Halitta mai ban mamaki wacce ake kira izgilin Allah - platypus... A cikin kwatancin, bayan halittar duniyar dabbobi, Ubangiji ya tattara ragowar kayan, ya hada bakin biri, da zakara, da wutsiyar bea, da echidna fur, da sauran sassan. Sakamakon shine sabon dabba, wanda ya hada sifofin dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa, harma da kifi.
Bayani da fasali
An gano dabba a Australia a karni na 18. Nau'in dabbobi, bayanin platypus ya haifar da takaddama game da yadda ake kiran wannan mu'ujiza na yanayi. Aborigines sun ba da sunaye da yawa na gida, matafiya na Turai sun fara amfani da suna "duck-mole", "mole mole", "tsuntsaye-dabba", amma sunan "platypus" an kiyaye shi a tarihi.
Jiki tare da gajeren ƙafa yana da tsayi 30-40 cm, la'akari da jela 55 cm. Nauyin babban mutum shine 2 kilogiram. Maza sun fi mata nauyi - sun bambanta da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na nauyinsu. Wutsiya kamar beaver - tare da gashi wanda yake siraran lokaci.
Wutsiyar dabbar tana adana mai mai. Gashi mai taushi ne kuma mai yawa. Launi a baya yana da launin ruwan kasa mai yawa, ciki tare da jan launi, wani lokacin launin toka-toka.
Hannun da aka zagaye tare da danshi mai tsayi, ya juye a cikin danshi mai kama da agwagwa. Tsawonsa ya kai cm 6.5 kuma faɗinsa ya kai cm 5. Tsarin yana da laushi, an rufe shi da fata mai roba. A gindinta gland ne wanda yake samar da abu mai kamshin turare.
A saman baki shine hanci, ko kuma dai hancin hanci. Idanuwa, ana buɗe buɗewar sauraro a gefen kai. Auricles basa nan. Lokacin da platypus ya nitse cikin ruwa, baffan dukkan gabobi suna rufewa.
Ana maye gurbin sassan ji, na gani, na kayan kamshi da wani irin abu na lantarki - karfin halitta don samun ganima a cikin mashin din mashin tare da taimakon wutan lantarki.
Ana cikin farauta, dabbar tana ci gaba da zagaya bakin ta. Ingantaccen yanayin taɓawa yana taimakawa gano filayen lantarki mara ƙarfi lokacin da masu ɓawon burodi ke motsawa. Platypus - dabba na musamman, tunda koda yake ana samun irin wadannan lantarki a cikin echidna, amma basu taka rawar gani wajen samun abinci ba.
Hakora sun bayyana a cikin samari, amma da sauri sun lalace. A wurin su, an kafa farantin keratinized. Aljihun kunci a faɗaɗa bakin an daidaita su don ajiyar abinci. Katantanwa, ƙananan kifi, ɓawon burodi.
An daidaita ƙafafun duniya don yin iyo, haƙa ƙasa. Meman wasan ninkaya na ƙafafun gaba suna faɗaɗa don motsi, amma a yankin bakin teku suna ɗorawa don ƙafafun suna gaba. Limafafan iyo suna juyawa zuwa na'urori masu tono abubuwa.
Legsafafun baya tare da membran da ba su ci gaba ba suna aiki a matsayin abin ɗora yayin yin iyo, wutsiya a matsayin mai tabbatarwa. A kan ƙasa, platypus yana motsi kamar dabbobi masu rarrafe - ƙafafun dabbar suna a gefen jikin.
Wane nau'in dabbobi ne platypus yake?, ba a yanke shawara nan da nan ba. A yayin karatun ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, masana kimiyya sun kafa kasancewar gyambon ciki a cikin mata - wannan ya zama tushen tabbatar da cewa halittar ta musamman ta dabbobi ce.
Tsarin dabba yana da ban mamaki kuma. Zafin jiki na kawai 32 ° C. Amma a cikin jikin ruwa mai sanyi, a 5 ° C, saboda fadada hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa sau da yawa, dabbar tana kula da yanayin zafin jikin ta na yau da kullun.
Ptypus yana da amintaccen tsaro - miyau mai guba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci, tunda a dunkule dabbar ba ta da hankali, tana iya fuskantar abokan gaba. Guba ta kasance mai kashe ƙananan dabbobi kamar su dingo kare. Don mutuwar mutum, ƙaddarar ta yi ƙanƙanta, amma mai raɗaɗi, yana haifar da ɓuluwa na dogon lokaci.
Guba a cikin dabbar ana samar da ita ne daga glandon akan cinya, yana wucewa zuwa zafin jaraba a kafafun baya. An bayar da sashin kariya ne kawai ga maza; motsawar mata ta ɓace a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Spurs suna da mahimmanci ga maza don saduwa da juna, kariya daga abokan gaba.
