Dangi mafi kusa na mink na Turai sune weasels da ferrets. Saboda dumi da kyakkyawa mai kyau, wanda ya zo da launuka da launuka iri-iri, ana kiyaye shi akasari a cikin kewayon ja-da-kasa-kasa, yana da kyau a ɗauke shi ɗayan dabbobin masu daraja. Baya ga ire-iren daji, akwai kuma na gida, kuma yawancin masoya mink suna kiyaye waɗannan dabbobin ba a matsayin tushen fatu ba, amma kamar dabbobi.
Mink bayanin
Mink dabba ce mai cin nama ta dangin weasel, wanda ya kasance daga jinsin weasels da ferrets.... A cikin daji, ita, kamar wani dan uwanta - otter, tana jagorantar salon ruwa-na-ruwa kuma, kamar otter, tana da membobin ruwa a tsakanin yatsun ta.
Bayyanar
Wannan karamar dabba ce mai shayarwa, wacce girmanta bai wuce rabin mita ba, kuma nauyinsa bai kai kilogram daya ba. Mink yana da tsayayyen jiki mai sassauƙa, gajerun kafafu da gajere wutsiya. A matsakaita, tsawonsa daga 28 zuwa 43 cm, kuma nauyinsa daga 550 zuwa 800 gram. Tsawon wutsiyar mink na Turai zai iya kai kusan cm 20. Saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan dabbar tana jagorancin salon-ruwa na ruwa, ulu doesinta ba ta yin jike ko da a lokacin da aka daɗe a cikin ruwa. Yana da gajere, mai yawa kuma mai matuqar kyau, tare da kayan atamfa na arziki, wanda, kamar rumfa, mai hana ruwa ruwa. Fushin wannan dabba mai furushi koyaushe daidai yake da kauri kuma mai santsi: canjin yanayi kusan ba shi da tasiri a kan ingancinsa.
Shugaban mink na Turai ƙarami ne dangane da jiki, tare da kunkuntar da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya a saman. Kunnuwan da ke zagaye suna da ƙanƙan da har kusan ba za a iya ganin su ba a ƙarƙashin yashi mai kauri da gashi. Idanun ƙanana ne, amma a lokaci guda suna da ma'ana sosai, tare da wayar hannu da rai, kamar a cikin sauran kayan ado, kallo. Dangane da gaskiyar cewa mink yana jagorancin salon ruwa na ruwa, akwai membranan ninkaya a ƙafafunsa, waɗanda suka fi kyau ci gaba a ƙafafun kafa na dabba fiye da na gaba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mink na Turai na gida yana da fiye da bambancin 60 a cikin launi mai launin fata, gami da fari, shuɗi da lilac, waɗanda ba a samun su da mutanen da ke wannan nau'in. Masu kiwo, ta hanyar kwatankwacin inuwar duwatsu masu daraja da karafa, sun fito da sunaye kamar, alal misali, saffir, topaz, lu'u-lu'u, azurfa, ƙarfe, don bayyana launukan mink na gida.
Launi na mink daji ya fi na ɗabi'a: yana iya zama kowane ɗayan inuwar launuka masu launin ja, masu ɗaci ko masu ɗaci. An samo shi a cikin mazaunin daji da minks na launin ruwan kasa mai duhu har ma da kusan inuwar baƙi. Dukkanin masu aikin daji da na gida, ban da fararen dabbobi farare, galibi suna da alamomi farare waɗanda suke a kan kirji, ciki da kuma muzikin dabbar.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Mink na Turai an rarrabe shi ta wayar hannu da ɗabi'a mai kyau. Wannan mai farautar daga dangin weasel ya fi son yin rayuwa ta kadaici, tare da zama a wani yanki da ke mamaye hekta 15-20. Yawanci yana aiki cikin duhu, farawa daga magariba, amma kuma yana iya farauta da rana. Duk da cewa mink ana ɗaukarsa dabba ce ta ruwa-ruwa, har yanzu yana ba da mafi yawan lokaci a bakin tekun, daga inda yake neman yiwuwar farauta.
A lokacin rani, lokacin da akwai abinci mai yawa, yana tafiyar kusan kilomita, amma a lokacin sanyi, lokacin rashin abinci, zai iya rufe nisan sau biyu... A lokaci guda, sau da yawa yakan katse hanyarta, ya rage ta ta hanyar ruwa a cikin buɗaɗɗu da kuma shawo kan wani ɓangare na hanyar ƙarƙashin ruwa, ko ta hanyar tafiya tare da ramuka da aka haƙa ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Mink kyakkyawan gwanin ninkaya ne kuma mai nutsewa.
A cikin ruwa, yana rakes tare da duk ƙafafun huɗu a lokaci guda, wanda shine dalilin da yasa motsinsa ba su da daidaito: da alama dabbar tana motsi a cikin jerks. Mink ba ya jin tsoron halin yanzu: ba cikas ba ce a gare shi, tunda kusan ba haka ba, ban da na yanzu a cikin koguna masu sauri, ba ya ɗaukar shi kuma ba ya ɓatar da shi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mink ba kawai iyo kawai yake yi ba kuma ya nutse da kyau, amma kuma yana iya tafiya tare da kasan tafkin, yana manne da kasa mara kyau tare da farata a kan tafukan ta.
