Dabbobi masu ban mamaki daga dangin shahidai sun zama zinare mai laushi na Rasha. Kyawun gashin gashin dabba ya zama masifar sa. A duk wasu gwanjo na fur, ana sayar da fatun a karkashin guduma na kusan dala dubu guda. saboda haka sable dabba ce ya shiga Littafin Ja.
An nuna katifun na alatu a jikin rigunan makamai na biranen Siberia, da kuma a jikin rigunan makamai na yankuna Novosibirsk, Tyumen da Sverdlovsk.
Bayani da fasali
Dabba mai sauri, mai hanzari yana rayuwa cikin diga mai yawa. Idan kayi zurfin zurfafawa cikin dazuzzuka na spruce, zaka iya samun alamun sa, kuma idan kayi sa'a, to mafi kyawun mutum. Tun ƙarni da yawa alama ce ta Siberia. An yi la'akari da fatattun da aka haƙo a matsayin kuɗi na shekaru da yawa kuma suna tafiya tare da kuɗi ko kuma maimakon hakan.
Sarakunan Turai sun karɓi samfuran fur na sifa a matsayin kyauta daga tsar Rasha. Yanzu an lasafta mai farautar a cikin Littafin Ja, kuma kasuwancin ya koma gonakin dabbobi. Rasha ita ce kawai ke ba da sable furs a duniya. Har zuwa karni na sha tara, farautar dabbar ta isa ga mutane 200,000.
Ana buƙatar sama da fata ɗari don gashin gashi. Theimar fatar Jawo kusan ta kori mashin din daga halaka. Don ɗan lokaci, an hana kifi kwata-kwata, an yi kiwon dabbobi don ajiyar su, sun zaunar da su a cikin mazaunan su na da.
Mutane da yawa suna damuwa game da tambayar menene sable yayi kama, za mu yi kokarin bayar da amsa a kasa. Tsawon dabba ya kasance santimita 45-56, jelar mai laushi ya kai cm 20. Nauyin daga 1.1 zuwa 1.8 kilogiram.
Mulos yana da kaifi, wanda shine dalilin da yasa kai yana da siffa mai siffar sifa. Baya ya kafe sosai saboda kafafun gajeru ne. Ulu a lokacin hunturu yana da matukar girma, mai sanyin fata koda akan tafin hannu, pads da farce, a lokacin bazara yana zubewa, dabbar kuma tana munana. Launin yana ɗauke da kyawawan duhun duhu a tsakiyar bayanta, wuta zuwa gefuna da ciki.
Irin
Goma sha tara na dangin marten suna zaune a Rasha. Sable an rarrabe shi da furfura na marmari, don haka masu haɓaka sun rarraba shi mafi kyau duka ta nau'in:
- Barguzinsky sable - ma'abucin mafi kyawun marmarin launin ruwan duhu mai duhu tare da gashin toka. An dauke shi sarkin sabulu - sau ɗaya a yayin gwanjo, an ba da dala 1000 don fatarsa;
- Yenisei sable - fatar ta fi wuta, amma fur din ta daya mai kauri da sheki;
- Kanada sable - masu zane suna tantance ingancin fur din a matsayin mara gamsarwa, wanda ke baiwa dabbar damar rayuwa ba tare da sha'awar mafarauta ba;
- Altai sable - launin fata daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa rawaya mai haske;
- Tobolsk sable - mafi sauƙin nau'in, shima yana da mahimmin fur;
- Kuznetsky - matsakaiciyar launi, tsakanin Tobolsk da Altaic;
- Yana da matukar wuya a samu a cikin taiga farin sable, Fuskokin suna ɗaukar shi mafi daraja, suna biyan kuɗi mai yawa akan shi;
- A gabashin Urals yana zaune Kidus - matasan marten da sable.
Yawan nau'in a cikin Rasha a yau mutane miliyan 1.5 ne. Mafarauta suna girbin fatu rabin miliyan a kowace shekara.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Daga Urals, tare da Yenisei, ko'ina cikin Siberia zuwa Tekun Pacific, akwai nau'ikan daban-daban gandun daji... Kuna iya gani a Mongolia, Koriya ta Arewa, a wasu yankuna na China. Har zuwa karni na sha tara, an samo shi a Karelia, Baltic States, Finland, da yammacin Poland. Yawan neman fata masu tamani ya haifar da lalata dazuzzuka da yawa.
Wasu gandun daji sun rasa adadinsu baki daya; kusan ya bace. A karni na goma sha tara, fitar da fur ya zama kaso mafi tsoka na kudaden shigar gwamnati. 1916 - Sabulu 20-30 suka kasance, wanda ya haifar da haramcin kowane nau'in hakar fata masu tamani.
Farkon karni na ashirin - an tura balaguro zuwa Siberia da Kamchatka don nazarin yankin da yanayin samar da tanadi don adana yawan mutanen Barguzin sable na musamman. Tarihi ya kiyaye su a matsayin "balaguron balaguro."