Don haka, don kama dabbobi, an aika karnuka, waɗanda ke neman platypuses ba wai kawai a ƙasa ba, har ma a cikin ruwa. Amma bayan allura mai guba, mafarautan suka mutu. Sabili da haka, akwai kalilan makiya na platypus. Zai iya zama ganima ga damisa ta teku, saka idanu akan kadangaru, Python, wanda ke rarrafe a cikin kabarin dabbobi.
Irin
A cewar masana kimiyyar dabbobi, tare da macizai, ƙungiyar monotremes tana wakiltar platypus. Wane rukunin dabbobi yake gwargwadon halayen wannan dabba mai shayarwa, ba a gano ta kai tsaye ba. Dabbobi na musamman sun kasance a cikin dangin platypus, wanda shine kawai wakilin. Koda dangi na kusa da platypus basu da kamanni.
Dangane da oviposition, akwai kamanceceniya da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Amma babban bambanci a cikin hanyar madara na ciyar da zuriyar ya ba da dalilin rarraba platypus a cikin ajin masu shayarwa.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Yawan jama'ar Platypus suna zaune ne a cikin Ostiraliya, tsibirin Tasmania, Kunguru a kudancin tekun babban yankin. Babban yanki na rarrabawa daga Tasmania zuwa Queesland yanzu yana raguwa. Dabbar ta bace gaba daya daga yankunan Kudancin Ostiraliya saboda gurbatar ruwan da ke yankin.
Platypus a Ostiraliya yana zaune a wurare daban-daban na ruwa na ruwa, yankunan bakin ruwa na ƙananan koguna. Gidan mazaunin dabbobi shine ruwa mai ɗumi da zafin jiki na 25-30 ° C. Platypuses suna gujewa jikin ruwa mai ƙazanta, suna kula da gurɓataccen yanayi.
Dabba tana iyo tana nutsewa da kyau. Nutsewa cikin ruwa zai wuce minti 5. Kasance cikin tafki ya kai awanni 12 a rana. Platypus yana jin daɗi sosai a cikin dausayi, tabkuna, rafuka masu tsayi, rafuka masu dumi na wurare masu zafi.
Yanayin rayuwa na ruwa-ruwa yana da alaƙa da rukunin yanar gizo da aka fi so - kandami tare da yanayin nutsuwa tsakanin masu kauri a bankunan da aka ɗaga. Wurin zama mafi kyau ta bakin kogi mai nutsuwa ta cikin daji.
Activityarin ayyuka yana bayyana kansa da dare, da yamma da safe da yamma. Wannan shi ne lokacin farauta, tunda buƙata ta cike kayan abinci yau da kullun ya kai rubu'in nauyin dabbar. Da rana, dabbobin suna barci. Platypus yana neman ganima, yana juya duwatsu tare da bakinsa ko ƙafafunsa, yana ta da mutane marasa ƙarfi daga ƙasa.
Bakin kabarin dabbobi, madaidaiciya, tsawonsa ya kai mita 10, shi ne babban mafaka. Ginin mashigar karkashin kasa dole ne ya tanadi ɗaki na ciki don hutawa da haihuwar zuriya, ƙofofi biyu. Isaya yana ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi, a cikin daskararru masu kauri a tsayinsu ya kai mita 3.6 sama da matakin ruwa, ɗayan kuma tabbas yana cikin zurfin tafki. An tsara ramin shiga ta musamman tare da kunkuntar buɗe hanya don kiyaye ruwa daga gashin platypus.
A lokacin sanyi, dabbobi na kwana 5-10 a watan Yuli. Lokacin yana faɗuwa ne a jajibirin lokacin kiwo. Har yanzu ba a tabbatar da ƙimar hibernation ba. Zai yuwu cewa wannan shine buƙatar platypuses su tara makamashi mai mahimmanci kafin lokacin saduwa.
Endemics na Ostiraliya suna da alaƙa da mazauninsu, masu zaman kansu, ba sa yin nisa da layinsu. Dabbobin suna rayuwa su kadai, ba sa ƙirƙirar haɗin kai. Masana na kiran su halittun farko, ba a lura da su cikin wata dabara.
An yi taka tsantsan sosai. A wuraren da ba a dame su ba, filaye suna kusanci iyakar birni.
Da zarar an lalata platypuses saboda kyawawan gashinsu, amma an dakatar da wannan abun kamun kifi daga farkon karni na 20. Yawan jama'a ya ragu, kuma yankin ya zama mosaic. 'Yan Australia suna aiki don kare platypuses a cikin ajiyar kuɗi. Ana bayyana matsaloli a ƙaurawar dabbobi saboda ƙarin tsoransu, motsawar su.
