Wurin beyar - tsaunukan Himalayan, sun ba wa dabbobi suna, amma a yau sun bazu zuwa wasu yankuna, kuma kusan ba su tsira a cikin tsaunuka ba. Halin halayya da ban mamaki na wannan dabba da banbanci da sauran beyar shine farin wata ko launin rawaya a wuya da duhu, gashi mai haske a duk jiki.
Dole ne a kiyaye yawan jama'a da ƙaruwa, amma wasu matsaloli suna faruwa saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da abinci, haifuwa da rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi.
Bayani da fasali
Beyar tana rayuwa a cikin daji, saboda haka rigarsa mai kauri ce da lush, kuma a lokacin hunturu, iska tana bayyana a ƙarƙashin rigar. Wannan yana bawa dabbar damar kula da yanayin zafin jiki da kuma ɓoyewa a cikin rami cikin tsammanin bazara. A lokacin bazara, rigar takan zama sirara, ta yi haske, kuma suturar ƙasa ta ɓace kusan gaba ɗaya.
Dogaro da yankin da beyar ke zaune, suturar kuma na iya canza launi - daga baƙi zuwa ja. Himalayan beyar ya yi fice a tsakanin dabbobi masu jinsi iri daya da girmansa na ban mamaki, yanayin kunnuwa da tsarin kwanyar. Kunnuwan beyar sun zagaye, kuma bakin bakin yana da kaifi da kuma motsi. Dabbobi ba su da girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran beyar - matsakaicin nauyin namiji shi ne kilo 100 - 120.
Himalayan yana shafe lokaci mai tsawo a cikin bishiyoyi, inda yake hawa saboda godiya da ƙafafun gaban gaba masu kaifi da ƙafafu. Legsafafun baya baya aiki, suna ƙyale beyar kawai ta ci gaba da kasancewa a ƙasa, amma ba su da amfani ga hawa bishiyoyi.
Beyar tana amfani da gwanayen gaba don haƙa ƙasa, tana taushe haushi da kuma tushen tsire-tsire.
Masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun sanya jinsunan beran Himalayan a matsayin masu rauni kuma suna bukatar kariya. Farauta don ulu da gabobin dabbobi, da canje-canje a yankuna na halitta, ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa lambar ta ragu sosai.
Damuwa saboda canjin yanayi, sare bishiyoyi shine babban dalilin bacewar jinsin, amma masunta kuma ta bar babbar alama akan lambobin.
An sanar da farautar farautar ne saboda tafin hannu, gallbderder da fata, wadanda suke da tsada sosai. Bears da 'yan lambu ne suka hallaka su, saboda dabbar ta shiga cikin wuraren zama tana lalata yankunan noma.
Belar Himalayan masu ruwan kasa kuma an kare dabbobi masu fararen fata a China, Indiya, da kusan ko'ina cikin Japan da Rasha. A Rasha, akwai haramcin beyar farauta, kuma keta wannan hanin an hukunta shi sosai.
Shahararren Baloo daga Mowgli shima beran Himalayan ne
Fasali na bayyanar dabba:
- Jawo gajere ne kuma mai santsi. Godiya ga wannan tsarin, ana haskaka haske sosai daga gare ta, suturar tana haskakawa. Ba a samo ja ko launin ruwan kasa a cikin wannan nau'in ba;
- kunnuwa basa fita daidai gwargwado, kuma suna kama da kararrawa a cikin sura;
- a ƙarƙashin wuyansa, ulu an rina shi fari ko rawaya;
- wutsiyar tana da tsayi - kimanin santimita 11.
Himalayan bear a cikin hoton mafi yawanci yana da launi mai launi mai baƙar fata da rami mai halayya a wuya, amma wakilai daban-daban na jinsin na iya bambanta da halayen waje.
Ya banbanta da masu karbansa a tsarin kwanyar. Kasusuwan suna dunkulewa ta yadda kwanyar zata kasance da kyau, ƙananan muƙamuƙin ya isa sosai. Siffar halayyar mutum ita ce bayyananniyar fuska, wanda za a iya kwatanta shi da mutum. Wadannan dabbobin suna nuna motsin zuciyar su: motsa hanci da kunnuwa.
Himalayan bear yana da alamun fuska mai rai
Irin
Saboda canjin yanayi da yanayin farauta, black himalayan bear An gane shi azaman dabba mai haɗari Dole ne a kiyaye wannan nau'in da wasu wasu. Launin beyar na jinsi guda na iya bambanta dangane da mazaunin, amma akwai nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa a cikin dabbobin.
Ɓangaren duniya:
- laginer;
- thibetanus;
- ussuricus.
Tsibiri:
- mupinensis;
- formosanus;
- gedrosianus;
- japonicas
Hakanan zaka iya rarrabe nau'ikan jinsin Bear-Sloth, mai suna saboda yanayin halayyar lebban dabbar. Shaara girman shaggy, ƙaramin girma sune siffofin da whichan Sloth ya bambanta da sauran bears. Ba a “ɗora” rigar ɗin da kyau ba, don haka hasken ya ɓace. Ana samun bears mai ƙyama a cikin Rasha, a cikin fursunoni, da kuma yanayin yanayi a Indiya, Ceylon. Bears na narke abincin su tare da tururuwa da ƙananan kwari.
