Fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye dubu 10.5 sanannu ne a duniya. Lambar da aka bayar tana raguwa sosai kowace shekara, kuma mafi yawan tsuntsayen sun riga sun bace. Ana kiran tsoffin mazaunan "kayan tarihi", mutane da yawa masanan ilimin ɗabi'a kawai ba su da lokacin bincika da bayyana su.
A halin yanzu, masu kare fure da fauna sun shiga damuwa da kiyayewa tsuntsaye masu haɗari... Abubuwan tarihin suna ƙarƙashin kariyar jihar da ikon sarrafa adadi mai yawa. An lura da tsananin yanayin wurin da wadannan tsuntsaye suke.
Akwai dalilai da yawa na bacewar tsoffin tsuntsaye:
1. Na halitta. Yawancin samfurai kawai ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin dumi ba.
2. Kauyukan birni. Akwai 'yan wurare na asali na asali waɗanda suka rage; megacities sun maye gurbin gandun daji da steppes.
3. Ilimin yanayin kasa. Fitar da hayaki mai iska a sararin samaniya da tekunan duniya suna haifar da adadi mai yawa na cututtuka masu hadari.
4. Mafarauta. Suna kama tsuntsayen da ba safai suke sayar da su da kuɗi masu yawa ba.
Ina so in lissafa sunayen tsuntsayen da basu da yawa, lambar su a doron duniya ta tashi daga dubun dubbai zuwa dubbai da yawa. Kididdiga ta nuna cewa yankunan da aka kiyaye ne kawai ke iya kiyaye tsuntsaye masu hatsari.
-Unƙwasa mai ƙafafun Asiya
Tsuntsaye mafi ƙaranci a duniya Is the Red-footed (Asiya) ibis. A dabi'a, wannan halittar mai ban mamaki tana rayuwa a Gabas ta Gabas ta Rasha, a China da Japan. Dangane da bayanan farko, a farkon karnin da ya gabata, adadin wadannan tsuntsayen sun kai 100.
Yanzu yana da wahala ayi lissafi daidai, Ibis ya fi son zama a cikin bishiyoyi masu tsayi da kuma cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka. Bayyanar tsuntsu yana da kyau: farin farin farin dusar ƙanƙara yana rufe jiki; baki, kai da kafafu launin ja ne mai haske; an kawata kambi da kyakkyawan tsefe. Dalilin bacewar jinsunan ana daukarta a matsayin farauta da kuma sare dazuzzuka.
Ja-kafa (Asiya) ibis
Mikiya mai kururuwa
Sarkin iskar tsibirin Madagascar shine Screamer Mikiya. A cikin karnin da ya gabata, yawan wannan nau'in ya ragu matuka, zuwa da dama dozin-nau'i.
Wannan tsuntsu daga dangin shaho ya fi son 'yanci ta kowane fanni. A halin yanzu, wurin zama karamin tsibiri ne a yammacin tsibirin. Tsawon jiki ya kai 58-65 cm, fikafikan fikafikan yana 1.5-2 m.
Jiki da fuka-fuki baƙi ne, launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka mai duhu. Wani fasali na gaggafa shi ne farin farin dusar kankara, wuya da jela. Mikiya tana son tsaunuka, ta fi son zama kusa da ruwa.
A hoto, tsuntsu shine mai yin dirar mikiya
Spatelteil
Spatelteil ɗan tsuntsaye ne ƙarami, wanda ya kai tsayinsa kaɗai daga cm 10-15. Ana iya danganta shi da gaskiya tsuntsayen da ba su da kyau... Bambancin wannan misalin ya ta'allaka ne da bayyanarsa.
Baya ga gaskiyar cewa jikin yana rufe da haske mai haske, wutsiya fuka-fukai ne kawai huɗu. Biyu daga cikinsu gajeru ne, sauran biyun kuma suna da tsayi, suna da tassel mai launin shuɗi mai haske a ƙarshen.
Saboda yawan sare dazuzzuka na gandun daji mai zafi, an tilasta wa tsuntsayen yin ƙaura kuma ana iya ganin sa ne kawai a ɓangarorin nesa na ƙasar Peru, misali, a Rio Utkumbuba.
Hoton baƙon tsuntsu ne na Spatelteil
Kayan duniya
Akwai gandun daji mai danshi na kudancin Sumatra wanda yake da ƙarancin wakilin gidan cuckoo - Earthen. Tsuntsu yana da kunya sosai, saboda haka yana da matsala a bayyana shi da kama shi a hoto.
