Sunan Latin na wakilan arachnids "Solifugae" na nufin "tserewa daga rana." Solpuga, kunamar iska, bihorka, phalanx - ma'anoni daban-daban na halittar mahaifa wanda kawai yake kama da gizo-gizo, amma na dabbobi masu komai. Wannan maƙaryaci ne na ainihi, tarurruka wanda zai iya ƙarewa cikin cizon mai raɗaɗi.
Gizo-gizo solpuga
Akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da solpugs. A Afirka ta Kudu, ana kiran su masu gyaran gashi saboda sun yi imanin cewa mazaunin mazaunin ƙasar suna haɗe da gashin mutum da na dabba, wanda ke da ƙoshin gaske ta masu amfani da chelicerae.
Bayani da fasali
Tsuntsayen Asiya ta Tsakiya suna da tsayin kusan 5-7 cm Babban jikin mai siffa. A kan cephalothorax, ana kiyaye shi ta garkuwar chitinous, manyan idanuwa masu fitowa. A gefen idanun ba su ci gaba ba, amma suna amsawa ga haske, motsiwar abubuwa.
Gabobi 10, jiki rufe da gashi. Taman farji na gaba yana da tsayi fiye da ƙafafu, suna da lamuran muhalli sosai, suna aiki kamar gabobin taɓawa. Gizo-gizo yana amsawa nan take don kusantowa, wanda ya sa ya zama kyakkyawar maharbi.
Equippedananan gaɓoɓin kafa suna sanye take da ƙusoshin ƙwallon ƙafa da villi na tsotsa wanda ke ba da damar hawa saman tsaye. Gudun gudu har zuwa 14-16 km / h, wanda aka lakafta wa gizo-gizo iska kunama.
Abin sha'awa cewa tsarin solpuga gabaɗaya, abu ne mai matukar mahimmanci, amma tsarin tracheal a jikin mai farauta shine ɗayan mafi dacewa tsakanin arachnids. Jiki launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ne, wani lokacin fari, tare da dogon gashi. mutane masu launin duhu ko canza launin motley suna da wuya.
Firgitar da tantiyoyi da saurin motsi suna haifar da sakamako mai firgitarwa. Solpuga a hoto yayi kama da karamin dodo Gashi a jikin akwatin sun banbanta. Wasu suna da taushi kuma gajere, wasu kuma suna da tsauri, da spiny. Gashin kansa dayawa yana da tsayi sosai.
Babban makamin mai farautar shine babban chelicerae tare da kaska, kama da ƙusoshin kaguwa. Solpugu an banbanta shi da sauran gizo-gizo ta hanyar iya cizawa ta ƙashin mutum, fata, da ƙananan ƙashi. Chelicerae sanye take da yankan gefuna da haƙori, waɗanda yawansu ya banbanta daga jinsuna zuwa jinsuna.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Gizo-gizo solpuga - mazaunin mazaunin stepes, hamada na wurare masu zafi, yankuna masu zafi. Wani lokaci ana samunsa a wuraren daji. Babban yankin rabarwar shine Afirka ta Kudu, Pakistan, Indiya, Arewacin Caucasus, Crimea, Yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya. Mazaunan Spain da Girka sun san masu cin abincin dare. Ra'ayi daya gama gari sananne ne ga duk mazaunan wurare masu zafi da hamada.
Yawancin mafarautan dare suna ɓoyewa da rana a cikin burbushin haƙoran da aka watsar, a tsakanin duwatsu ko kuma a cikin gidajensu na ɓoye, waɗanda suke haƙawa tare da taimakon masu yin burodi, suna watsar da ƙasa da ƙafafunsu. Haske na jan hankalinsu ta hanyar tarin kwari.
Saboda haka, suna zamewa a saman hasken wutar, katako na tocila, zuwa tagogin da aka haskaka. Akwai jinsunan da ke aiki yayin rana. Irin waɗannan wakilai masu son rana a Spain ana kiransu "gizo-gizo rana". A cikin terrariums, solpugs suna son yin kwalliya ƙarƙashin hasken fitilun ultraviolet.
Ayyukan gizo-gizo an bayyana ba kawai a cikin gudu mai sauri ba, har ma a cikin motsi na karkatacciyar hanya, tsallake tazara mai nisa - har zuwa mita 1-1.2. Lokacin haduwa da abokin gaba, masu tayar da hankulan suna daga gaban jiki, faratan suna budewa kuma suna fuskantar abokan gaba.
Harsh da shrill suna ba wa gizo-gizo azama a cikin hari, tsoratar da abokan gaba. Rayuwar masu farauta yana ƙarƙashin yanayi. Da isowar lokacin sanyi na farko, suna hibernate har sai ranakun bazara masu dumi.
Yayin farauta, solpugs suna yin sautin halayya, kwatankwacin niƙa ko hujin ihuwa. Wannan tasirin yana bayyana ne saboda gogewar chelicera don tsoratar da abokan gaba.
Halin dabbobi na tashin hankali ne, ba sa tsoron mutum ko kunama mai dafi, har ma suna faɗa da juna. Saurin saurin walƙiya na mafarauta yana da haɗari ga waɗanda abin ya shafa, amma su da kansu da wuya su zama ganimar wani.