Beyar Himalayan ba duka ba ce mai duhu. Shortan gajeren Jawo na iya samun inuwa daban - datti - ja ko launin ruwan kasa - ja, launin ruwan kasa. Amma kowa yana da launin launin rawaya ko fari mai siffar jinjirin wata a kirjinsa, wanda kuma yake nuna rarraba dabbobi ba wai kawai ga jinsuna ba, har ma zuwa kananan kabilu ta wurin zama.
Jinsunan gedrosianus suna da matsayi na musamman. Yana zaune ne a cikin gandun daji masu bushewa, wanda ya bambanta shi da dutsen Himalayan ko Ussuri. Girman wannan dabbar yana da ƙanƙanci ƙwarai, kuma gashin yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko ja.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Himalayan beyar a babban yankin Yana ajiyewa a wurare masu yalwar ciyayi, kuma ba safai yake zama a ƙasan dutsen ba, musamman a lokacin sanyi. Da rana, waɗannan dabbobin suna aiki sosai kuma suna aiki sosai don neman abinci da mafi kyaun wurin zama, amma da dare za su iya shiga wuraren da mutane suke, suna ɓoye daga abokan gaba.
A Rasha Himalayan beyar yana zaune kawai a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, kuma wasu adadi kaɗan na mutane sun rayu a yanayi. Sauran mazaunin beyar: dutsen Himalayan da yankin da ke kusa da tsaunuka - a lokacin bazara dabbobi na hawa sama, amma a lokacin hunturu suna sauka suna shirya ramuka. Suna kuma rayuwa a tsibiran Japan - Shikoku da Honshu da Koriya.
Himalayan na iya zama a yankuna daban-daban, amma yankuna na hamada su ne mafi dacewa a gare su, kamar yadda gandun daji masu yawan gaske. A cikin ƙasar Rasha, kusan ba a taɓa samun beyar da fararen nono ba. A baya can, suna zaune a kwarin Primorsky Territory, amma a yau sauran dabbobin sun koma kan Kogin Koppi da kuma zuwa Dutsen Sikhote - Alin.
Suna kuma shirya dutsen, inda suke hutawa kuma suna bacci daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris. An shirya tsaren tsaf don sanya su dumi da kwanciyar hankali. Bears na Himalayan suna zaɓar wurare masu kyau - a cikin ramuka, kogwanni ko bishiyoyi masu rami. Idan beyar tana rayuwa a cikin duwatsu, to, an zaɓi wuri mafi haske da ɗumi don kogon.
Don hutawa, beyar Himalayan tana zaɓar wuraren buɗe rana
Bears yana da 'yan maƙiya. Damisa kawai ko fakitin kyarketai, wanda Himalayan ke ɓoyewa da sauri daga gare shi, na iya cutar da irin wannan babbar dabba. Suna kawo azaba ga bera da kwarkwata, matsakaita.
Kodayake mutum ba abokin gaba ba ne, yayin fuskantar beyar, bai kamata mutum ya yi ƙoƙari ya buge shi ba. Mai farautar na iya yin zafin rai ko jin tsoro ya gudu zuwa itacen. Amma koda kuwa Himalayan sun kasance masu kirki, bai kamata mutum ya sadu da shi ba, saboda a kowane lokaci bear na iya samun haɗari kuma zai yi hanzarin kare yankinsa, yana nuna duk halayen dabbar daji.
Kadaici, Himalayans kusan basa yawo cikin gandun daji da kwari, don haka mafi yawan lokuta mutane sukan hadu da dangin bear gaba ɗaya. Koda dabba daya tayi nesa da danginsu, to akwai yiwuwar dangin nata suna kusa. Kubiyoyi sun girma tare da iyayensu har zuwa shekaru 3.
Don hutawa ko kare kansu daga abokan gaba, bears suna zaune a kan manyan rassa, suna manne da bawon. Gaba ɗaya, waɗannan bears suna ɗaukar kusan 15% na rayukansu a cikin bishiyoyi. Ba kamar 'yan uwansu ba, beyar Himalayan ba ta yin bacci a lokacin sanyi, amma suna iya rage yanayin rayuwarsu kuma su dau lokaci su huta.
Gina Jiki
Ba kamar sauran manyan nau'in dabbobi masu cin nama irin su panda ko baƙar fata ta Amurka ba, babban himalayan bear zai iya samo wa kansa abinci mai dacewa kusan koyaushe, tunda ba'a iyakance shi da cin abincin dabbobi kawai ba.
Koyaya, don samun wadataccen abincin kalori da cikawa, har yanzu yana buƙatar samun adadin abinci - dabba ko kayan lambu. Belar Himalayan tana da komai.
Beyar na iya cin abincin dabbobi da na tsire.
