Miniaramin ƙaramin kwari daga umarnin Hymenoptera - tururuwa, alama ce ta aiki tuƙuru. Abilityarfin motsa abubuwa sau da yawa nauyinta na musamman ne. Wasu nau'ikan basuda cutarwa kwata-kwata, amma akwai wadanda suke da hadari ga lafiyar dabbobi da mutane.
Bayani da sifofin tururuwa na wuta
Halin rashin lafiyan kai tsaye shine ƙarami wanda ke faruwa lokacin ana tururuwa ta hanyar tururuwa ta wuta, fatalities ne sananne. Kwarin ya samo suna ne saboda guba da ke dauke da sinadarin alkaloid solenopsin, wanda ake fitarwa yayin cije shi.
Yana shafar kwayoyin halitta kamar wuta. Babu ƙaramin haɗari shine gaskiyar kwalliyar su da sabbin halaye tare da lalata halittun da ake dasu. Ita kanta tururuwa asalin ƙasar Brazil ce, amma tuni ta bazu ta hanyoyin teku zuwa China, Australia, New Zealand, USA, da Philippines.
Duba mai ban tsoro hoton tururuwa na wuta. Amma har yanzu, waɗannan ƙananan halittu ne tare da ingantattun kayan aikin locomotor. Suna da ƙafa shida masu ƙarfi sosai.
Jiki daga 2 zuwa 6 ml, tsayin ya dogara da mazaunin ƙwarin. A cikin gidan tururuwa ɗaya, duka marmashi da “ƙattai” suna rayuwa tare. Jikinsu kashi uku ne: kai, kirji, ciki.
Ba su da launi ja kawai, akwai launin ruwan kasa ko jan yaƙutu. Launin ciki koyaushe yana da duhu. Wadannan kwari ana kiransu jama'a saboda matsayin da ake ciki yanzu:
- mata - tare da fikafikan fuka-fuka, eriya mai jan hankali har zuwa inji mai kwakwalwa 12;
- suma maza suna da fikafikai, tare da gashin baki har guda 13;
- ma'aikata - ba tare da su ba, aiwatarwa har zuwa 12 inji mai kwakwalwa.
Dukanmu muna da babban gashin baki - scape. Harson yana ɓoye a cikin ciki, amma akwai rashi tare da bayyananniyar allura.
Wutar tururuwa ta rayuwa da mazauninsu
Yanayin dumi zai zama wuri mai kyau don tushen tururuwa Sabili da haka, sun fi son zama a cikin yankuna masu dacewa da ke kusa da ƙasar noma, amma za su iya zama a cikin mazaunin mutum kanta.
A matsayinsu na daidaikun mutane, suna nan kuma suna farauta tare. Da farko, suna yadawa ta kafafuwan ta jikin wanda aka azabtar, suka shiga cikin fatar, sannan da taimakon harbawa, wani allurar sankararren allurar allurar.
Dogaro da sashi, wanda aka azabtar yana fama da ciwon da ba za a iya jurewarsa ba da rauni irin na ƙonewar zafi, ko kuma ya mutu gaba ɗaya. Tare da zaman lafiya a cikin gidan tururuwa, za a iya gano rabe-raben nauyi, wani ya gina, ya kiyaye, ya shayar da zuriya, yana da alhakin tanadi.
A cikin ƙasashen mazaunin su, ana kashe kuɗi da yawa kan maganin sinadarai na ƙasa, kula da dabbobi, da kula da sakamakon cizon don lalata tururuwa.
Sun yi ƙoƙari su kawar da gida ta hanyar haƙa maɓuɓɓuka, amma mata masu hankali suna ɓoyewa a cikin hanyoyin da yawa na ɓoye, zuwa zurfin 1 m, sannan su ci gaba da daidaitawa. Akwai lokuta lokacin da aka cire mutane daga inda suke zaune, kuma jan wuta tururuwa zauna.
Wutar tururuwa abinci
Da alama baƙon abu ne, amma akwai wani abu mai amfani daga waɗannan mafarautan. Suna cin kwari na amfanin gona:
- hatsi da hatsi;
- shinkafa;
- sukari, da dai sauransu.
Amma cutar har yanzu ta fi girma. Daga wutar tururuwa ƙananan amphibians suna fama da mummunan rauni, wanda dole ne ya canza yanayin su, halayyar su da rashin ƙwai da aka sa.
Kwari ba sa jituwa da "danginsu", ire-irensu, suna gasa don abinci. Su ba kawai masu cin nama ba ne amma har ma da shuke-shuke. Kunnawa hoto tururuwa kusan ana nuna shi ɗauke da wani abu a bayansa don gini ko abinci:
- harbe, tushe na shuke-shuke;
- kwari daban-daban, kwari;
- tsutsa;
- dabbobi masu rarrafe
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar tururuwa ta wuta
Hanyar kiwo faduwar tururuwa masana kimiyya basu riga sun yi cikakken nazari ba, ba a tabbatar ba. A baya can, an yi imani da cewa tsakanin kwari, drones na zuma a wasu lokutan ana yin su ta hanyar cloning.
Amma mata da maza na wannan nau'in suna da ikon samar da kwafin kwayar halittar kansu, wanda ke nuna rabuwar gidajen ruwa. Yin jima'i yana faruwa ne kawai don samun mutane masu aiki waɗanda ba za su iya haihuwar zuriya ba.
Duk da takaddamarsa da wasu nau'ikan halittu, kimiyya ta san gaskiyar tsallakawa tare da wasu tururuwa masu alaƙa da juna, tare da samuwar zuriya mai zuwa.
Yawancin matan sarauniya suna zaune a gidan tururuwa, don haka babu ƙarancin aiki. Ana iya ganin larva bayan mako ɗaya bayan kwanciya ƙwai har zuwa 0.5 mm a diamita. Bayan 'yan makonni, haɓakar su ta tsaya, kuma ana samun brood.
A cikin jariri, a matakin kwayar halitta, tsinkayen ƙanshin mahaifinsa ya shimfida. Tsawan rayuwar shi daga shekaru 3 ko sama da haka, a wannan lokacin ne mutum guda zai iya samar da tururuwa kusan rabin miliyan. Rayuwar wasu ta dogara da:
- yanayin damina, inda ya fi ɗumi, can ya fi tsayi;
- matsayi, wuraren aiki da maza suna rayuwa na tsawon kwanaki, watanni da yawa, har zuwa iyakar shekaru 2;
- nau'in kwari.
