Tiger Ussurian, wanda aka fi sani da Amur, Koriya, Siberian, Far Eastern, Altai, shine mafi girma da ƙarami nau'in damisa. Wannan kyakkyawan mutumin, sai dai kash, ya bace. A cikin Rasha, a hanya, an kira shi babr (farkon sunan yana da kalmar Yakut "baabyr").
Dambar Amur tana bugawa a cikin sifofinta. Ya ma fi zaki girma a girma. Nauyin Tiger Ussuri ya kai kilogiram 300 da ƙari. A cikin wallafe-wallafe, an ambaci maza har zuwa 390 kg. Jikin yana da tsayin cm 160 zuwa 290.
Maza sun fi mata girma. Wutsiya ce kawai zata iya kaiwa cm 110. A lokaci guda, dabbar tana motsawa cikin mamaki da nutsuwa kuma tana al'ajabi da falalar da baza ta iya canzawa ba. Sirrin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin kushin na musamman a kan layu.
Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa har ma da mafi girman maza a cikin damisar Ussuri ta yau har yanzu basu kai girman kakanninsu ba. Kakanninsu da kakanninsu na iya ɗaukar nauyin kilogram 230. Yanzu masu farauta suna karami, yayin da suke ci gaba da jagora a cikin masu girma.
Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa damisa ta zama karama saboda tsangwama da yanayin mutum. Taiga ana yanke ta sosai. Abincin dabbobin ya ragu, kuma abinci ya zama da wahalar samu. Mata suna da nauyi sosai - har zuwa kilogiram 120.
Tsawon rayuwarsu ya fi na maza gajarta. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa mace ce ita kaɗai ke aiwatar da dukkan ayyukan iyaye. Tana kiwon zuriya, tana koyarwa, tana ciyar dasu. A lokaci guda, damisa ba ta shiga cikin tarbiya kwata-kwata.
Kwanan nan, manyan damisa na Bengal sun bayyana a gidajen zoo a Indiya. A gare su kawai damisar Ussuri wani lokacin takan rasa girmanta. A dabi'a, ya kasance babban wakili na babban dangi.
Tiger Ussuri a hoto - kyakkyawan mutum. Wadannan dabbobin suna da ban mamaki a cikin halaye na zahiri. Sun zama alama ce ta ƙarfi, juriya. Damisa na iya jan gawar wata barewa da aka kashe tsawon rabin kilomita a ƙasa.
Bayani da fasali
Wannan katuwar kifin daji tayi kyau sosai. Jikin sassauƙa an ƙawata shi da jituwa tare da ratsi mai haske. Kan yana da kyau, zagaye, tare da ƙananan kunnuwa masu kyau. Damisa tana da launi mai kyau da kyau. Yana da ƙarfi da sauri. Iya isa zuwa gudu zuwa 80 km / h, kuma a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Cheetah ce kawai tafi wannan kyakkyawan mutumin saurin.
Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan kawai suna da 5 cm na kitse mai ciki. Yana dogara kare da sanyi, iska mai sanyi. Jiki yana da sassauƙa, tsawaita, tare da mai iko zagaye mai ƙarfi, ƙafafu gajere ne. Doguwar wutsiya tana ado da dabba kuma tana taimakawa da motsi. Saboda mazaunin zama a cikin yanayin sanyi, macizan gajere ne.
Dabba yana iya rarrabe launuka, yana gani daidai da dare. Yana da manyan hakora 30 masu kaifi waɗanda ke ba da damar koda babban beyar nan take ya cinye ta cikin wuyan mahaifa. Claafatattun farcen hannu suna taimakawa wajen riƙewa da tsaga ganima, tsalle bishiyoyi cikin saurin walƙiya.
Ulu ɗin wannan mazaunin sanyi taiga yana da dumi sosai, mai kauri, kuma yana da launi mai haske fiye da na dangin da ke zaune a yankuna masu dumi. Audugar lemu ne. Ciki, kirji da kuma gefen gobara suna fari. A fuska, ratsiyoyin suna canzawa zuwa daidaitattun kyawawan tabo.
Tiger Ussuri - dabba tare da kyakkyawar gashi. A gefunan, baya mai karfi, an kawata jan baya da ratsiyoyi masu duhu. Kowane damisa yana da fasali iri na daban. Ba zaku iya samun dabbobi biyu da suke da tsari iri ɗaya ba. Duk da cewa inuwar suturar tana da haske sosai, ratsi yana ɓoye mai farautar da kyau. Sau da yawa, wanda aka azabtar na gaba zai same shi ne kawai a gaban hanci.
Tigin Amur Ussuri wata taska ce ta ainihin tauna fauna na Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa tsawon lokaci jama'ar da ke zaune a nan suna yi masa sujada kuma sun ba shi ikon sihiri. Yanzu wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa tana ƙawata rigunan makamai na Yankin Primorsky da alamomin sanarwa na yankunanta.