An fara gano shi ne shekaru dari biyu da suka gabata. An dauki lokaci mai tsawo ana nazarin halaye da kukan tsuntsu. Ruwan tabarau da makirufo na kyamarorin zamani ne kawai suka iya ɗaukar Duniyar Cuckoo. An rufe jikin da fuka-fukan fata masu launin baƙi ko ruwan kasa. Scallop da wutsiya kore ne mai duhu. Masana kimiyyar halittu sun kirga mutane 25 kawai.
A cikin hoton, dunkulalliyar ƙasa
Bengal bustard
A cikin tudu da rabin hamada na Indochina, yana da matukar wuya a sami gandun dajin Bengal. Babban dalilan raguwar su ne farauta maras karfi da yawan magungunan kashe qwari.
A baya can, tsuntsun yana zaune a manyan yankuna na Nepal, Indiya da Kambodiya. Bustard yana da kyau, kodayake shima yana iya tashi. Launin jiki na iya zama launin toka-toka ko duhu mai duhu. Dogon wuya fari ne ko baƙi. Yanzu akwai kusan mutane 500.
Hoton Bengal bustard
Honduras Emerald
Honduras Emerald ita ce mafi yawa tsuntsayen duniya, na mallakar hummingbird ne masu karamin karfi. Tana da karami karami, kimanin cm 9-10. Karamin karami karami an lullube shi da gashinsa masu yawa, a kai da wuya launi yana kama da tamau.
Bakin bakin da ya fi tsayi shi ne sulusin girman tsuntsun. Mazaunin yana da dazuzzuka dazuzzuka. Wanda yake da fuka-fukai ya fi son bushewar yanayi, yana guje wa gandun daji masu dausayi.
Bird Honduras Emerald
Kakapo
Kakapo dangi ne na aku, amma wannan tsuntsu abin birgewa ne kuma mai ban sha'awa cewa, da yake kun san shi da kyau, kuna son kallon shi har abada. Me ya sa? Tsuntsun yana tafiyar da rayuwar dare ne kawai kuma baya san menene tsuntsu.
Mahalli na asali - New Zealand. Aku yana tafiya tare da dabbobi masu rarrafe da macizai. Tana da filayen koren haske, gajerun kafafu, babban baki da wutsiya mai launin toka. Ya fi son zama a cikin kabura, yawancin samfurin ana adana su sosai a cikin ajiya, a cikin daji yawansu ya kai mutane 120.
Hoton tsuntsu ne mai kakapo
Wuta
Palyla tsuntsu ne mai ban sha'awa daga dangin finch. Ana kuma kiranta "saffron finch flower girl", mazaunin aljanna tsibirin Hawaiian. Bakin bakinsa karami ne, tsayin jiki ya kai 18-19 cm, kai da wuya an zana su da zinare, ciki da fuka-fuki fari ne ko launin toka.
Tsuntsayen sun fi son busassun dazuzzuka da tsaunuka, suna ciyar da 'ya'yan da baho na sophora na zinariya. Ya kasance a kan dab da karewa saboda yankewar wata itaciya mai yawan gaske.
A cikin hoton, wani tsuntsu da ba safai ake yinsa ba
Mikiya ta Philippines
Babban wakili na dangin shaho shi ne gaggafa ta Philippines, ɗayan ɗayan rarest da mafi girma a duniya. Ana daukar tsuntsaye a matsayin dukiyar kasa ta kasa, kuma duk wani mummunan tasiri ga tsuntsun to doka ce ta hukunta shi.
Wuraren zama - kawai yankin tekun Philippines. Mutanen suna kiran tsuntsun "mai garayu", yawancin mutane a cikin ɗabi'a mutane 300-400 ne kawai. Dalilin raguwar lambobi shine yanayin mutum da lalata sararin samaniya.
Tsawon jiki 80-100 cm, fikafikansa ya fi mita biyu. Baya da fikafikan launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu, cikin ciki fari ne, katon baki, ƙafafun kafa masu ƙarfi. Mikiya na son farautar birai bibbiyu.
Mikiya ta Philippine
Mujiya Nightjar
Mujiya Nightjar tsuntsu ne mai matukar ban al'ajabi da kasada. An samo shi ne kawai a tsibirin New Caledonia. Masu lura da tsuntsaye sun yi sa'a don gani da bayyana mutane biyu kawai. Tsuntsaye ba dare ba ne, gida a cikin ramuka mai zurfi ko kogo mai nisa.
Nightjars ba su da kowa, yadda suke yin aiki cikin yini ba a yi nazari ba. Kan yana zagaye, jiki yana da tsayin 20-30 cm, bakinsa ƙarami ne, an zagaye shi da dogayen gashin baki. Mutum ya kan ji cewa tsuntsun ba shi da bakin magana, wanda ake kira "owl frogmouth".
