A cikin masarautar dabbobi, akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda suke alfahari da ikon yin ɓarna. Amma, don ya zama ba ya ganuwa kuma ba a iya fahimtarsa, ƙalilan ne ke yin nasara. Irin wannan damar ta musamman wacce karamar tsuntsu take dashi, kayan gwari.
Bayani da siffofin Gubonos
Mafi dangi na babban tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, gwarare, zinariya, kanari, bijimin kankara, giciye da linnet. Matsakaicin girman tsuntsun da ya balaga bai wuce 20 cm ba, yayin da fikafikan da ke tashi daga 30 zuwa 33 cm. Babban fa'idar wannan ƙaramar tsuntsuwar itace bakinta. Shi ne don babban baka mai girma wanda ba daidai ba ne cewa grosbeak ya sami sunan shi.
Manya namiji grosbeak yana da kyan gani, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja, wanda aka sanya shi ta wurin baƙar fata a maƙogwaron tsuntsu. Fukafukai baƙaƙen fata ne, tare da farar fata mai faɗi, jelar kuma tana da launi baƙar fata. Wannan shine yadda babban mutum yake yawanci kama. grosbeak a cikin hoton.
Tsuntsun Dubonos
Cin gindi mace, ba mai haske ba, amma yana da alamun farin fari daban-daban a gefuna da kan. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da kyau musamman a lokacin bazara, sa'annan kuma suna da launuka masu launuka da ban mamaki.
Kodayake grosbeak waƙoƙi ne na waƙoƙi, ba zai iya raira waƙa da ma'anar kalmar kai tsaye ba. Maimakon kyawawan abubuwa, tsuntsun yana ba da hayaniya mara daɗi, wani wuri mai kama da narkar da ƙarfe. Irin wannan waƙar gajere ne a cikin lokaci, kuma kawai a lokacin kiwo za ku iya jin dogayen tsuntsayen nan.
Kuma duk da haka, ana daukar wannan nau'in tsuntsayen malalaci ne da masu iya magana, saboda yana iya zama wuri daya ba tare da ya motsa wasu awanni a jere ba. Saboda haka, a cikin tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, ana kiran Gubonos a matsayin mai ilimin falsafa da tunani.
Tsuntsun Dubonos taka tsantsan da taka tsantsan. Kusan ba zai yuwu a bi wannan jaririn a cikin daji ba, saboda, a wata 'yar hatsari, babban kuli-kuli yana bacewa. Kuma, kamar yadda muka riga muka sani, wannan tsuntsun ƙwararren masani ne mai ɓuya.
A gida, grosbeak ya sami tushe da sauri. Amma banda kyakkyawar surarta, tsuntsun ba zai iya farantawa mai shi komai ba. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar tunani sau ɗari kafin fara irin wannan dabbobin gidan. Tabbas, a cikin daji, yana rayuwa mafi dacewa.
Irin
Babban tsuntsu yana da yanki mai girman gaske. Saboda haka, akwai kuma nau'ikan wannan karamin tsuntsayen. Mafi na kowa daga cikin wadannan shine babban grosbeak... Wannan tsuntsayen ita ce babbar mazauniyar faɗin tarin namun daji a ƙasarmu.
Babban sanko
Hakanan akwai irin waɗannan nau'ikan gannetin kamar launin toka-launin toka, manyan kai masu baƙi, waɗanda ke zaune galibi a cikin duwatsu masu dumi, da ƙananan baƙi masu kaifin baki, na kowa a Yankin Amur da Yankin Primorsky.
Maraice grosbeak, tsuntsayen kasashen waje Babban mazaunin wannan tsuntsu mai kyau da launuka shine Kanada, Amurka da Mexico. Launin layin wannan tsuntsu ya bambanta daga rawaya mai haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Don rayuwarta, babban abincin dare yana zaɓar yankunan duwatsu masu yawa tare da gandun daji masu haɗe da haɗe-haɗe.
Maraice grosbeak
Hoded Grunt ana iya samun sa a cikin dazuzzuka da tsaunuka na Guatemala, Mexico da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Lilin tsuntsaye mai haske ne, mafi rinjaye launuka rawaya ne da baƙi.
Hoded grosbeak
Dutse, ko juniper grosbeak, yaɗu a yankuna masu tsaunuka na Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Asiya. Tsuntsu na iya rayuwa a wuri mai tsayi sosai, babban abin shine cewa akwai cakuda ko gandun daji masu gutsuri kusa. Babban abincin wannan tsuntsaye yana tare da haske, ruwan rawaya-kasa-kasa, yawanci tsaba, 'ya'yan itacen daji da' ya'yan itace.