Shugaban kamfanin shine G.G. Doppelmair, masana kimiyya sunyi aiki a karkashin budewar sama, yanayin yana da matukar wahala. Finayyadaddun iyakokin ajiyar tare da yanki na kadada 500,000 a kan gangaren tsaunin Barguzinsky, har yanzu shine ainihin yankin da aka kiyaye. A farkon karni da tarihin juyin juya hali, zuriya sun gudanar da babban aiki, 'ya'yan itacen da muke girbewa har zuwa yau.
Barguzinsky Biosphere Reserve, inda ake kiyaye sables a ƙarƙashin Doka akan Tsirarun Halittu, babban ajiyayyen yanayi ne - daidaitaccen yanayi. Tasirin halin ɗan adam a kan ƙasa kaɗan ne. Sable yana rayuwa kyauta kuma yana cigaba cikin aminci, yana cikin aminci.
Yanzu suna farautar shi da bindiga mai ɗaukar hoto, suna ba da izinin wucewa don ziyartar wurin. Yankin ajiyar an tsara shi don binciken ilimin halittu da nazarin halittu. Masana kimiyya na Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kimiyya suna nazarin halaye da hawan halittar dabba, suna ba da shawarwari kan kiyayewar jinsunan.
Sable yayi la'akari da dabba ta ƙasa, kodayake, a matsayin mazaunin taiga, dabba daidai hawa bishiyoyi. Yana yin tafiya mai nisan kilomita hudu a kowace rana, kuma shekarun rani sun tilasta shi ya yi tafiyar kilomita 10 don neman abinci.
Ya fi zama a cikin dazukan coniferous: pine, itacen al'ul, dazuzzuka na spruce. Kogin bishiyoyi da aka sare sune cikakke ga masu farauta don yin burodi, don mamayewa da kiwo.
Suna shirya shi a hankali ta hanyar rufe shi da gansakuka da busassun ganye, kuma bayan gida yana nesa da gida. Yana yiwa yankin da yake kusa da shi alama, ya shimfiɗa hanyoyin kansa don kada wani bare ya yi farauta a cikin dukiyarsa. Hakanan wuraren ajiyar duwatsu wuraren zama ne na dabbobi.
Gina Jiki
Sable dabba mai amfani da komai, yana cin furotin da abincin tsirrai. Shi mai farauta ne, don haka abincin sa ya ƙunshi:
- Tsuntsaye - galibi katako, katako, baƙar fata, amma na iya kama wasu, tsuntsaye - wannan lokaci ne, lokacin da kuka yi sa'a;
- Rodwaƙan linzamin linzamin kwamfuta - voles ja-launin toka, pikas;
- Iran iska - masu cin naman daji suna cinye miliyan da yawa daga cikinsu a shekara;
- Chipananan ƙananan abubuwa da hares.
Daga kayan ganye, yana cin goro, 'ya'yan itace - blueberries, lingonberries, dutsen ash, ƙugu ya tashi, currants. Farautar daji na farauta da yamma, wani lokacin da rana. Karka damu da cin kifi a lokacin bazara, lokacin da kifin ya motsa ya ba da haihuwa. Yana cinye shi bayan otter ko beyar, saboda, saboda ƙananan girmansa, shi kansa ba mai saurin ɓoyewa bane.
A lokacin hunturu, tana iya ciyarwa akan gawar, ko tsire-tsire, tana sa shi zurfin ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Dabbar na iya zama farautar mujiya, bear ko marten. Manyan tsuntsaye - mikiya ko shaho kuma ba sa kyamar cin abinci a kan jariri mai daɗi.
Dabbar tana da masu gwagwarmayar abinci - wadannan sune silar Siberia da ermine, suma suna farautar beraye masu kama da linzamin kwamfuta. Idan waɗannan dabbobin sun zauna a cikin yanki ɗaya, yaƙe-yaƙe mai tsanani don ƙauyuka yana faruwa a tsakanin su.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, sable zai iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 20, amma yana hayayyafa har zuwa shekaru 15, don haka ba a kiyaye su a gonaki tsawon lokaci. Yana rayuwa a cikin yanayi na shekaru 8-10.
Mata suna zaɓar abokin tarayya a gaba, suna yin jima'i tare da ɗa namiji ɗaya a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Sauran zaɓaɓɓun waɗanda aka zaɓa ke korarsu, an fara yaƙe-yaƙe masu zafi har sai sauran magoya baya sun ja da baya. Maza suna zama tare da mace na dogon lokaci, suna kawo abinci lokacin da ba za ta iya sake farauta a matakin ƙarshe na ciki ba.
Suna barin idan ta koreshi da kanta kafin ta haihu. Ciki yana ɗaukar watanni 9-10, mahaifar mai ciki tana layin gida tare da ulu, gansakuka, ciyawa mai laushi mai laushi. Lair kayan aiki nesa da mazaunin mutum. An haifi puan kwikwiyo ɗaya zuwa bakwai masu nauyin gram 30 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi.
