayyun halittu, sune:
- gandun daji;
- fadada filayen noma ta hanyar noman makiyaya;
- amfani da sinadarai don maganin ciyayi.
Ta hanyar kiyaye dazuzzuka da makiyaya masu ambaliyar ruwa, yanayi mai kyau don rayuwar nymphalids, yana yiwuwa a kula da yawan mutane ba canzawa. Admiral malam buɗe ido - daya daga cikin kyawawan halittu a duniyar mu. Yanayin mummunan yanayin Rasha ba shi da wadataccen haske a cikin malam buɗe ido, Vanessa atalanta na ɗaya daga cikinsu. Daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka, tana faranta ido, tana jujjuyawa daga fure zuwa fure. Kwarin da ba shi da illa ba zai cutar da shuke-shuke da aka noma ba, sabili da haka, idan ka ga wata kwari mai gashin kai a kan raga, to kada ka yi sauri ka murkushe ta.
Ranar bugawa: 22.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 17.09.2019 a 20:50
