Finch, wanda yake daga nau'in finchi, ana kiransa bullfinch, finch, chaffinch. A yawancin zangon daga Kudu, tsuntsaye suna dawowa a ƙarshen Maris, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ba ta narke ko'ina ba. Mutane suna cewa a farkon bazara finch rera waka ga sanyi.
Amma wannan ba shine kawai asalin asalin sunan ba. Bayyanannen kamannin da kuma yanke kaifin abun ya nuna cewa tsuntsun yana cikin sanyi, yana daukar numfashi daga sanyi.
Bayani da fasali
A mafi yawan Tarayyar Rasha, tsoffin jamhuriyoyin Soviet, kasashen Yammacin Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya, mafi yawan akwatin gawa shine Bature. Dogayen dogon bakinsa mai kaifi 11mm launin ruwan kasa ne, ban da lokacin saduwa, lokacin da shuɗin shuɗi ya bayyana.
Duk ɓangaren ƙananan, maƙogwaro da kunci launin ruwan kasa ne-masu launin ruwan kasa ko ruwan inabi, baya yana da haske sau ɗaya. Wuya da hular kan finch launin shuɗi ne-shuɗi; tabon tabo mai banbanci ya fita sama da baki.
A ƙasan bayan baya, launuka sun haɗa da sautunan rawaya da kore. An zana fikafikan tare da farin iyaka. Fararrun launuka wadanda suke kan hanya sun kasance a gefen wutsiyar. Irin wannan tsananin launi yana kawata maza daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa.
Kammala cikin hoto a cikin mating plumage yayi kyau. Mata da manyan kajin suna da kyau, ba sa nuna magana. Sauti mai launin ruwan kasa da launin toka sun yi nasara. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin finch na Turai shine 16 cm, jela 7 cm, kuma nauyin 22 g.
Duk da cewa tsuntsun na tashi da sauri, yakan kwashe lokaci mai tsawo a kasa, yana ta tsalle don neman abinci. Saboda wannan, sau da yawa yakan mutu daga harin maharan.
Sautunan Finch kira ma kyawawa ne. A cikin yanayi daban-daban - idan akwai haɗari ("waɗannan", "bukka", "tyu"), ɗaukar sama ("tyup"), neman aure ("ksip"), bara ("chirrup") tsuntsun yana fitar da siginoni bakwai. Na dogon lokaci, an yi amannar cewa karar finch "ryu-ryu" tana faɗakar da ruwan sama. Amma abubuwan da aka gani kwanan nan sun nuna cewa babu wata alaƙa tsakanin "ruffling" da yanayin yanayi. Alamar ta dace da yanayin faɗakarwar tsuntsu.
Idan mutum ɗaya yayi waƙar 3-6, to adadin zai kai ashirin. Chaffinch waka farawa tare da busa, ya zama trill, maimaita kowane uku na uku, kuma ya ƙare tare da kaifi ba zato ba tsammani - bugun jini. Abincin nishaɗi ya bambanta dangane da ƙananan, mazauninsu.
Mazan da suka girmi, ya fi kowane irin salon maganarsa, tunda kwarewar da ke tattare da lokaci, ana ɗauke su ne daga dangi da sauran nau'in. Mata, kajin da suka manyanta suna iya saukakewa, sautuka masu kaɗaici. Idan a lokacin bazara tsuntsu ya rera waka da karfi da yardar rai, to a tsakiyar bazara lokacin molt zai fara kuma ba safai a ji shi ba. An raɗa karin waƙoƙin.