Tsuntsun Mujiya na Bird
Menene ƙananan tsuntsaye a cikin fadin kasarmu? Da alama jihar ta tsaurara shirin don kula da dabbobi da dabbobi, ana gudanar da tsauraran matakai kan masu farauta, ana kirkirar wuraren adana dabi'u ... Kuma duk da haka, akwai tsuntsaye da yawa da ke gab da halaka a kasar.
Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya ne kawai ya rage a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, inda tsuntsaye ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Yankin Amur na kudu shine ainihin kusurwar da ƙanƙarar iska ba ta isa ba.
Masana kimiyya-ornithologists gabaɗaya sun yi iƙirarin cewa zuriyar tsuntsayen zamanin sun rayu a nan kawai. Wannan yana bayyane ta hanyar sifofin tsarin jikinsu da alamun dadaddun jinsunan. Ina so in jera tsuntsayen da ba su da kyausamu a yankin Na Rasha.
Fari-ido
Farin-ido tsuntsaye ne dadai masu haske, masu kauri. Sashin sama na jiki da fuka-fuki fentin koren haske ne, ciki da goiter masu launin lemon ne. Bakin bakinsa karami ne, wani fasali ne na daban - ido yana kewaye da farin iyaka.
Mazaunan bel, daji da gefen gari mai dumbin yawa. Dangane da bayanan kimiyya, fararen idanun tsuntsu ne na wurare masu zafi, amma saboda wasu dalilai ta zabi dazukan Amur. Yana yin gida mai yawa a cikin kauri, yana ajiye biyu-biyu ko garken tumaki, wani lokacin shi kadai.
A cikin hoton tsuntsu ne mai fararen idanu
Aljanna Flycatcher
The Paradise Flycatcher tsuntsu ne mai zafi wanda ke rayuwa musamman a Koriya, China, India da Afghanistan. Saboda wasu dalilai da ba a sani ba, yawan tsuntsayen ya koma yankunan gabar teku na Rasha da Asiya ta Tsakiya.
An lullube jikin da elongated da leman lemu a saman, an zana kai a cikin shuɗi mai haske. The flycatcher tsuntsayen ƙaura ne; ya zaɓi ƙasashenmu saboda harbewar ceri na tsuntsaye. Yana jin daɗin tsiro da irin wannan tsiron. An yi wa jikin ado da doguwar jela mai tsayi, kuma an buɗe babbar duwawu a kai yayin tashi.
Tsuntsun gidan aljanna flycatcher
Rose itacen teku
Rose gull yana nufin nau'in tsuntsaye masu wuya saboda kasancewar tsuntsun mazaunin sa yana da iyaka. Wani fasalin gull shine launin ruwan hoda wanda ba a saba gani ba, wanda yake da gaske.
Yankin asalin halitta ana ɗauke shi a matsayin Kolyma, yankin tsakanin kogunan Yana, Indigirka da Alazeya. Wasu lokuta bishiyar fure-fure tana ta yawo a tafkunan Amurka, wanda hakan ba safai yake faruwa ba. Gidarsa a cikin yankin tundra, inda akwai tabkuna masu yawa, baya son zama tare da mutane. Yanzu tsuntsun yana cikin tsananin kariya da kuma ƙididdigar lambar.
Ya tashi gull tsuntsu
Duck Mandarin
Mafi kyawun wakilin agwagwa shine agwagwar mandarin, ta fito ne daga ƙasar Japan. Gida - gandun daji masu yawa na Gabas ta Tsakiya (yankunan Amur da Sakhalin). Duananan duck gandun daji mai haske mai haske.
Yana zaune cikin dazuzzuka na kogunan tsaunuka, yin iyo da nutsuwa sosai, yana ciyar da shuke-shuke na ruwa da bishiyoyi. Duck din mandarin kyakkyawa ce mai tafiyan jirgin sama, amma, galibi ana iya ganin sa zaune akan rassan. Yana cikin littafin Red Book na Rasha. Babban dalilin raguwar lambobi shine farauta da karnukan gandun daji, wadanda ke cutar da gidajen tsuntsaye.
Hoto shi ne agwagwar mandarin
Matakan Merganser
Scaly Merganser yana cikin tsoffin tsoffin mazaunan duniyarmu. Kakannin wannan duck ana daukar su "ichthyornis", bayyanannen kamanceceniya a tsakanin su shi ne sabon tsarin hakora a baki, wanda ya tuna da hacksaw.
Tsarin jiki karam ne, an daidaita shi, jiki matsakaici ne a cikin girma. Tsuntsu yakan tashi da sauri, yayi nutso kuma yayi iyo da kyau. Babban abincin shine soya da ƙananan kifi. The merganser yana zaune tare da bankunan koguna da tabkuna. Nau'o'in kiwo a cikin wuraren da ba za a iya samunsu ba, yana da wahalar gani da samun gurbi. Sashin sama na jiki launin ruwan hoda ne, kuma akwai mashi masu haske a jikin fuka-fukan wanda ke haifar da tasirin sikeli.
