Macrurus - kifin da mutane suka sani da ɗanɗano. Ana iya samun sau da yawa akan ɗakunan ajiyar kayan kwalliya ko a cikin hanyar fillet. Amma mutane ƙalilan ne suka san yadda grenadier ɗin yake a zahiri kuma menene fasalin salon rayuwarsa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Makrurus
Macrurus kifi ne mai zurfin teku daga ajin ray fin. Wannan shine mafi girman aji - mafi yawan kifaye (kusan kashi 95) rayine ne mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. Hakanan an bambanta waɗannan kifin da gaskiyar cewa su abubuwa ne na kamun kifi, kuma grenadier ba banda haka. Kifi mai ƙarancin rai shine mafi dadadden wakilan kifi. Abubuwan da aka samo a farkon waɗannan kifaye sun fi shekaru miliyan 40 - babban kifi ne mai farautar zamanin Silurian. Yawancin kifin sun fi son ruwan sanyi, suna zaune a Rasha, Sweden, Estonia.
Bidiyo: Makrurus
An maye gurbin kifin rai da kifi mai kyau, amma yayin juyin halitta, kifin mai rai-kare ya kare matsayinsu a tekunan duniya. Godiya ga kashin baya da tsarin haske na fika-fikai, sun sami sassauƙa da ikon rayuwa cikin zurfin gaske. Macrurus yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kifaye masu zurfin zurfin teku, wanda ke riƙe da ilimin halittar ɗakunan ajiyar haske, amma a lokaci guda yana iya rayuwa cikin ƙarancin yanayin zafi da matsin lamba. Macrurus sananne ne a cikin ruwa da yawa, sabili da haka yana da ƙananan raƙuka sama da ɗari uku, ya bambanta da ilimin halittu.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan:
- karamin ido mai karamin ido shine grenadier mafi girma, wanda kawai za'a iya samun sa a cikin ruwan sanyi;
- Antarctic - babban kifi, mai wahalar kamawa saboda mazauninsu;
- comb-scaly - ba sananne a cikin kasuwancin ba saboda takamammen ɗanɗano da ƙaramin nama;
- Kudancin Tekun Atlantika - ƙananan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa a cikin kamun kifi;
- ƙananan ido - ƙaramin wakilin grenadiers;
- berglax - yana da mafi yawan idanu.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya grenadier ɗin ya yi kama
Macrurus tsayi ne mai tsawo, mai kama da digo. Tana da babban kai da jiki na tausa da jela. Wutsiyar kanta kanta bata nan kamar haka: wutsiyar grenadier ana kiranta tsari mai filamentous. Saboda yanayin wutsiyar, kifin na dangin dangi ne masu dogon lokaci. Kan yana da girma sosai. A kanta manyan idanun grenadier din suka fito karara, wadanda a karkashinta akwai kaikayin ido. Grenadier an rufe shi da kaifi, ma'auni masu kaifi - dalilin da yasa ba za a iya sarrafa kifin ba tare da safofin hannu ba, tunda akwai yiwuwar samun yankan kanka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A kan ɗakunan ajiya na shagon, ana iya ganin wannan kifin kawai a cikin sigar da aka yanka, ko kuma ana siyar da ɗan fillet kawai. Wannan saboda yanayin bayyanar grenadier ne da idanunsa masu firgitarwa da babban kai.
Grenadier launin toka ne ko ruwan kasa mai launin rawaya mai launin toka. Akwai fuka-fukai guda biyu masu toka a bayan grenadier - ɗayan gajere da babba, ɗayan kuma ƙarami ne kuma mai tsayi. Fananan fuka-fukai suna kama da hasken rana. Nauyin grenadier na mata daga mafi girman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na iya kaiwa kilogiram shida. Tsawon grenadier na Atlantic daga mita daya zuwa daya da rabi, matsakaicin tsayin mace daga 60 cm, da kilogiram 3., Weight. Bakin ya cika da hakora masu kaifi cikin layuka biyu. Tsarin jima'i a cikin kaɗan ne, mafi yawan lokuta ana bayyana shi a cikin girman grenadier.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saboda yanayin shari'ar da siririyar doguwar wutsiya, a cikin tsohuwar zamanin, ana kwatanta grenadier da beraye kuma ana tsammanin mai ɗaukar cuta ne.