Beyar tana iya farautar shanu da ƙaramin farauta, ya tattara gawar. Yana faɗaɗa menu nasa, yana debo fruitsa fruitsa da berriesa berriesan itace a lokacin dumi. Idan hunturu ta zo, beyar tana buya a kogon, amma kafin hakan tana bukatar sake cika wadatar abubuwan gina jiki.
Don yin wannan, zai iya kama kifi, ya tara shara daga ƙasa kuma ya sami 'ya'yan itacen da suka rage a kan daji. Ya kuma samo wasu nau'ikan goro - ƙanƙara da kwari a cikin ramin itace.
Masana ilmin namun daji sun danganta beran na Himalayan ga rukunin masu cin abincin, bisa la’akari da cewa har yanzu abincin dabbobi yana cin abincinsa. Beyar tana ƙoƙari ta sami abinci da yawa yadda zai yiwu kusa da hunturu don tara kitsen jiki da sauƙi jure sanyi.
Himalayan ya ci iri-iri, yana iya ci:
- samu gawa;
- qwai kaza;
- furanni;
- kwari da ke ɓoye a cikin bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire da suka rage.
A lokacin dumi, daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, Bears kuma suna cinye tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, gami da 'ya'yan itace. Bugu da ari, a tsayin lokacin bazara, bears suna ta kokarin hawa sama yadda ya kamata - sama da bishiyoyi don neman inabi, cones da ceri na tsuntsaye.
Idan duk wannan ba ta nan, suna samun kifin da ke mutuwa yayin zina. Amma kifi ba shine babban abincin abinci na Himalayan ba, yana da wuya ya fara farauta, saboda koyaushe yana samun abincin tsirrai ko na dabbobi.
Lokacin da babu isasshen abinci, beyar na iya kashe dabbobin da ba a san su ba. Beran farin-breasted yana farauta, yin amfani da laulayinsa da sauri karya wuyan abin ganinta. Ana iya raba manyan ganima tsakanin membobin beyar, amma galibi manya sukan sami abincinsu da kansu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Himalayan beyar a cikin littafin ja Rasha ta kasance cikin jerin sunayen na dogon lokaci, kuma masana na aiki don kara yawan mutane. Beran farin-breasted ya shiga aikin kiwo a lokacin bazara. Gabaɗaya, mace na iya haifar ɗiya ɗaya ko biyu.
Kowannensu ya kai nauyin gram 400. Kubiyoci suna girma a hankali kuma sun daɗe ba su da ƙarfi. A cikin wata guda har yanzu ba za su iya yin ba tare da iyayensu ba.
Bears da ke zaune a yankin Sikhote-Alin sun fara yin 'yar kaɗan, daga tsakiyar watan Yuni zuwa Agusta. Haihuwar Mazauna a watan Janairu, a cikin kogo. Bayan mace tayi ciki, sai tayi motsi kadan.
Zuwa Oktoba, girman mahaifa zai iya kaiwa zuwa santimita 22, kuma kafin Disamba amfrayo za su fara girma cikin sauri. Saukewa tsakanin haihuwa ta farko da ta biyu a cikin beyar yana ɗaukar shekaru biyu zuwa uku.
Kimanin kashi 14% na yawan adadin beyar Himalayan mata ne masu ciki. Jimlar lokacin haihuwa ya kai kwanaki 240. Tsarin haihuwa zai iya farawa tsakanin Janairu zuwa Maris.
Bayan haihuwar 'ya'yan, mahaifiyarsu ta fara barin kogon, amma a wannan lokacin tana da yawan rikici da kare jariranta. Idan akwai wani maƙiyi a kusa, beyar tana kwashe yaranta ta hau bishiya tana shagaltar da hankali ga kanta. Balaga a cikin jima'i yana faruwa ne kawai bayan shekaru uku bayan haihuwa.
'Ya'yan' ya'yan sun zama masu aiki a rana ta uku, sun buɗe idanunsu, sun fara motsawa a rana ta huɗu. A kan matsakaita, daga 1 zuwa 4 'ya'yan an lura a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. A watan Mayu, sun kai nauyin kilogram 2.5, kuma cikakken 'yancin kai yana faruwa ne kawai da shekaru 2-3. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, beyar suna kusa da iyayensu.
Himalayan bebi masu ɗauka suna aiki sosai
A cikin dukkanin nau'ikan beyar da ake da su, Himalayan kusan ba ya ficewa. Bambance-bambancen da ke sananne suna da alaƙa da salon rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki. Bears din Himalayan yana ɓoye daga haɗari a cikin bishiyoyi kuma yana cin dabbobi ba kawai, har ma yana shuka abinci, duk da matsayin mai farautar sa.
Yawan beyar Himalayan na bukatar a dawo da su, tunda tsarin haihuwa a cikin wadannan dabbobi a hankali yake - mace tana haihuwa sau daya ne kawai a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku, kuma za a iya haihuwar dan goyo daya. Waɗannan dabbobin suna buƙatar kariya da kariya daga halaka daga mafarauta da ƙirƙirar musu da yanayi mai kyau - kiyaye gandun daji.