Irin
Tsarin tsari na finch subspecies ya haɗa da sunaye 18. Abubuwan banbanci - girman, launi mai launi, yankin rarraba. Baya ga finch ɗin Turai da aka bayyana, an sami ƙarin raƙuman raƙuman 3 a yankin Tarayyar Rasha da tsoffin ƙasashe na Tarayyar:
- Caucasian
A lokacin rani, finch yana zaune a cikin Crimea, a cikin Caucasus. A lokacin hunturu, ana samun sa a arewacin Iran, kudancin Transcaucasia. Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan tsaunuka, tsaunuka a tsawan mita dubu 2 da rabi sama da matakin teku. Tsawon jiki har zuwa 13 cm, babban baki mai tsayi, launi kamar na Turai. Abubuwan rarrabe-rarrabe - kiran kiran "shura", mafi kama da kira na babban alƙawari, ƙaramin sautin murya mai ban sha'awa.
- Hyrcanian
Podvit launi mai duhu, ƙananan siffofin. Ana samun matsuguni a arewacin Iran, gidajen gida a yankunan kudancin Tekun Caspian. Baya baya launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, kasan yana tare da jan launi, kai da wuya suna da duhu ashy.
- Kopetdag
Tsuntsun ya zama kodadde, tare da wurare masu launuka masu yawa a jela da fikafikan. Yankin rabarwar yanki ne na asalin Turkmen polymountain Kopetdag. Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun yarda cewa wannan nau'ikan shine bambancin finch na Hyrcanian.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Mazauna tsuntsun finch a cikin dazuzzuka, gauraye, gandun dazuzzuka. Ba ya son zurfin taiga, inda yake akwai matsala neman abinci a ƙasa. An ba da fifiko ga gandun daji masu ƙarancin haske da tsire-tsire na wucin gadi tare da manyan bishiyoyi, sanyi mai sanyi. An samo shi sau da yawa a yankin shakatawa, a cikin rani na rani, gonar lambu.
Mutane da yawa sun tabbata cewa finch tsuntsayen wucewa... Ya dogara da wurin sasantawa. Gungun garken tumaki da suka yiwa yankin tsakiyar Rasha dadi, Siberia a lokacin hunturu suna zuwa bakin tekun Bahar Rum, zuwa magudanan ruwa na tafkunan Asiya ta Tsakiya. Wasu garken suna isa Tsibirin Canary, Tsibirin Burtaniya, Arewacin Afirka, wanda Maroko, Tunisia, Algeria suka wakilta.
Idan finch da farko sun zauna a yankunan kudanci, to suna zama masu nutsuwa ko kuma yin yawo mai nisa zuwa yankuna makwabta ba tare da tsallaka kan iyakokin ƙasar ba.
Kafin tafiyarsu, tsuntsayen suna taro cikin garken mutane kusan ɗari. Suna tashi da sauri -50 -55 km / h. Don hutawa da abinci, suna yin doguwar tafiya a yankunan ƙananan ƙauyuka inda zasu iya shakatawa. An tsawaita tashi daga lokaci, wucewa cikin raƙuman ruwa, amma yawancin tsuntsayen suna barin yankuna masu dumi a watan Satumba. Makarantun ba su da daidaito, finch yakan haɗa su.
Suna komawa wuraren zamansu na dindindin daga ƙarshen Fabrairu zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu. Arin kudu yankin yana wurin, da farko tsuntsayen sun bayyana. Maza sun fara isowa, an ƙaddara isowarsu ta hanyar sautunan waƙoƙin sautunan mata masu ƙarfi. Mata sun zo bayan mako guda.
Raguwar yawan nau'in ya shafi lalacewar yanayin muhalli. Daga shekara zuwa shekara, yankunan da ake sare dazuka suna karuwa, yawan filayen noma da gonakin daji da ake bi da maganin kwari ba ya raguwa. Mummunan yanayi suna taka rawar gani.
Tsuntsaye suna da makiya na halitta da yawa, waɗanda squirrels, ermines, manyan tsuntsaye ke wakilta (magpie, jay, crow, woodpecker). A lokacin nest, suna lalata kama, ƙananan kajin. Tsuntsu ya nuna hali ba sani ba sabo yayin rera waka.
Theauka daga roulades, namiji finch ya ɗaga ya jefa kansa baya bai gani ba, bai ji ba a kusa.