Mafi kyawun grenadier shine babban grenadier. Duk ƙananan grenadier, ban da ƙananan ido, na iya samun irin wannan girman. Tsawonsa zai iya kaiwa mita biyu, kuma nauyinsa ya fi kilogram talatin. Manyan gurnetin, a matsayin doka, tsoffin mutane ne waɗanda suka kai zurfin sama da mita dubu 4.
A ina ne grenadier ke rayuwa?
Photo: Makrurus a cikin teku
Macrurus kifi ne na ƙasa wanda ke rayuwa galibi a cikin Tekun Atlantika da Pacific. Zurfin da yake faruwa daga kilomita biyu zuwa hudu ne, amma wani lokacin ma ya fi haka.
Babban aikin kamun kifin grenadier ya mai da hankali a wurare masu zuwa:
- Rasha;
- Poland:
- Japan;
- Jamus;
- Denmark;
- Arewacin Carolina;
- wani lokacin a mashigar ruwa ta Bering.
Kimanin nau'in grenadier ɗari biyu ke rayuwa a cikin Tekun Atlantika - wannan shi ne yawancin jama'a. Hakanan ana samunsa a cikin Tekun Okhotsk, amma nau'ikan guda huɗu ne kawai ake samu a wurin, kuma yawan jama'a ya zama ƙarami ƙwarai sakamakon kamun kifi. Rasha tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masunta da ke gurnani.
Mafi yawan lokuta ana kama shi a wurare masu zuwa:
- Alexandra Bay;
- bakin tekun Kamchatka;
- babban Shantar.
Yaran grenadier suna rayuwa a cikin ginshiƙin ruwa na sama, galibi suna tashi sama. Tsohuwar kifi sun tafi gindin, inda suke sauran rayuwarsu: girmar kifin, ya fi kusa da ƙasan yana rayuwa. Grenadiers na manya sun fi daraja a matsayin kifin kasuwanci, saboda haka kamun su yana da rikitarwa ta ƙauyukan ƙasa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An kama gurneti ta amfani da manyan raga da jiragen ruwa na musamman da za su iya tallafa wa babban nauyin kifin.
Menene grenadier yake ci?
Hotuna: Makrurus a Rasha
Macrurus kifi ne mai farauta. Babban abincinsa ya haɗa da ɓawon burodi da molluscs, da ƙananan kifi. Macrouses ba masu farauta ba ne; sun fi son zama a ƙasa cikin kwanton bauna, suna jiran ganimar da za su yi iyo da ita. Launin sake kamanni yana taimakawa grenadier a cikin wannan, tare da taimakon abin da ya haɗu da ƙasan. Nawa grenadier yake ci ya dogara da kakar. A cikin hunturu, waɗannan kifin suna rayuwa a ƙasa, suna rage nauyi kuma suna da wuya su ci. A lokacin kiwo, ba safai ake cin gurneti ba, amma bayan lokacin saduwarsu sai kara karfi suke yi har ma suna iya farauta mai karfi - bin farauta. Ana kama Macrouses ba kawai tare da raga ba, amma kuma tare da koto.
Babban katakon da grenadier ya ciji shine:
- kananan jatan lande;
- manyan tsutsotsi;
- kifin kifi;
- naman kaguwa (za a iya dan lalace yadda zai ji warin sosai);
- sikeli;
- echinoderm kifi;
- kifin sardine;
- kifin kifi da sauran kayan tarihi.
