Kudancin kasar Japan shine kuregen itacen (Pentalagus furnessi) ko zomo amami. Ita ce tsohuwar Pentalagus da ta wanzu, tare da magabatanta a cikin shekarun kankara na ƙarshe shekaru 30,000 zuwa 18,000 da suka gabata.
Alamomin waje na kanzon kurege na kasar Japan
Hare-tsaren hawan Japan yana da matsakaicin tsayi na jiki na 45.1 cm a cikin maza kuma 45.2 cm a mata. Tsawon jelar ya fara daga 2.0 zuwa 3.5 cm a cikin maza kuma daga 2.5 zuwa 3.3 cm. Girman mace yawanci ya fi girma. Matsakaicin nauyi ya fito daga kilogiram 2.1 zuwa kilogiram 2.9.
An rufe kurege mai hawa Jafananci da babban launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙin fur. Kunnuwa gajeru ne - 45mm, idanuwa kanana ne, faratan suna da girma, har zuwa tsawon 20 mm. Tsarin hakora ga wannan nau'in shine incisors 2/1, canines 0/0, premolars 3/2 and molar 3/3, 28 hakora gaba ɗaya. Girman babba yana da alamar ƙarami, mai kwance a kwance, yayin da a cikin hares din yana da tsaye a tsaye ko mai nuna yanayin.
Yaduwar kurege Jafananci
Kudan zomo na kasar Japan ya bazu a wani karamin yanki mai tazarar kilomita 335 kawai kuma ya samar da mutane 4 da aka rarrabasu a wurare biyu:
- Amami Oshima (712 km2 duka yanki);
- Tokuno-Shima (248 km2), a cikin Kagoshima Prefecture, a kan tsibirin Nansei.
An kiyasta cewa za'a rarraba wannan nau'in a kan 301.4 km2 akan Tsibirin Amami da kuma 33 km2 akan Tokuno. Yankin tsibirin duka 960km2 ne, amma ƙasa da rabin wannan yankin yana ba da mazaunin da ya dace.
Wurin zama na kurege na Japan
Kurege na hawan Japan suna asali suna rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka manya-manya, lokacin da ba a samun yawan faduwa. Tsoffin gandun daji sun rage yankinsu da kashi 70-90% a shekarar 1980 sakamakon sare bishiyoyi. Animalsananan dabbobi yanzu suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka na bakin teku na cycad, a cikin wuraren tsaunuka tare da gandun daji na itacen oak, a cikin dazuzzuka daɗaɗɗun bishiyoyi da kuma cikin yankuna da aka yanke su da ciyawar shekaru. Dabbobin suna kafa ƙungiyoyi huɗu daban-daban, uku daga cikinsu ƙananan ƙanana. An yi alama a tsawa daga matakin teku zuwa mita 694 akan Amami da mita 645 akan Tokuna.
Hawan Jafananci suna ciyarwa
Hawan kurege na Jafananci yana cin nau'ikan nau'ikan shuke-shuke 12 da shuke-shuke 17. Yawanci yana cin ferns, acorns, tsiro da ƙananan shuke-shuke. Bugu da kari, gurbataccen abu ne kuma yana cin najasa, wanda ingin tsire-tsire mai yauki ya zama mai taushi da rashin kauri.
Kiwo kanzon kurege na kasar Japan
Hares ɗin hawa hawa na Jafananci sun hayayyafa a cikin rami a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, galibi ana samunsu a cikin gandun daji mai yawa. Ba a san tsawon lokacin gestation ba, amma kuna yin hukunci ta hanyar haifuwar nau'ikan halittu masu alaƙa, kusan kwanaki 39 ne. Akwai yawancin yara biyu a kowace shekara a cikin Maris - Mayu da Satumba - Disamba. Cubaya ɗaya ne aka haifa, yana da tsayin jiki na 15.0 cm da jela - 0.5 cm kuma yana da nauyin gram 100. Tsawon gaba da gaban gabobi shine cm 1.5 da 3.0 cm, bi da bi. Kudan zomayen kasar Japan suna da gida biyu daban:
- daya don ayyukan yau da kullun,
- na biyu don zuriya.
Mata na yin ramuka kusan mako guda kafin haihuwar ɗan maraƙi. Burrow yana da diamita na santimita 30 kuma an yi masa layi da ganye. Mace wani lokacin tana barin gida har tsawon yini, yayin da take ɓoye ƙofar tare da dunƙulen ƙasa, ganye da rassa. Dawowa baya, sai ta ba da wata gajeriyar sigina, tana mai sanar da kumbibin dawowar ta cikin "ramin". Mata masu hawan hawan Japan suna da nau'i uku na mammary gland, amma ba a san tsawon lokacin da suke ciyar da ɗiyansu ba. Bayan watanni 3 zuwa 4, zomayen samari suna barin kabarinsu.