Duk da karfin, wannan dabbar tana da rauni sosai. Ya dogara ne kacokan da yawan dabbobi da yake farauta. Mafi yawan taiga an yanke shi, da karancin damar rayuwa Amer damisa.
Akwai tigers iri shida gaba ɗaya. Mafi girman su shine na Amur. Wannan ita ce mafi girma cat a duniyar mu mai ban mamaki. Yana da al'ada a duniya don kiran wannan nau'in Amur.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Yanayin rayuwa iri daya ne da na yawancin felines - kadai. Tiger Ussuri yana rayuwa a kan iyakarta kuma yayi ƙoƙari kar ya barshi. Don neman abinci, yana iya yin miƙa mulki zuwa nesa mai nisa.
Damisa tana nuna iyakar ƙasarta da fitsari. Hakanan yana iya tatto ƙasa, yage bawon bishiyoyi. Ta tsayin daka wanda aka bare bawon bishiyar, zaka iya fahimtar yadda tsayin dabba yake. Baƙi suna jin tsoro tare da ruri. Yaƙe-yaƙe a kan ƙasa ba safai ba ne.
Mafi yawanci damisa takan yi shiru. Gabaɗaya, an rarrabe shi da yin shiru. Masana ilmin dabbobi a wasu lokuta basa jin kararsu tsawon shekaru, duk da lura da akai. Ana iya jin amo a lokacin rutting. Mata na yawan ruri. Arar da wani mai farauta ya fusata, yayi shuru, cikin fushi yana kama da tari. Idan dabbar tana cikin yanayi mai kyau, sai ya tsarkaka.
Mafi yawan jama'a suna zaune a yankin kudu maso gabashin Rasha. Har yanzu ana iya samun su a bankunan Amur da Ussuri (Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territories). Ana kuma samun su a cikin tsaunukan Sikhote-Alin (Primorsky Territory, Gundumar Lazovsky). Wannan karamin yankin gida ne na kowace damisa ta shida.
A cikin 2003, yawancin mafarautan an same su a tsaunin Sikhote-Alin (Primorsky Territory). Lokacin zabar wurin zama, Amur damisa yana la'akari da babban mahimmanci - ko akwai artiodactyls na daji a wannan yankin. Idan sun bace, ko kuma yawansu ya ragu, to damisa tana cikin yunwa.
Hakanan, yayin zabar wurin zama, ana yin la'akari dashi ko akwai matsuguni na halitta, menene matsakaicin tsayin dusar ƙanƙara a yankin da aka bayar. Tigers suna son ɓoyewa a cikin daji, a cikin ƙirar halitta. Don rayuwa, sun zaɓi:
- kwarin kwari;
- duwatsu sun cika da dazuzzuka daji;
- itacen al'ul;
- sakandare na biyu;
- saƙar zuma tare da fifikon itacen al'ul, itacen oak.
Abun takaici, a yanzu kusan mutane sun fatattaki damisa daga cikin filayen. Waɗannan yankuna an daɗe suna haɓaka don noma. Sai kawai wani lokacin, cikin yunwa, tsananin damuna, damisa na iya bincika ɓataccen dukiyar don neman abinci mai mahimmanci.
Ana iya kiran wannan kyakkyawan mutum ubangijin babban yanki. Kadarorin maza - har zuwa kilomita 800², na mata - har zuwa 500 km². Suna yiwa yankin alama tare da taimakon wani sirri na musamman, kuma suna barin manyan ƙira akan bishiyoyi.
Dabbobi kusan basa barin mazauninsu idan suna da wadataccen abinci. Idan babu wasa kadan, mai farauta zai iya kaiwa dabbobin gida, shanu. Ana farauta mafi yawa da dare.
Damisa ba ta shiga cikin girman kai kamar zaki. Maza sun fi son wanzuwar kaɗaici, kuma mata sukan taru a cikin rukuni. Maza na iya ba da damar mace da jarirai su zauna a yankin su. Damisar Amur na iya tafiya har zuwa kilomita 41 don neman abinci. Ana samun 10% na yawan jama'a a China. Waɗannan mutane ne kawai 40-50.
Anan suka zauna a Manchuria. Don gaishewa, masu farauta suna amfani da sautunan da iska mai kaifi ke fitarwa ta baki da hanci. Suna kuma taɓa kawunansu, muzzles, suna iya ma shafa gefensu. Wannan dabbar ta fi son ta guji mutane. Idan damisa ta zo kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, to halin da ake ciki na abinci yana da muni ƙwarai. Dabba tana fama da yunwa.
Gina Jiki
Tigers sun mamaye saman dala na abinci. Waɗannan masu farautar gaske ne waɗanda ba lallai ne su ji tsoron komai ba, sai dai watakila yunwa. Suna zaune ne a cikin tsarin abinci na musamman wanda ya bunkasa a yankin Ussuri taiga. Girman yawan damisa kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin yanayi a cikin Far East.