Kiwo na kamuwa ba shi da nasara. Yana da wahala a samu wata dabba mai rikitarwa fiye da platypus - menene dabba iya barin rami saboda wata irin kara? Muryar da ba a saba ji ba ga platypuses, rawar jiki, tana fitar da dabbobi daga tsarin rayuwa na tsawon kwanaki, wasu lokuta makonni.
Hawan zomo a Ostiraliya ya kawo babbar illa ga yawan platypus. Tona ramuka da zomaye ke yi wa dabbobi masu lahani damuwa, yana sa su barin wuraren da suka saba. Haɗarin halaka saboda halaye na dabbobi masu shayarwa yana da yawa. An hana shi farauta, amma canza mazaunin yana da lahani a sakamakon ƙaddarar platypus.
Gina Jiki
Abincin yau da kullun na wannan dabba mai ban mamaki ya haɗa da ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban: ƙananan dabbobin ruwa, tsutsotsi, larvae, tadpoles, molluscs, crustaceans. Ptypus yana motsawa ƙasa da ƙafafunta, tare da baki - yana ɗaukar dabbobin da aka tayar a kumatun kunci. Baya ga mazaunan tafkin, rayayyun ciyayi kuma suna zuwa wurin.
A kan ƙasa, ana goge duk abin da aka farauta da hakoran jaraba. Gabaɗaya, platypus, mara ƙima a cikin abinci, yana buƙatar adadin abinci kawai. Kyakkyawan mai ninkaya ne wanda a hanya mai kyau da iya motsi, zai iya tara adadin adadin ƙwayoyin halittar da ake buƙata ta hanyar sanya wutar lantarki.
Ana lura da yawan wadatar zuci a cikin mata yayin lactation. Akwai sanannun misalai lokacin da mace mai laushi ta ci ƙimar abinci daidai da nauyinta kowace rana.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Tsarin haihuwa na maza kusan bai bambanta da dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, yayin da mace ke kusa da tsuntsaye ko dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin aikin kwai. Lokacin kiwo bayan gajeriyar rashin bacci ya fara daga watan Agusta zuwa karshen Nuwamba.
Namiji dole ne ya ciji wutsiyarta don jan hankalin mace. Dabbobin suna motsawa a cikin da'ira a ɗayan al'adun neman aure guda huɗu, kamar suna duban juna da kyau, sa'annan su yi aure. Maza suna auren mace fiye da daya, kada su samar da daidaitattun nau'i-nau'i.
Mace ta tsunduma cikin aikin ginin rami. Namiji an cire shi daga tsarin gida da kula da zuriyar. Burrow ya banbanta da matsuguni na yau da kullun a cikin tsayinsa mai tsayi, kasancewar ɗakin nest. Mace tana kawo kayan don ƙirƙirar gida tare da wutsiyarta a ɗaure a ciki - waɗannan tushe ne, ganye. Daga ruwa da baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyata ba, an toshe ƙofar tare da matosai na ƙasa mai kauri 15-20 cm. An yi maƙarƙashiya tare da taimakon wutsiya, wanda platypus ke amfani da shi azaman trowel.
Qwai yana bayyana makonni 2 bayan saduwa, yawanci guda 1-3. A cikin bayyanar, suna kama da kama - tare da kwalliyar fata mai laushi, kusan 1 cm a diamita. Danshi mai ɗumi a cikin gida ba ya barin ƙwai da aka sa ya bushe.
Suna haɗuwa da juna ta hanyar abu mai ƙyalli. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10. A wannan lokacin, mace tana kwance kusa, kusan ba ta barin ramin.
Sa Thean da ke huda harsashin da haƙori, wanda ya faɗo, ya bayyana tsirara, makaho, tsawonsa ya kai kimanin santimita 2.5. Mace na ɗaukar ɗanyen da aka kyankyashe zuwa cikin ta. Madara na fitowa ta cikin kofofin ciki, jarirai suna lasar sa. Madara na tsawon watanni 4. Idanuwa sun bude bayan sati 11.
A watanni 3-4, thean kwalliya suna yin kwalliyar farko daga cikin rami. Yayin ciyar da zuriyar, mace a wasu lokuta takan fita don farauta, sai ta rufe ramin da sandar ƙasa. Platypuses suna da cikakken 'yanci kuma sun balaga a cikin shekara 1. Ba a yi nazarin rayuwar dabbobi masu ban mamaki a yanayi ba. A cikin ajiyar kuɗi, yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 10.
Masanan basu warware matsalar ba da suna platypus menene dabba ya kasance a gabansa a matakin juyin halitta na ci gaba. Akwai cikakken rudani a cikin wannan lamarin. Platypus a cikin hoton ya sanya ra'ayi na abin wasa mai ban dariya, kuma a rayuwa ya ƙara mamakin masana har ma, yana tabbatar da kasancewar sa cewa halin mu yana ɓoye sirri da yawa.
