Ba guba ba ne, amma yana aika la'ana ne a kan mutane da dabbobinsu. Irin wannan jan karfe. Maciji yana nufin mai-siffa. Rusichi yayi imanin cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe manzon matsafa ne. Bayan sun sami maciji a farfajiyar gidan, Slav din ba su kuskura su kore shi ba.
Wani imani shi ne cewa mai jinin-sanyi zai ciji, ya aika da mummunar cuta. A cikin kabari, ya kamata ta kai ga ƙarshen rana. Da gaske yana iya cizon tagulla. Koyaya, babu guba a cikin hammatar dabbar. Dabba mai rarrafe tana samun ganima ta hanyar zagaye ta cikin zobe, ta matse da'irarsu, kamar mai hana ruwa gudu.
Bayani da fasali na tagulla
Medyanka haka ake suna saboda yana da launi launi na tama. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kakanninmu suka yi imani cewa bayan maciji ya sare su za su mutu da faɗuwar rana. A wannan lokacin, duniya ta haskaka da inuwa kamar tagulla. A cikin wannan launi, an jefa sikeli a cikin ciki na dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Bayanta da gefunan dabbar masu launin toka-toka-toka, ban da gutsure a kan kai. Hakanan akwai abubuwan sakawa na tagulla. A cikin maza, sun kusan ja. A cikin mata, launi ba shi da cikakke, mai launi. Jerin alamun launin ruwan kasa mai duhu na iya bayyana tare da jikin duka jinsunan.
Yawancin lokaci akwai layi 4 a kowane gefen macijin. Kunnawa hoto maciji jan karfe mafi sauƙin rarrabawa idan matasa. Tare da shekaru, launi mai rarrafe yana ɓarkewa da bambancinsa.
Sauran fasalolin tagulla sun haɗa da:
- tsawon jiki santimita 70-90
- ɓullo da musculature
- kai hade da jiki, wanda ke banbanta da tagulla daga macizai na yau da kullun, macizai
- jajayen idanu, saboda shi macijin ya fara danganta dangantaka da matsafa
- kamannin murmushi, ko kuma a ce, layin baƙar fata ne wanda ke wucewa daga sasannin baki zuwa idanun dabbobi masu rarrafe
- wutsiya, wanda tsawon sa bai wuce kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na tsawon jikin duka ba
- ofarfin wutsiya ya ninka ƙarfin jiki sau 4-6, saboda aikin kamawa
- Sikasai masu siffar yanayi da lu'u-lu'u a ciki, kan macijin
- Sikeli masu santsi duk jiki
Bayanin Copperhead byaliban zagaye suna haɓakawa. Maciji, wanda jaririn labarin ya rikice da mazauna, yana da ɗalibai tsaye. Macijin mai dafi kuma yana da duhu a bayansa. Zigzag ne. Kan maciji yana da tsayayyen miƙa wuya zuwa jiki. Sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe masu kama da kamannin tagulla, gami da girman.
Copperhead talakawa
Iri jan karfe
Tun da farko kan tambayar, menene macijin tagulla? akwai amsoshi 6. Koyaya, nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe guda 3 da ke rayuwa a Afirka, ta hanyar binciken kwayar halitta, an sanya su ga wani dangi daban. Akwai sauran zaɓuɓɓuka 3 da suka rage. Biyu daga cikinsu suna zaune a ƙasashen Asiya. Akwai tagulla:
- isa matsakaicin tsayin 90 cm
- bambanta da bambancin launi
- Tsaya cikin yalwa cikin launi mai launi, wanda ake musu laƙabi da launin ruwan ƙarfe na farin ƙarfe
A Indiya, akwai bakaken tagulla na baƙin ƙarfe. Ko da a Asiya akwai kusan macizai masu launin ruwan hoda. Koyaya, masana kimiyya basu rarrabe su zuwa rabe rabe ba. A cikin Rasha, ƙasashe maƙwabta da Turai, yawancin jinsunan da ke cikin rayuwa - jan karfe na kowa... Ta:
- Kadan ya wuce 70 cm tsayi. Yawancin macizai ba su da tsawon centimita 50-60.
- Mafi sau da yawa launin toka fiye da launin ruwan kasa kuma, ƙari, m.
- Kadan sau da yawa, ana yiwa dangin Asiya ado da launuka masu bambanci.
Kowace nau'in nau'in nau'in jan ƙarfe, tsarin ciki ɗaya ne. Zuciyar dabbar tana motsa pores zuwa jiki dangane da wurin da dunkulen abincin yake. An rage huhu guda ɗaya don macijin ya iya yin juyi da rarrafe cikin nasara. Kashi 15% ne kawai suka rage daga ciki. Huhu na biyu an miƙe zuwa sulusi na tsawon jikin tagulla. Hakanan akwai na tracheel daya. Wannan huhu, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, an haɗe shi zuwa trachea.
Rayuwa da mazauni
An bambanta Copperhead ta hanyar motsi, nimbleness. Mutumin da ke da jini mai sanyi wanda aka ɗaga ta wutsiya zai iya kaɗa jifa jikin shi sama. Ciwan Tagulla zai fada hannun mai laifin. Yiwuwar haɗuwa da tagulla ya fi girma da rana, tunda dabbobi masu rarrafe suna aiki yayin hasken rana. Dabbobi suna kwana a mafaka da daddare.