Wannan mai farauta ba ya cin komai sai nama. Hungeraramar yunwa ce kawai zata iya sa shi ya ci ɗan itacen da yake girma a cikin taiga. Ya fi son ganima. A tsakiyar abincinsa akwai boar daji, artiodactyls na daji.
Adadin namun daji ya dogara da yawan kwayar tsamiya ta lalace. A cikin shekarun yunwa, waɗannan dabbobin sun zama ƙarami sosai, wanda damisa ke wahala daga gare su. Ba don komai ba itacen al'ul a cikin taiga ana ɗaukarsa itace mai ba da abinci. Af, damisa ba ta taɓa kashe ganima. Suna yin farauta ne kawai lokacin da suke cikin yunwa da gaske. Mafarauta ba sa kashe rai don rashin nishaɗi ko don raha.
Farauta na ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kuma yana ɗaukar kuzari sosai. Kawai kowane yunƙurin kawo hari na goma yana cin nasara. Damisa a hankali tana rarrafe zuwa ga wanda aka azabtar. Yana lanƙwasa bayansa, kuma ya kwantar da ƙafafun bayansa a ƙasa. Ga kananan dabbobi, nan da nan mai farautar yana cizon makogwaro, kuma ya rurrushe manyan dabbobi, sannan yana cizon kashin wuyansa. Wannan mai farautar yana buƙatar kusan kilogiram 20 na sabo nama kowace rana.
Idan harin bai yi nasara ba, dabbar ta bar wanda aka azabtar shi kadai. Maimaita hare-hare ba safai ba. Ya fi so ya jawo ganima zuwa ruwa. Ragowar abincin an ɓoye. Sau da yawa akan sami masu fafatawa waɗanda dole ne a kore su.
Yana ciyarwa akan kwanciya. Yana riƙe ganima tare da ƙafa. Ana farautar farauta ne a kan marasa kulawa. A rashin su, hatta kifi, beraye, tsuntsaye, kwaɗi suna zuwa abinci. A lokacin yunwa, ana amfani da thea fruitsan kowane irin tsire-tsire.
Babban ɓangaren abincin shine jan barewa, barewa (ja ko tabo), boar daji, barewa, lynx, elk, ƙananan jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yawan cin naman yau da kullun kilogram 9-10 ne. Predaya daga cikin masu farautar yana buƙatar har zuwa artiodactyls 70 a kowace shekara.
Idan damisa tana da isasshen abinci, zai zama musamman mai danshi, babba. Subcutaneous kitse ya kai kaurin 5-6 cm. Godiya ga shi, ba wai kawai zai iya iya kwana cikin dusar ƙanƙara ba, amma zai iya yin yunwa na kusan mako guda ba tare da cutar da lafiyarsa ba. A lokacin hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara, lokacin da abinci ke ƙaranci, damisa na tsananin yunwa. Akwai ma barazanar mutuwa daga tsananin gajiya.
Damisa ta Amur ba safai ake ganin sa kusa da gidajen mutane ba. A cikin shekaru 70 da suka gabata, sau goma kawai aka yi ƙoƙari don kai hari ga mutane an rubuta su a cikin gidajen maharbin. A cikin taiga, baya ma kai hari ga mafarautan da ke ci gaba da bin sa. Don damisa Amur ta kuskura ta afkawa mutum, dole ne a kusurwa ko rauni.
Sake haifuwa
Mai farautar bashi da takamaiman lokacin haihuwarsa. Zai iya zama kowane wata. An fi son ƙarshen hunturu. Ma'aurata maza da tigress fiye da ɗaya, saboda haka baya ƙirƙirar iyali. Don kwanaki 5-7, yana auratayya, sannan ya ɓace daga rayuwar mace.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mata, a lokacin da ake cin amanar, da gangan suna yawo a yankin maza da ba shi da iyaka. Suna neman shi ya aura. Wannan kira ne na har abada na dabi'a, wanda shine tabbacin haihuwa.
Ana haihuwar yara bayan watanni 3.5. A lokaci guda, tigress ta yi ritaya zuwa wuri mafi wahala da nesa na taiga. A matsakaita, akwai 'ya'yan ƙabila 2-3 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Kadan 1, 5. Yaran da aka Haifa basu da komai. Su makafi ne kuma kurame ne. Nauyin su bai wuce 1 kg ba. Sun dogara gabaki ɗaya da mahaifiyarsu, wacce ke kula dasu a farkon shekaru 2-3.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, jarirai da sauri suna samun ƙarfi. Tuni cikin sati biyu suka fara gani da jin komai. Dan wata daya ya riga ya ninka na jariri sau biyu. Suna da motsi sosai, masu son bincike, kowane lokaci kuma sai sun fita daga cikin gidan su. Suna iya ƙoƙarin hawa bishiyoyi.