A watanni biyu na farko suna cin madarar uwa ne kawai, sannan suna bukatar karin abinci. Mace takan fitar da su tare da ita, tana fara koya musu farauta da girma. Idan akwai wata barazana daga wata dabba mafi girma, uwar za ta koma gida gida.
Da jarumtaka tana kare kayanta, tana kai hari ga dabbobin da suka fi ta girma, har ma da adawa da kare. A ƙarshen bazara, ppan kwikwiyo suna samun ƙarfi, kowannensu ya watse a cikin nasa alkibla, don rayuwa mai zaman kanta, kuma mace za ta fara ruttu na gaba. Balaga tsakanin jima'i a cikin halittun furry yana faruwa shekaru uku, rutsi na ƙarya yana faruwa a cikin Fabrairu.
Gyaran gona
Yana da kyau a ciyar da matakin farko na ƙirƙirar gona tare da mutumin da ke da ƙwarewa a cikin irin wannan kasuwancin. Zaɓi yanki kusa da gandun daji, an kiyaye shi daga iska, matakin, ba tare da canji mai ƙarfi ba cikin sauƙi. Ba kayan shinge don
Kafin fara kasuwancin kiwo, ya kamata ka nemi shawara daga lauya, domin dokokin sun tanadi sayar da fata ne kawai ga kamfanonin kasar. Idan wani makiyayin da bai sani ba ya sayar da fur ga wani mutum mai zaman kansa, hakan ya sabawa doka.
ware shigar dabbobi daga cikin yadudduka. Bada wutar lantarki, magudanan ruwa, ruwa. Mai kiwo yana shirya keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu ko keɓaɓɓu don ware mata da maza daban. A cikin keji ko gida, an raba daki don burrow wanda thean kwikwiyo zasu kasance a ciki. A lokacin rututu, dabbobi suna zaune tare, suna lura da halayyar - mutanen da ba sa son yin aure an jefar da su kuma suna neman fata a lokacin bazara.
Ana sayan dabbobi daga gonaki 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin su yi rutsi kuma suna zaune biyu-biyu, suna lura da ikon samari na yin tsere. Mutanen da aka zaɓa masu bambancin ra'ayi suna da alama, suna ba da kowace lamba kuma sun zauna a gonar don samun zuriya. An sanya lambobin ga mata ko da, ba daidai ba ga maza, kamar yadda aka saba a harkar noma fur.
Ana ba wa masana'antun da ke da fa'ida fasfot, suna kiyaye asalin har zuwa tsara ta uku. An dasa girma matasa a cikin sel daban. Don su sami fur mai inganci, suna cin abinci mai kyau tare da naman, naman zomaye, kaji, da naman sa. Add berries, 'ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi.
Dangane da yawan buƙata na furfura, gonaki ingantattu suna ba da babbar riba ga masu su. Da farko dai, ya isa a sami dabbobi 50, wadata gona a kasar, wanda zai rage kudin haya.
Kimanin farashin dabba mai rai shine $ 200-500. Shekarar farko zata zama kashe kudi ne kawai, amma tare da kulawa mai kyau na shekara, dabbobin zasu ninka sau uku. A ƙarshen shekara ta biyu, ana yanka fata da sayarwa.
Ana ba da shawarar siyarwa ta kamfanin rarraba fur. A wasu lokuta gonakin jihar sukan mayar da dabbobin gidajensu don kula da yawan jama'a. Wannan yana taimakawa kare dabbobi daga halaka.
Abun cikin gida
Idan kun ɗauki ƙaramin madara mai ɗan ƙarami, za ku iya yin dabbar dabba daga ciki. A sauƙaƙe ana bashi horo, kawai yana buƙatar shirya yanki don wasanni, misali, baranda ko wani ɗaki na daban tare da layin waya. Wajibi ne a sayi kayan wasan roba, dabba tabbas zai buƙaci wasa da ita.
Zai dace da dabbobin gida. Ciyar da sharar nama, na waje, hatsi, ƙara ma'adinai da bitamin. Kuna iya ba da abinci ga kuliyoyi ko karnuka. Cibiyar kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyyar halittu da zuriyar dan adam ta tsunduma cikin gidajan gidan Altai, wanda ke da niyyar kiyaye yawan mutane da bambancin jinsin wannan nau'in.
Sun tsara taswirar kwayar halitta, gami da dukkanin nau'o'in da ke yaduwa a yankin kasar Rasha, tare da alamomin yanayin yankunan da ake rayuwa.
Addedararen gidan da aka ƙera yana cikin ƙarin bukatun yawan wakilan daji na irin, a wuraren da mutane ba sa zama. Wannan yana kawo sakamako wajen kara yawan dabban.