A cikin daji, grenadiers an lura da son squid, ophiur, amphipods, anchovies, da benthic polychaetes. Hakanan ana amfani da waɗannan kayan azaman koto, amma matasa gurnetin matasa ne kawai ke ɗauke su. Yana da wahala da karfin kuzari don kama grenadier koto. Wannan zai dauki lokaci mai tsawo da kuma yawaita, kamar yadda sauran kifayen zasu iya cizon sa. Nau'in kamun kifin grenadier shine babban gidan sauro wanda zai iya kaiwa ga manya manya.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Grenadier na kifi
Rayuwar grenadiers ya bambanta dangane da mazauni da shekarun kifin. Yana da al'ada don rarrabe nau'ikan salon rayuwar kifi. Ottasa - a zurfin fiye da mita dubu 4. Wannan salon yana dacewa da manya da manyan macrourids.
Mita 500-700 ita ce mafi zurfin zurfin da ake samun gurneti. Yawancin hanyoyin sadarwa an tsara su don ita. Animalsananan dabbobi da mata ne kawai ke rayuwa kusa da saman ruwan. Asali, grenadiers na maza kawai sun fi son zama a ƙasan. Mata da yara suna kiyayewa a cikin ruwa kuma galibi suna shawagi zuwa saman.
Macrurus kifi ne mai hankali, yana jagorantar salon rayuwa, wanda ke sa wuya a kamasu. Ba za a iya ganin su ba lokacin da grenadier ya ɓoye a ƙasa, yayin da yake haɗuwa tare da taimako. Ba su da bambanci a cikin halayen tashin hankali, idan akwai haɗari sun gwammace kada su kare kansu, amma su gudu. A lokacin lokacin saduwa, grenadiers na maza na iya yin tashin hankali, gami da mutane.
Cizon grenadier ba kisa ba ne, amma yana da zafi saboda layuka biyu na haƙoran kaifi, kuma haƙoran grenadier suna da ƙarfin isa don cizawa ta cikin tsaunin chitin na ɓawon burodi da molluscs.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Makrurus a ƙarƙashin ruwa
Grenadiers suna ba da kifi wanda ya kai ga balagar jima'i tsakanin shekaru 5 da 11 (ya dogara da grenadier). A lokaci guda, girman batun kifin - aƙalla cm 65, amma bai fi 100 ba, tunda ana ɗaukar manyan kifi tsohuwa don haifuwa. Mata da maza suna rayuwa daban - mata suna cikin rukunin ruwa, kuma maza suna ɓoye a ƙasan. Sabili da haka, mata suna jagorancin rayuwa mafi inganci, farauta mafi sau da yawa kuma galibi suna zama abubuwan kamun kifi. Hawan grenadier yana ci gaba duk shekara, amma ya kai kololuwa a bazara. Boyayyar hanyar rayuwar wannan kifin baya bada damar tabbatar da ko gurnetin din yana da wasu wasanni na aure da na al'ada.
An lura da maza don zama masu saurin rikici yayin bazara. Za su iya cizon juna kuma su kai hari ga wasu nau'ikan kifaye. Hakanan, maza suna da nauyi sosai yayin haihuwa, saboda suna cikin bincike na mata koyaushe. Mace tana yin ƙwai sama da dubu 400, wanda girmanta kusan mil da rabi ne. Mace ba ta nuna damuwa ga qwai ba, don haka akasarin kwai kifayen da yawa ne ke cin su, ciki har da grenadiers da kansu. Cin naman mutane ba bakon abu bane a tsakanin wannan jinsi. Babu cikakkun bayanai kan rayuwar gurneti, amma yawancin jinsin suna rayuwa sama da shekaru 15.
Karatun sikelin ya nuna tsawon lokacin da grenadiers ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa masu zuwa:
- kifin Tekun Okhotsk ya rayu har zuwa ashirin;
- grenadiers na Tsibirin Kuril na iya rayuwa har zuwa arba'in;
- Grenadiers mafi dadewa har yanzu kifi ne daga Tekun Bering - sun rayu sama da shekaru 55.