A hoto Scaly Merganser
Dutse mai yatsa
Dutse mai birgima tsuntsu ne mai ƙasƙanci da kunya tare da kyawawan waƙoƙi. Ana iya jin sa sau da yawa fiye da yadda ake gani. Wurin da yake zaune shi ne tsaunukan dutse da kuma gandun daji itacen al'ul. Gidajenta suna da girma sosai, saboda haka bashi yiwuwa a ga gida da kwanciya. Akwai lokuta lokacin da damuwar ta sanya gwanin ginin daidai a ƙasa tsakanin duwatsu. Birdananan tsuntsu yana da launi mai ban mamaki na plumage.
Thrarfin ya dace da mazaunin sa, ya zama shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko azurfa. Ciki mai launin bulo ne ko ja. Dutse mai birgima babban mawaƙi ne, ana iya jin abubuwan da yake so a cikin radius na ɗaruruwan mita. Tsuntsu kuma yana son yin kwafin wasu sautunan da suke masa sha'awa: birgima, atishawa, sirens ...
A cikin hoton, tsuntsun shine Tashin dutse
Okhotsk katantanwa
Okhotsk katantanwa nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwa ne wanda ba safai ake samun sa a Gabas ta Tsakiya ba. Koyaya, yawancin tafiye-tafiye masu ban sha'awa sun sami waɗannan tsuntsayen a gabar Tekun Okhotsk, Kamchatka da Sakhalin.
Tsayin jiki tsawon cm 30-32 ne.Kan yana da ƙanƙan girma tare da dogon baki, mai lankwasawa sama. Lilin yana da launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa. Yana ciyarwa akan kananan molluscs, kifi da kwari. A halin yanzu, wannan nau'in nau'ikan ruwa yana karkashin tsaro kuma yana da kyau tsuntsayen da ba safai ba, yawan mutane kusan 1000 ne.
Okhotsk tsuntsun tsuntsu
Blue magpie
Magauren magufin shine wakilin mafi ƙarancin gidan Corvidae, mazaunin gabashin Asiya. Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki suna yaba shi saboda launi mai ban mamaki - babban ɓangaren jiki an rufe shi da launin shuɗi mai haske. An zana kai baƙar fata, an ja layi mai tsauri tare da bakin. Tsawon jiki shine 35-40 cm, ciki ya zama m ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa - an raba mazaunin magpie ta hanyar babbar tazara. Wani sashi yana cikin Turai (yankin Iberian), ɗayan - a Transbaikalia, yankin Baikal, China, Korea, Japan da Mongolia.
Blue magpie
Black crane
Bakin katako shine mafi ƙarancin dangi. Jinsi iri-iri musamman a Rasha. An jera crane a cikin Red Book, har yanzu ba a yi nazari sosai ba, yanzu akwai kusan mutane dubu 9-9.5.
Wannan tsuntsuwar karama ce, tsayinta yakai cm 100 kawai. Lilin yana da launin toka mai duhu ko shuɗi, wuyansa dogo fari. Bakin bakin yana da launi mai ɗanɗano, akwai tabo mai haske a kan kambin kai, babu fuka-fukai a wannan yankin, sai gajerun matakai masu saurin rufe fata. Habitat - filayen fadama mai wahalar isa da fadama, suna ciyar da abincin tsirrai da asalin dabbobi.
A cikin hoton akwai katako mai baƙar fata
Dikusha
Dikusha ƙarancin karatu ne kuma tsuntsu ne mai wahala daga dangi. Ta hoto yana cikin wuri mai daraja a tsakanin ba safai ba hadari tsuntsaye... Tsohon mazaunin taiga yana da halayyar abokantaka kuma baya tsoron mutane kwata-kwata.
Da wannan dalilin ne ya zama ganima ga mafarauta da yawa. Tsuntsu yana da girman girma, yana da launin ruwan kasa, launin toka mai duhu ko baƙi. Zai yiwu a sami ɗigon fari a tarnaƙi da baya. Yankin Amur yankin da Sakhalin. Yana ciyarwa akan allurai, kwari, 'ya'yan itace da tsaba. Da ƙyar yake tashiwa, yana motsa galibi a ƙasa.
A cikin hoton, tsuntsun wani kayan kwalliyar daji ne
Ina so sosai nau'in tsuntsaye masu wuya farantawa ido lokaci mai tsayi. Duk ya dogara ne akan mutumin kawai, saboda zaka iya tsara wuraren kariya masu yawa inda tsuntsayen zasu ji daɗi kuma baza suyi ƙaura daga mutane ba.