Spider solpuga transcaspian
Yana da wuya a fitar da gizo-gizo wanda ya shiga cikin alfarwa, ana iya share shi da tsintsiya ko kuma a murƙushe shi a farfajiya mai wuya, ba shi yiwuwa a yi haka a kan yashi. Cizon buƙata suna buƙatar wankewa tare da maganin antiseptics. Salpugs ba guba ba neamma dauke da cututtuka akan kansu. Game da raunin rauni bayan harin gizo-gizo, za a buƙaci maganin rigakafi.
Irin
Solungiyar solpugi ta ƙunshi iyalai 13. Ya ƙunshi zuriya 140, kusan nau'in 1000. Runduna mai dubun dubatar dabbobi sun bazu a nahiyoyi da yawa, ban da Ostiraliya da Antarctica:
- sama da nau'in 80 - a cikin yankuna na Amurka;
- game da nau'ikan 200 - a Afirka, Eurasia;
- Nau'ikan 40 - a Arewacin Afirka da Girka;
- 16 nau'in - a Afirka ta Kudu, Indonesia, Vietnam.
Salpuga gama gari
Daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan:
- gishirin gama gari (galeod). Manyan mutane, har zuwa girman 4.5-6 cm, launin launi-rawaya-launi. Launin baya ya fi duhu, launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Ofarfin matsewa ta hanyar chelicera shine irin wannan solpuga yana riƙe da nauyin jikinsa. Babu ƙwayoyin cuta masu guba. Dangane da yankin rarrabawa, ana kiran gishirin gama gari na Kudu ta Kudu;
- Saltpuga na Transcaspian... Manyan gizo-gizo 6-7 cm tsayi, launin ja-ja-launi na cephalothorax, tare da taguwar ciki mai toka. Kirgizistan da Kazakhstan su ne manyan wuraren zama;
- fesa gishiri mai hayaki... Giant gizo-gizo, sama da 7 cm tsayi. Ana samun masu farautar launin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa a cikin yashin Turkmenistan.
Shan taba Salpuga
Duk gizo-gizo ba mai dafi ba ne, kodayake, haɗuwa da su ba zai haifar da da mai ido ba har ma ga mazaunan yankunan da ba mazaunan wurin ba.
Gina Jiki
Cutar da gizo-gizo yake yi cuta ce. Waɗannan su ne ainihin mafarautan da ba su san jin daɗin ƙoshi ba. Babban kwari da ƙananan dabbobi sun zama abinci. Woodlice, millipedes, gizo-gizo, termit, beetles, kwari sun shiga cikin abincin.
Filin Salpuga yana afkawa dukkan rayayyun halittu masu motsi wadanda suka dace da girmansa har sai ya fadi daga yawan cin abinci. A California, gizo-gizo yana lalata amya ta kudan zuma, yana ma'amala da kadangaru, kananan tsuntsaye da kananan beraye. Wadanda abin ya shafa su ne kunama masu haɗari da solpugi da kansu, suna iya cinye ma'auratan bayan sun gama jima'i.
Solpuga yana cin kadangaru
Gizo-gizo ya kama ganima tare da saurin walƙiya. Don cinyewa, gawar tana yagewa, chelicerae ta dafashi. Sannan ana jika abinci da ruwan narkewa ana sha da gishirin fesawa.
Bayan cin abinci, cikin yana girma sosai cikin girma, tashin hankali na farauta ya ragu na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Waɗanda suke son kiyaye gizo-gizo a cikin terrariums ya kamata su kula da yawan abincin, saboda fatalwa na iya mutuwa daga yawan cin abinci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Tare da farkon lokacin saduwa, haduwar nau'i-nau'i yana faruwa ne bisa ƙamshin ƙanshin mata. Amma ba da daɗewa ba salpuga, ɗauke da 'ya'ya a cikin oviducts, ya zama mai tsananin tashin hankali da zai iya cin abokin tarayya. Ingantaccen ciyarwa yana haɓaka ci gaban matasa a cikin mahaifar.
A cikin sirrin sirri, bin cigaban amfrayo, da farko sanya cuticles na faruwa - qwai wanda jariran suka balaga. Zuriya suna da yawa: daga magada 50 zuwa 200.
Qwai Salpugi
A cikin cuticles, 'ya'yan bebe ba su da motsi, ba tare da gashi da alamun haɗuwa ba. Bayan makonni 2-3, jarirai suna zama kamar iyayensu bayan zoben farko, suna samun gashi kuma suna daidaita dukkan gaɓoɓi.
Toarfin motsawa kai tsaye yana haɓaka cikin motsa jiki. Filin Salpuga kare yaro, ya bada abinci har zuriya ta kara karfi.
Babu wani bayani game da ran rayuwar wakilan arthropods. Yanayin samun farauta a cikin ɗakunan ajiya ya bayyana kwanan nan. Wataƙila lura kusa da mazaunin phalanx zai buɗe sabbin shafuka a cikin bayanin wannan mazaunin yashi mai mazauni na yankuna masu zafi.
Sha'awa a cikin dabbar da ba a saba gani ba tana bayyana ne a bayyanar jaruman wasan kwamfuta, hotuna masu ban tsoro da kuma jan hankali. A kan solpuga yana zaune akan intanet. Amma za a iya samun ainihin gizo-gizo mai farauta a cikin namun daji.