Finch suna ciyar da babban ɓangaren lokutan hasken rana suna zaune a kan reshe, suna motsawa a hankali a kaikaice, ko tsalle a ƙasa, neman abinci. Suna tashi cikin tsananin gudu, a cikin taguwar ruwa.
A lokacin saduwa da lokacin nest, suna kirkirar nau'i-nau'i, sauran lokutan suna ajiyewa a garken. Saboda jimirinsu, rashin wayewa da saurin daidaitawa zuwa mazauninsu, finchi ya zama gama gari a Turai. Adadinsu ya kai miliyan 95.
Waƙar Chaffinch tana ƙarfafa wasu mutane su riƙe tsuntsaye a cikin fursuna. Idan babu gogewa, to ya fi kyau a tsaya a wani nau'i, mai sauƙi a shanye. Wasu mutane suna haɗuwa da mai gidan, amma a cikin yawancin tsuntsayen suna daji har mutuwa.
Don karbuwa, ana sanya finch din a cikin wata shimfidar shimfiɗa aviary ko kuma a cikin ƙaramin keji da aka rufe shi da mayaƙi mai laushi. Bayan sun dasa shi a cikin mazaunin dindindin, sai su rufe shi da wani abu mai haske, tunda lokacin da mutum ya kusanci, tsuntsun yana bugawa da karfi kan sandunan, baya nutsuwa na dogon lokaci.
Don jin waƙar, sai a riƙe namiji shi kaɗai, ba tare da wata ma'aurata ba. A gaban mutum, tsuntsu yana waka ne kawai lokacin da yake bai sani ba. Gidan an sanye shi da wanka, kayan abinci. Sun sanya ƙananan kwantena tare da tsire-tsire ko tsire-tsire.
Ana ciyar da finch da kwayar kanari, tsutsar ciki, ƙwailar tururuwa, nama da hatsi. An ba da izinin emawan emaeman, amma a iyakance, saboda abinci mai withan mai mai yawa yana haifar da cutar ido, tafasa.
Gina Jiki
A cikin daji, iyaye suna ciyar da kajin su da larvae, caterpillars, dipterans, arachnids. Abincin tsire-tsire, wanda yawan sa yake ƙaruwa tare da tsawan ruwan sama ko lokutan ƙarshen gurbi, ya haɗa da:
- tsaba, saman harbe na Pine, spruce;
- hatsi;
- bearberry, irga.
Manya gama finch daga tsakiyar lokacin rani sai ya tashi zuwa gonar makircin cin 'ya'yan itace. Yana son tsaba na ceri mai tsami, elderberry, violet, tsuntsu buckwheat, primrose. Nan gaba kadan, tsabar ciyawar (nettles, quinoa) sun yi girma, wanda tsuntsun yayi amfani da su kafin ya tafi hunturu.
A lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, yawancin abincin shine abincin furotin;
- kudaje;
- kwari kwari;
- kunun tsamiya
An sami sassan kore na shuke-shuke, furanni, toho a cikin cikin tsuntsaye. Finch din yana da amfani ga gandun daji, aikin gona, saboda yana cire dazuzzuka da albarkatu daga kwari.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Bayan isowa daga hunturu, maza suna duba yankin su. Idan ya kasance yana aiki tare da wani, sai a yi faɗa. Yaƙe-yaƙe galibi suna faruwa tsakanin ƙananan tsuntsaye waɗanda ba su taɓa yin gida ba da kuma manyan finchi. Alamar lokacin tana cike da tashin hankali, tashin hankali, sautunan tsawa da ƙarfi.
Lokacin da aka kori baƙon daga yankin, maza suna nuna kayansu tare da raira waƙoƙi kuma suna jan hankalin matan da suka zo daga ƙasashe masu dumi mako guda daga baya. Kyawawan ƙa'idodin kade-kade da haske mai haske suna yin aikinsu. Mace tana tashi zuwa kiran, ta zauna a gefenta, ta daga jelarta ta fara "zizikat".