Juniper grosbeak
Rayuwa da mazauni
Dubonos ya yadu ko'ina cikin duniya, amma wannan wakilin tsuntsaye baya fifita kasashen Scandinavia. Tsuntsayen ana daukar su ne yan-ciran ci-rani. Mafi yawansu sun fi son zuwa kudu. Amma akwai jinsunan da suka rage don lokacin hunturu a wuraren zamansu na dindindin.
Saboda haka, gannos a cikin hunturu, galibi ana samunsu a cikin ɗakunanmu, musamman ma a kudancin ƙasar. Kuma daga yankunan arewa, tsuntsaye suna tashi sama, amma ba tare da gazawa ba, suna dawowa duk lokacin bazara. Mafi yawan tsuntsayen wannan nau'in suna zaune a cikin Kirimiya, inda yanayi da kanta ya haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi don madawwama na babban mai kuɗi.
Wannan tsuntsu mai jin kunya da taka tsantsan yana zaɓar gandun dazuzzuka da gandun oak a matsayin babban mazauninsu. A cikin manyan biranen: wuraren shakatawa da murabba'ai, yana son zama a cikin lambuna, inda akwai bishiyoyi masu 'ya'ya da yawa da bishiyoyin berry.
Kusan ba zai yuwu a kalli gulmar da ke kan bishiya ba; koyaushe tana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin rawanin ganye ko matse gangar jikin. Amma idan grosbeak yana cikin haɗari, to wannan ƙaramin wakilin tsuntsayen zai tabbatar da jarumtakarsa, kuma zai iya ba da cancanta ga abokan gaba.
Wannan wakilin tsuntsayen yana da gurbi a matsakaita kuma babba akan bishiyoyi, a cikin manyan ganyaye, ta wannan hanyar ne kawai yake jin cikakken amincin sa. Dubonos gabaɗaya ya dogara sosai da wurin shimfidarsa. Tsuntsayen, kodayake phlegmatic ne don idanuwan jan ido, amma yayin tashinsa, grosbeak yana nuna hazaka da sauri.
Wannan karamar tsuntsu, koda kuwa da gaske tana bukatar abinci, ba zata taba yin tafiya mai nisa daga gurinta ba. Gubbos ba su haɓaka ƙwarewar sadarwa da juna kwata-kwata ba. Lokaci daya tilo da tsuntsaye zasu fara sadarwa a raye shine lokacin kiwo. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mashawarta sau da yawa kuma na dogon lokaci suka janye kansu, suna zaune a kan reshen bishiya suna tunanin wani abu.
Gina Jiki
Godiya ga bakinta mai ƙarfi da ikon tashi sama da sauri, grosbeak ba za a bar shi ba tare da ganima ba. Saboda haka, ga tambaya, menene babban abincin yake ci, zaka iya amsa a sauƙaƙe, kusan kowa. Bakin tsuntsu, wanda yake daidai da girman kansa, yana da kyakkyawan aiki na murkushe kowane abu mai tauri. Ko na goro ne ko bawon itace.
Sabili da haka, babban bishiyar na iya ciyar da kwari da abinci iri. Tsuntsayen musamman suna son 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa, wanda hakan yakan zama babbar matsala ga masu lambu. Lokacin da cherries ko cherries suka yi girma, garken waɗannan tsuntsayen na iya halakar da amfanin gonar duka a cikin fewan mintina kaɗan. Amma koda a cikin wadannan kayan marmarin, tsuntsun yana da nasa abubuwan da yake so. Idan berries na shuke-shuke lambu jawo hankalin grosbeak, to, dutse ash da elderberry, wannan tsuntsu ba ya son shi.
Dubonos suna cin 'ya'yan sunflower a cikin abincin
Tsuntsu a rayuwa yana da jinkiri, saboda haka, babban nau'in farauta yana faruwa a kan tashi. Yayin tashinsa, Dubonos ya kama kwari, wanda yake ciyar da shi tsawon yini.
Tsaran sunflower, peas da masara ana ɗaukarsu babbar kyauta ce ga tsuntsu. Ba zai taɓa rasa harbe-harben ƙananan tsire-tsire ba, inflorescences na ceri tsuntsaye, lilac da ƙananan ganye.
Hakanan akwai wani abu don riba daga kan bishiyoyi don ɓoyayyen, saboda akwai kwarkwata da yawa da kwari iri-iri. Bisa ga wannan, zamu iya cewa grosbeak yana lalata kwari mai cutarwa.