Amma ba ta gudu ta hau sosai. Don haka, alal misali, haɗari ne kawai, kamar mai farauta ba zato ba tsammani ya bayyana a kusa, zai iya tilasta mink ya hau kan bishiya. Tana yin rami da kanta, ko kuma ta mamaye waɗanda waɗanda muskrats ko ɓerayen ruwa suka watsar. Tana iya sauka a cikin fasa da ɓacin rai a cikin ƙasa, a cikin ramuka da ba shi da tsawo daga saman duniya, ko kuma tsibirin ciyawar.
A lokaci guda, mink din yana amfani da madawwami gidaje fiye da sauran dabbobi daga dangin weasel, wanda ya samo sunan shi. Ramin nata ba shi da zurfi, ya ƙunshi falo, ƙofofi biyu da ɗakin da aka keɓe don banɗaki. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, fita ɗaya ya kai ga ruwa, na biyun kuma ana ɗauke shi zuwa cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa na bakin teku. Babban ɗakin an rufe shi da ciyawar bushe, ganye, gansakuka ko gashin tsuntsu.
Mink nawa ne yake rayuwa
Barorin Turai, da ke rayuwa a cikin daji, suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 9-10, amma danginsu na gida suna da shekaru 15 zuwa 18, wanda ba shi da gajarta sosai ga dabba mai farauta.
Jima'i dimorphism
Kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, yanayin jima'i a cikin minks ana bayyana shi da cewa maza sun fi mata girma da ɗan bambanci. Bambanci a launi ko cikin wani, banda girma, siffofin waje, a cikin wakilan jinsi daban-daban basu da mahimmanci kuma, mai yiwuwa, sun dogara da abubuwan gado.
Wurin zama, mazauni
A kwanakin baya-bayan nan, Turawan Turai sun rayu a cikin babban yanki wanda ya faro daga Finland zuwa tsaunukan Ural. Daga kudu, ya yi iyaka da tsaunukan Caucasus da Pyrenees a arewacin Spain. Zuwa yamma, zangon wannan nau'in ya fadada zuwa Faransa da gabashin Spain. Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa an dade ana farautar fararen hula, wanda ya zama ya zama babba a cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata, yawansu ya ragu sosai, kuma zangon, wanda ya kasance yana shimfidawa azaman ci gaba mai fadi daga yamma zuwa gabas, ya taƙaita zuwa tsibirai daban-daban har yanzu ana samun su wadannan kunyas.
A yanzu, turawan Turai suna zaune a arewacin Spain, yammacin Faransa, Romania, Ukraine da Russia. Bugu da ƙari, a kan yankin ƙasarmu, yawancin mutane da yawa suna zaune a yankin Vologda, Arkhangelsk da Tver. Amma har ma a can, baƙon Turai ba zai iya samun kwanciyar hankali ba saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin mazaunansu, ƙaramin Amurka yana ƙara samun - babban abokin hamayya da mai gasa, yana kore shi daga mazauninsa na asali.
Mink na Turai yana zaune kusa da ruwa, musamman yana son zaɓar rafuka tare da bankunan masu laushi waɗanda suka cika da shuke-shuke masu alder da ciyayi, da kogunan daji da ke kwarara cikin annashuwa da yalwar ciyawar bakin teku a matsayin mazauninsu, yayin da wuya ya sauka kan manyan koguna masu faɗi. Amma kuma yana iya zama a yankin mai tudu, inda yake yawan sauka a gabar tafkuna, kududdufai, fadama, kogin shanu da kuma wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye. Hakanan yana faruwa a cikin tsaunuka, inda yake zaune akan rafin tsaunuka masu sauri tare da bankunan da ke da gandun daji.
Abincin mink na Turai
Mink dabba ce mai farauta, kuma abincin dabbobi ne wanda ke taka rawa a cikin abincin sa.... A cikin ruwa, tana iya kama ƙananan kifi da ƙwarewa, wanda ya zama babban ɓangaren abincin dabbobin. A bakin teku yana farautar ƙananan beraye, kwadi, ƙananan macizai, da kuma wasu lokuta - da tsuntsaye. Ba ya ƙyamar ƙwarjin kwadi da tadpoles, kifin kifi, da ruwan kwalliya da ma kwari. Minks da ke zaune kusa da ƙauyuka na iya farautar kaji wani lokacin, kuma a lokacin rashin abinci na lokacin sanyi suna ɗibar sharar abinci kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kafin farawar yanayin sanyi, wannan dabbar ta fi so ta tanada rumbunan ajiyar dabbobi a cikin burarsa ko kuma "kayan abinci" na musamman. Sau da yawa kuma da yardar rai tana sake cika waɗannan ajiyar, don haka da wuya ya zo yajin aikin tilasta yunwa a cikin minks.