Ana yin gidajan Chaffinch a cikin siffar kwano
Bayan haɗuwa, a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Mayu, tsuntsayen suna neman bishiyar da ta dace, inda jin daɗi gida finch... Spruce, Birch, Pine, alder sun dace. Maple, Willow, itacen oak, linden ba a cika amfani da su ba, waɗanda ke da banbancin duhu da rassa.
Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun gano gurbi a tsayin mita 15, santimita 40, amma babban lambar yana daga mita ɗaya zuwa huɗu daga ƙasa a kan manyan ƙafafun conifers ko kuma a cikin cokulan rassan da ke kusa da gangar jikin. Ya tsunduma cikin samar da gida ga kajin nan gaba mata finch, kodayake iyayen nan gaba suna cikin tarin kayan gini.
Farawa don farawa ba ya nufin ƙwai ƙwai da ewa ba. Wani lokaci gini yana jinkirta na dogon lokaci saboda yanayi mara kyau. Idan aka zaɓi bishiya mai baƙan duhu, to dole ne ku gina gida sau da yawa, farawa daga farawa.
Kajin Chaffinch suna da ban dariya
Abun da aka gani da kyau yana jan hankalin sauran tsuntsayen, waɗanda ke karɓar lokacin, suna jan baya kuma suna amfani da kayan don tsara wuraren su don kwanciya. Koyarwa ta ƙwarewa mai ɗaci, finch ya ƙara rufe gidajen da kyau, waɗanda kusan ba a iya gani daga waje.
Gida Finch mai siffar kwano tare da diamita har zuwa mita da tsayin rabin wanda aka kirkira daga nau'ikan daban-daban na reshe, shuke-shuke masu ciyawa da gansakuka. A wasu lokuta, sassansu daidai suke, a wasu kuma, rassan da ciyawar ciyawa suna yin firam, kuma bango da ƙasan suna jere da gansakuka. Wani lokaci gansakakken ya fi na kanana girma.
Finch yana haɗa kayan tare da zaren cob, wanda ke sa katangar 3-cm ƙarfi. Masonry matashin kai an yi shi ne da shuke-shuke, gashin fuka-fukai, ulu. Don manufar sake kamanni, an gyara tsarin daga sama tare da ƙwanƙolin birch da lichen mai haske. An samo piecesananan takardu, auduga, auduga, gauze a cikin gidajen da ke kusa da iyakar birni.
Don ganowa yadda finchi ke haihuwa, kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan su, farawa daga shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu. A wannan lokacin, mace mara ma'ana tare da plumage, haɗuwa tare da mahalli, ta sa ƙwai. Akwai daga uku zuwa bakwai daga cikinsu.
Launi launin kore ne mai haske da shuɗi mai haske mai haske ko kuma kusa da shunayya mai launin shuɗi. Tsawon makonni biyu da yin kwalliyar, namiji ba tare da gajiyawa ba yana kula da budurwarsa da kuma rayuwar da za ta zo nan gaba, kawo abinci, yana kare gida daga abokan gaba.
Kaji finch kyankyashe daga ƙwarjin ja, tsirara tare da sauka a kai da baya. Iyayensu suna ciyar dasu har tsawon kwanaki 14. A lokacin girma mai girma, ana buƙatar furotin na dabba na musamman. Daga baya, ana narkar da abinci tare da tsaba, hatsi. Bayan samari tsuntsaye sun hau fukafukai, basa tashi nesa da gida, amma suna ci gaba da karbar abinci daga iyayensu har tsawon wasu kwanaki bakwai.
A cikin yankuna masu yanayin zafi, finch ɗin mata suna haifar da ɗayan kama, inda ƙananan ƙwai suka fi na farko. Arshen ƙarshe na matasa daga gida yana faruwa a watan Agusta. A watan Satumba, tsuntsayen suna cin gashin kansu. A gida, finch suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12. Sun mutu a baya a cikin daji.