Fasali na halayyar kurege ta Japan
Hareshin hawa na Japan ba dare ba rana, suna zama a cikin kaburburansu da rana kuma suna ciyarwa da dare, wani lokacin suna motsawa mita 200 daga ramin su. Da dare, galibi suna motsawa tare da hanyoyin daji don neman tsire-tsire masu ci. Dabbobi na iya iyo. Domin zama, namiji daya yana bukatar fili mai girman hekta 1.3, mace kuma tana bukatar kadada 1.0. Yankunan maza suna juyewa, amma yankunan mata ba su taɓa yin kamala ba.
Kurege na hawa Jafananci suna sadarwa da juna ta siginar murya ko ta buga ƙafafun kafa na baya a ƙasa.
Dabbobi suna ba da sigina idan mai farauta ya bayyana a kusa, kuma mace ta sanar da yaran ta wannan hanyar game da dawowar ta gida. Muryar haushin Japan tana kama da sautukan pika.
Dalilan da suka sa aka samu raguwar adadin kuregen hawa Jafananci
Hare-hauren hawa hawa na Japan suna fuskantar barazanar nau'in haɗari da lalata mazauninsu.
Gabatar da diga-dago, wanda ke hayayyafa da sauri ba tare da manyan masu kama-karya ba, da kuliyoyi da karnuka masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a kan tsibiran biyu da ganima ta hauhawar Japan.
Lalacewar wuraren zama, ta hanyar sare bishiyoyi, raguwar yankin tsoffin dazuzuwa da kashi 10-30% na yankin da suka mamaye a baya, ya shafi adadin hare-haure na kasar Japan. Gina wuraren shakatawa (kamar su wuraren koyon golf) a tsibirin Amami ya tayar da hankali saboda yana barazanar barazanar mazaunin nau'in.
Matakan kiyayewa don kurege mai hawa hawa na Japan
Kureren Jafananci na buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman saboda iyakantaccen yanki na kewayon halittarsa; adana wuraren zama yana da matukar mahimmanci ga maido da dabbar da ba ta da yawa. Don wannan, ya zama dole a dakatar da gina hanyoyin daji da kuma rage yanke tsoffin dazuzzuka.
Tallafin da gwamnati ke bayarwa na tallafa wa gina hanyoyi a wuraren dazuzzuka, amma irin waɗannan ayyukan ba su dace da kiyaye kanzon kurege na Japan. Bugu da kari, kashi casa'in na tsohon yankin daji mallakar masu zaman kansu ne ko na cikin gida, yayin da sauran kaso 10% mallakin gwamnatin kasa, don haka kariyar wannan nau'in da ba safai ake samu ba ba zai yiwu ba a dukkan yankuna.
Matsayin kiyayewa na kurege mai hawa Jafananci
Hare-tsaren hawan Japan na cikin haɗari. An yi rikodin wannan nau'in a kan Lissafin IUCN, saboda wannan dabbar da ba ta da yawa tana rayuwa ne a wuri ɗaya kawai - a kan tsibirin Nancey. Pentalagus furnessi ba ta da matsayi na musamman a cikin Yarjejeniyar Ciniki ta inasashen Duniya a cikin Dabbobin da ke Haɗari (CITES list).
Hare-kuren hawa Jafananci a cikin 1963 sun sami matsayin abin tunawa na musamman na ƙasa a Japan, don haka, harbi da tarko shi haramun ne.
Koyaya, yawancin wuraren da yake zaune har yanzu yana tasiri ta hanyar sare dazuzzuka ga masana'antar takarda. Ta hanyar dasa dazuzzuka a cikin lalatattun wurare, ana iya samun sauƙin wannan matsin lamba akan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Adadin da ake da shi yanzu, wanda aka kiyasta daga najji kaɗai, ya fara daga 2000 zuwa 4,800 a Tsibirin Amami da kuma 120 zuwa 300 a Tsibirin Tokuno. An kirkiro shirin kiyayewa kan kare kurege a shekarar 1999. Tun daga shekarar 2005, Ma’aikatar Muhalli ke ci gaba da aikin kawar da daguwar daddare don kare zinare da ba safai ba.