Daga shekara wata biyu, naman sabo yana bayyana a cikin abincin samari. Ana amfani da madarar uwa a abinci mai gina jiki na tsawon watanni shida. A wata shida, yaran sun zama girman karamin kare. Gaba daya sun koma nama.
Ana aiwatar da tsarin ilmantarwa don farauta a hankali. Da farko, tigress yana kawo sabo ne kawai. Daga nan zai fara kaiwa dabbar da aka kashe. A shekara biyu, yaran sun kai kilogiram 200 kuma sun fara farautar kansu.
Da sauri suna ɗaukar kwarewar uwa. Damisa ta fi son magance matsaloli masu wahala ita kadai. Namiji baya shiga cikin kiwon zuriya, amma galibi yana zaune kusa. Lokacin da yara ke da shekaru 2.5-3, dangin damisa sun watse. Kowa yana rayuwa da kansa.
Waɗannan kyawawan predan dabbobin suna da girma duk rayuwarsu. An kai girman girma ta tsufa. Basu da abokan gaba a dabi'a. Sai dai idan launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa zai iya shawo kan tiger. Sau da yawa, waɗannan ƙattai biyu sukan haɗu a cikin faɗa na jini. Yana ƙarewa sau da yawa tare da mutuwar beyar, wanda mai farauta ke ci.
Tsawon rayuwa
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15, a cikin fursunoni wannan adadi ya fi girma - har zuwa 25.
Makiya
Tarfin damin Amur mai ƙarfi da girma ba shi da abokan gaba a yanayi. Sai mafarauta da ke ko'ina suna riƙe da jagoranci. Har zuwa yanzu, ana iya kashe wannan kyakkyawan mutum saboda fata, ƙasusuwa da gabobin ciki, waɗanda bisa kuskure aka ba su wasu magunguna.
A cikin karni na 21, har yanzu al'ada ce a likitancin Tibet don amfani da tinctures, foda, kowane nau'in magunguna tare da gabobi da ƙasusuwan Amur damisa. Wannan dabbancin ya mamaye ƙasar Sin.
Kariyar dabbobi
Makomar jinsin tana da matukar ban mamaki. Idan a cikin karni na 19 akwai damisa da yawa a cikin taiga, yanzu adadinsu yakai mutane 500-600. Kuna iya saduwa dasu kawai a cikin mafi kusurwar taiga.
Sakamakon harbe-harben da ke ci gaba da yi da kuma sare dazuzzuka, jinsunan suna cikin barazanar bacewa gaba daya. Harbe-harben dabbobin gandun daji, musamman artiodactyls, wanda mai farauta ke amfani da shi don abinci, shima ya sami mummunan sakamako.
Tiger Ussuri a cikin Littafin Ja daga farkon karni na ashirin. Hakanan an saka shi a cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya. Dabbobi sun ragu sosai har zuwa 1940. Sannan a duk duniya akwai wakilai kusan 40 na jinsin. A cikin 1935, an shirya wurin ajiyar yanayi a cikin Yankin Primorsky.
Daidai lissafi nawa ne ya rage damisa Ussuri... Yanzu, a ƙididdigar lissafi, Tigers Ussuri 450 ne kawai ke rayuwa a duniya. Idan a China an sanya hukuncin kisa saboda kisan wannan kyakkyawan mutum, to a Rasha komai yana iyakance ga tarar banal.
An yi imanin cewa nau'in Amur ya ɓace har zuwa 1940 saboda dalilai masu zuwa:
- Rage kaɗan a cikin yawan kayan kere-kere. An farautar su sosai.
- Yawan kama yara.
- Farautar tigers da kansu.
- Raguwa sosai a cikin masassun taiga kusa da rafuka.
- Lokacin sanyi.
Bayan yakin kawai sai jama'a suka fara a hankali. Amma yana da jinkirin dawowa. A shekara ta 2010, an karɓi dabarun kiyaye Amur Tiger a Rasha. Ya ba da damar ƙara ɗan yankin mai farauta.
Wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa "ofasar Damisa" da "Bikin" an shirya su a cikin Yankin Primorsky. Hakanan akwai wurin ajiyar yanayi. Kashi na huɗu na kewayon damisa yanzu ana kiyaye shi. Dangane da sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2015, ya nuna cewa kimanin mutane 540 ke rayuwa a cikin Gabas mai Nisa.
Yanzu damisa na cikin zurfin zurfafa a cikin taiga, a wani yanki wanda yake nesa da ayyukan mutane. Wadannan kyawawan sun bar yankinsu na tarihi. Masana ilmin namun daji sun yi mafarkin gyara wannan tare da mayar da mai farautar zuwa mazauninta na gargajiya.