Wasu masu jini a jiki suna rarrafe a ƙarƙashin baƙin tsoffin bishiyoyi, a cikin ramin ɓatattun sandunan da ƙarƙashinsu. Sauran kufa suna neman mafaka a cikin dutsen dutse. Bisa ga wannan, zaka iya lissafin mazaunin macijin. Akwai ƙarin sharuɗɗa don daidaita daidaito:
- Copperhead yana son buɗe sarari, yana zaɓar tuddai da yankunan hamada, gefunan gandun daji da share fagen rayuwa
- dabbar tana zabar ciyawa kuma tana taka tsan-tsan, tana haduwa da makiyanta a can ta hanyar beraye, martens, bushiya, wasu tsuntsaye
- Copperhead na iya iyo, amma baya ɓoyewa a jikin ruwa daga abokan gaba, kuma baya farauta a cikin koguna da tabkuna
- wasu lokuta ana samun dabbobi masu rarrafe a manyan tituna da hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa
- jarumar labarin "tana numfasawa ba daidai ba" ga yashi, galibi ana samunsa a bakin rairayin bakin teku, tofar da bakin ruwa, ramin yashi
- maciji yana son ƙasa mai duwatsu, yana hawa cikin duwatsu
- zabar wurin zama, ana jan kan jan ƙarfe zuwa wurare masu haske, masu ɗumi
- mai jin daɗin jini ba ya zama a wuraren da matsakaita yanayin zafi a watan Yuli ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 18
- bask a rana, jarumar labarin ta fi son rarrafe da safe
Ta yanayin sanyi, jan ƙarfe yana neman mafaka don duk lokacin hunturu da 'yan hibernates. Sabili da haka, yiwuwar haɗuwa da maciji a cikin hunturu ba sifili. Fadowa bacci a lokacin hunturu, jan ƙarfe yana aiki kusan kwanaki 150 a shekara.
Bayan haduwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe, mutane da yawa suna mamaki Macijin maciji mai dafi ko a'a... An ba da amsar tambayar a farkon labarin. Koyaya, za'a iya samun wakilai masu yaduwa, kwayoyin cuta masu haɗari akan haƙoran dabba. Zai yiwu sepsis, wato, guba ta jini. Saboda haka, ana ba da shawarar waɗanda cizon jan ƙarfe ya cije su kula da rauni tare da maganin antiseptic kuma su nemi likita.
A cikin Rasha, kann tagulla yana karkata zuwa yankunan yamma, baya haɗuwa da gabashin Yammacin Siberia. Bayan haɗuwa da maciji a cikin wani yanki, haɗuwa na gaba yana yiwuwa. Coppers yankuna ne. A takaice dai, ana "rarrabe" abubuwa masu rarrafe zuwa ƙasashen da aka mamaye su, kiyaye iyakoki marasa ganuwa, waɗanda basa wuce su.
Ganin haɗari, ƙyallen jan ƙarfe ya birkita cikin ƙwallo, yayi murmushi. Daga wannan matsayin, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna yin jifa da kariya. Idan aka zaɓi mazauni, yadi na rani a lokacin rani a matsayin wurin zama, dabbar na iya rayuwa ba tare da faɗa ba. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sanin cewa:
- Kullun tagulla ba sa son hayaniya. Idan ka rataye kararrawa kusa da kasa, ko yada robobi, wanda zai rika shawagi a cikin iska, dabbobi masu rarrafe zasu tafi.
- Macizan jinsin suna gudu daga warin ulu na tunkiyar. Wani kuma, wanda aka shimfida shi da kewayen shafin, shima ya dace.
- Copperhead yana buƙatar gida a cikin hanyar ganyayyaki, rassan, rubabben dungu, wani shinge mai duwatsu. Idan basa kusa da gidan, to dabbobi masu rarrafe zasu bar wurin.
Macizai na jan ƙarfe kuma suna gudu daga ƙanshin ƙona roba, gishirin gishiri, da kananzir. Koyaya, waɗannan kamshin basu da daɗi ga mutane suma.
Ciyar da maciji
Mai mahimmanci ba kawai ba me macizan suke ciamma kuma yaya. Wakilan jinsi:
- Cutar ciki Magungunan tagulla suna haɗiye ganima cikin kashi biyu cikin uku na girman jikinsu.
- Walƙiya da sauri. Macijin yana jiran farauta cikin kwanto, yana tsalle daga ciki da kibiya yana nadewa da mamacin.
- Mai karfi. Musirƙirar ƙwanƙolin ƙarfe na tagulla yana ba shi izini ya shake wuyar wanda aka azabtar.
Tare da abincin jarumar labarin, an danganta raguwar lambarta. Macijin ya riga ya kasance a cikin Jahohi da yawa na Bayanai na Bayanai. Dabbar ta fi son cin kadangaru. Lambobinsu suna ta raguwa. Tare da shi, yawan macizai kuma na raguwa.
Ba shi da kadangaru "kusa", masu jan karfe suna farauta:
- kananan beraye
- kwari
- kwadi
- wasu jan karfe
Wakilan jinsi sun koma ga cin naman mutane a lokacin yunwa mai tsananin gaske. Don yin wannan, macijin yana buƙatar nemo wani, tunda gubar jan ƙarfe tana jagorantar salon kadaici.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Masu yin jan karfe suna shiga cikin tarin kawai yayin lokacin saduwa. Yana farawa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Bayan saduwa, sai namiji ya bar mace. Wancan ya ba da ƙwai kusan 12. Macizai sun kyankyashe daga gare su:
- mai cikakken zaman kansa
- a shirye su bar gida
- tare da tsira da dabarun farauta
Yana ɗaukar tsawon watanni 2.5 kafin macizan su haɓaka a cikin ƙwai. Haihuwar tagulla ana haifuwa a ƙarshen watan Yuli ko tsakiyar Agusta. Kullun tagulla suna kai wa ga balagar jima’i har zuwa shekaru 3. Tsufa yana farawa ne daga shekara 10. Matsakaicin rayuwar maciji shine shekaru 15.