A lokacin bazara, lokacin da har yanzu babu babban abinci, kuma kwari basu riga sun farka ba, ƙwayoyin bishiyoyi, shuke-shuke da iri ne ke katse grosbeak ɗin, wanda a ciki akwai wadatattun abubuwan gina jiki don rayuwar tsuntsu mai aiki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kowace bazara, babban kurkuku yana fara gina nests. Gida yana farawa a watan Maris, a cikin yanayi mai zafi, zai iya zama watan Fabrairu. A wannan lokacin ne farawar daddare don waɗannan tsuntsayen, sannan, a ƙarshe, zaku iya ji rera wakoki.
Saurari muryar Gubonos:
Namiji zai fara neman matar da yake so. Ana cikin yin wasannin mathe, tsuntsu namiji ya narkar da gashinsa ya fara rawa, wanda ya kunshi tsalle sama zuwa mace, da kara tsalle mata. Wannan yana ci gaba har sai mace ta nuna ni'imar ta kuma goge mata baki a baki.
Wasannin jima'i na maza da mata a lokacin kiwo
A wannan lokacin ne ake yin bikin tsuntsaye. Abin sha'awa, waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen an rarrabe su da sadaukarwa da aminci. Bayan ƙirƙirar ma'aurata, sun kasance tare har tsawon rayuwarsu. Bugu da ari, tsuntsayen sun hadu a kan juna biyu, kuma aikin wahala na gina gidansu na yau da kullun, wanda zai kare ne kawai a watan Mayu.
Gidajen wadannan tsuntsayen suna da sifar kwano mai zurfin gaske, ya kai santimita 22 a tsayi kuma tsawonsa yakai cm 10. Kasan gurbi an rufe shi da wani laushi mai laushi wanda ya kunshi ruwan wukake iri daban-daban na ciyawa, gashi da kuma ganyaye.
Yanzu, mace na iya sa ƙwai. Clutch yawanci yana kunshe da kwai 4-6, wanda zai iya bambanta da launi, daga launin rawaya rawaya zuwa launin toka-mai kore da launuka iri-iri da tabo.
Qwai galibi mata ne ke shiryawa, kuma miji ya zama wajibi ya ciyar da ita kuma ya kula da ita ta kowace hanya. Amma wani lokacin, mace takan bar gida don shimfida fikafikanta da farauta. A wannan lokacin, uba na gaba zai maye gurbin budurwarsa, kuma ya zauna don killace kama.
Tsarin kwayayen ya ci gaba, har na tsawon makonni biyu. Bayan kajin sun bayyana, rayuwar iyayen matasa ta canza sosai. Bayan haka, yara masu fahariya zasu zauna a cikin gida na tsawon sati biyu kuma koyaushe suna neman abinci.
Gida na Kwan Kwai
Don ciyar da kajin, dole ne ka yi farauta da yawa kuma ka sami abinci mai rai, saboda jarirai ba sa cin kwari. Kuma idan sun balaga kaɗan, za su iya karɓar abincin asalinsu.
Don haka watan Yuli ya shigo. Kajin sun riga sun girma kuma yanzu suna koyon tashi sama da samun nasu abinci da kansu. Wannan tsarin karatun yana daukar kusan wata daya. Kuma sai a watan Agusta, samari tsuntsaye suna da cikakken 'yanci kuma basu dogara ga iyayensu ba.
Kuma a watan Satumba, waɗannan kajin sun riga sun shirya tsawan jirage masu tsawo. Amma sun zama manya da gaske har zuwa shekaru 2, kuma a wannan lokacin ne suka isa balaga. Yayinda ake kiwon da koyawa kajin, mata da maza zasu shiga. Tsawon rayuwar waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin daji ba su da tsayi sosai.
Ba duk tsuntsayen bane zasu iya rayuwa a wajan shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Bayan haka, haɗari suna jiran waɗannan tsuntsayen a zahiri a kowane mataki, kuma yayin dogon jirage, yawancin tsuntsaye suna mutuwa saboda dalilai fiye da iko.
Kajin Grosbeak
Amma, duk da haka, akwai samfurin da zai iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 10 har ma da shekaru 15 a cikin daji. Abin baƙin ciki, wannan ƙari ne ga ƙa'idar ƙa'idar, kuma a zahiri akwai ƙananan kaɗan irin waɗannan maganganun.
A gida, wadannan tsuntsayen na iya rayuwa fiye da dangin su na daji. Saboda kulawar da ta dace da cikakken abinci, rayuwar waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin ta ninka sau biyu ko ma sau uku.