Sabanin yawancin masu cin nama waɗanda ke son nama "tare da ƙanshi", Turawan Turai sun fi son cin sabo. Wani lokacin ma tana iya jin yunwa kwanaki da yawa a da, saboda rashin wani abu, ta fara cin rubabben nama.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin saduwa a cikin mink na Turai yana ɗauka ne daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu, yayin da yaƙe-yaƙe sau da yawa ke faruwa tsakanin maza, tare da hayaniyar kishiyoyi. Dangane da cewa lokacin saduwa ya fara tun ma kafin dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a mafi yawancin kewayon, wuraren da ake yin rawar mink suna bayyane a bayyane saboda hanyoyin da mata suka taka a gefen tekun, waɗanda ake kira da igiyoyin ruwa. Bayan saduwa, maza da mata kowannensu ya tashi zuwa yankinsa kuma idan hanyoyinsu kafin rutuna na gaba sun sake haɗuwa, to sai kawai kwatsam.
Ciki yana kasancewa daga kwana 40 zuwa 43 kuma ya ƙare da foura foura huɗu ko biyar, kodayake, a zahiri, ana iya samun daga biyu zuwa bakwai. Ana haihuwar jarirai makafi kuma marasa ƙarfi, mace tana ciyar dasu da madara har zuwa makonni 10. A wannan lokacin, matasa masu farauta suna fara farauta tare da mahaifiyarsu da kaɗan kaɗan, kuma cikin makonni 12 suka zama masu 'yanci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Duk da cewa minks ba su da alaƙa da dangin canine, yaransu, da jariran wasu kayan kwalliya, yawanci ana kiransu kwikwiyo.
Har zuwa farkon kaka, dangi suna zama tare, bayan haka kuma manyan yaran suna zuwa neman yankunan da suka dace da su. Balaga tsakanin jima'i a cikin minks yana faruwa kusan watanni 10.
Makiya na halitta
Babban abokan gaba na ministocin Turai guda biyu ne: otter da danginsu, baƙon Amurka, an kawo su zuwa yankin Rasha kuma kusan ko'ina sun fara zalunci har ma da lalata ƙananan "Turawa".
Kari akan haka, cututtuka, galibi cututtukan parasitic, wanda maƙera Amurkawa suke ɗauka da ɗauke da su, suna da haɗari ga mink na Turai. Hakanan za'a iya rarraba Ferrets, gaggafa na zinariya, manyan mujiya da dawakai a matsayin abokan gaba na mink.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A halin yanzu, ana tunanin ɗan ƙaramin Turai yana gab da halaka kuma an lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Ja. Babban dalilan raguwar wannan nau'in, a cewar masana kimiyya, sune:
- Asarar muhalli saboda ayyukan ɗan adam.
- Farauta.
- Rage yawan ruwan ɓawon burodin da ke shiga tushen abinci na mink.
- Gasa tare da mink na Amurka da cututtukan cututtukan da take ɗauke da su.
- Haɗuwa tare da ferret, wanda yawanci yakan faru inda adadin minks ya riga ya ƙasa, don haka ba koyaushe ake samun abokin zama tsakanin wakilan jinsinsu ba. Matsalar ita ce, duk da cewa jinsin mata na iya haifuwa, mazan da ke gicciye tsakanin ferret da mink bakararre ne, wanda hakan zai haifar da raguwar maƙasudin nau'in.
- Inara yawan masu farautar halittu, musamman dawakai.
Duk wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa Turawan Turai waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin daji a zahiri suna gab da halaka.... Sabili da haka, a yawancin ƙasashe inda har yanzu ake samun waɗannan dabbobi, ana ɗaukar matakai don adana ɗimbin haihuwa da ƙara yawan su. Saboda wannan, tare da sanya ido akai-akai game da yawan minks, matakan kamar maido da wuraren zama, ƙirƙirar adadin jama'a har ma da shirye-shirye don kiyaye kwayar halittar, wanda wasu adadin mutanen da aka kama a cikin daji ana kiyaye su kuma a keɓe su a cikin fursuna idan halakar ta ƙarshe a muhallinsu. mazaunin zama.
Shekaru aru-aru, mutane sun yi amfani da mink na Turai kawai ta mahangar mabukaci wanda kawai ke sha'awar danshi mai dumi, mai kauri da kyau, yayin da gaba daya ya manta da farautar da ba ta da iko da lalata wuraren da waɗannan dabbobin ke rayuwa a cikin daji, da abin da ya faru. ƙarshen gabatarwar mink na Amurka ba makawa zai haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a.
Sun fahimci wannan ƙarshen, tuni lokacin da daga tsoffin wuraren zama na Turai mink akwai ƙananan tsibirai, inda har yanzu ana samun waɗannan dabbobin. Matakan kariyar dabbobin da aka karba da nufin kara lamba da kuma adana kwayar halittar mink na Turai, duk da cewa ba shi da muhimmanci, sun inganta halin da ake ciki, don haka wannan nau'in weasel din yana da damar ba kawai don ya rayu ba, har ma ya sake zama a duk wuraren da yake da shi.