Abokan gaba na grenadier
Hoto: Yaya grenadier ɗin ya yi kama
Macrurus wani ɓoyayyen kifi ne mai ɓoyayyuwa, don haka yana da 'yan maƙiyan makiya. An tsara yawan jama'a ta hanyar kamun kifi na yau da kullun da kifayen da ba sa cin karensu ba babbaka wanda ba sa bin farautar makami don gurnani.
Mafi sau da yawa, grenadier yakan zama ganima:
- nau'ikan kananan kifaye. Waɗannan sun haɗa da shark ɗin herring shark, katako mai yatsan ruwa, babban goblin shark, kifin kifin kifin;
- babban haskoki shida (mai farin kai, mara motsi), wanda galibi ya kan yi tuntuɓe a ƙasan mafaka na grenadiers;
- Atlantic bighead, shima yana jagorancin rayuwa ta kusa-da-ƙasa;
- babban nau'in tuna, wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan sturgeon;
- batizaurus mai kama da yaƙi wani lokacin yakan haɗu a cikin raga tare da gurneti, wanda ke nuni da wuraren zama na yau da kullun da kuma yuwuwar farautar batizaurus don grenadiers.
Macrurus yana da 'yan makiya wadanda zasu iya gurgunta yawan jama'ar ta. Yawancin kifin da ke zaune kusa da grenadier suna da kariya ko kuma suna cikin haɗari. Saboda yanayin jikinsa, grenadier din baya iya samarda saurin gudu a guje daga masu farauta: wutsiyarsa mai rauni da babban kai suna bashi damar cin nasara ne kawai a sake kamanni. A lokaci guda, kasancewa kifi mai wuce gona da iri, grenadier baya amfani da hakora masu ƙarfi da haƙora masu kaifi don kare kai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Makrurus
Macrurus muhimmin kifi ne na kasuwanci wanda aka kama a ƙasashe da yawa a duniya. Saboda yanayin rayuwarsa a cikin zurfin teku, a cewar masana kimiyya, yana daya daga cikin kifi mafi “tsabta,” tunda yana rayuwa ne a cikin layin da ruwa bai rufe ba. An kure sikeli mai kaifi na grenadier. Ana yanka gawar gunduwa-gunduwa ko kuma a yanke fillet kawai daga ciki, wanda ake sayar da shi a daskarewa.
Naman Grenadier fari ne da ruwan hoda mai kaushi, matsakaici mai nauyi. Yi girki kamar kowane farin kifi dafaffe. Grenadier caviar shima yana da daraja sosai a kasuwa saboda yana kama da caviar kifin kifi a cikin bayyanar da dandano, amma yana da ɓangaren ƙananan ragi. Pates da abincin gwangwani an shirya su daga hanta na grenadier - ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne na abinci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Macrurus bashi da ɗanɗano ɗanɗano na kifi, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake ɗaukar naman sa a matsayin abinci mai ɗanɗano. Ya yi kama da kaguwa ko jatan lande a dandano da daidaito.
Duk da irin kamun kifi da yawa, gurnetin ba yana gab da halaka. Rashin abokan gaba na halitta da kuma sirrin, irin yanayin mazaunin ruwa yana ba shi damar kula da yawan jama'a a cikin iyakokin al'ada. Koyaya, yana da wuya a ambaci ainihin adadin mutane, tunda salon gurnetin yana haifar da wahalar nazarin su.
Macrurus Shin kifi ne mai ban mamaki Dangane da yanayinta da salon rayuwarta, ya kasance gama gari kifin mai ƙarancin haske wanda baya ɓacewa saboda kamun kifi na duniya. Amma salon rayuwarsu yana wahalar da karatu daban-daban na masana kimiyya da masu ilimin halitta, don haka akwai ɗan bayani kaɗan game da wannan kifin.
Ranar bugawa: 25.07.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/29/2019 da karfe 20:54
