Fauna na matsananci Arctic
Harsharancin ƙarshen Arctic ya wuce Arctic Circle. Wannan ita ce ƙasar hamadar da ta rufe dusar ƙanƙara, iska mai sanyi da ta permafrost. Hawan ruwa ba safai a nan ba, kuma hasken rana ba ya shiga cikin duhun daren polar har tsawon watanni shida.
Abin da dabbobi ke rayuwa a cikin Arctic? Ba shi da wuya a yi tunanin irin yanayin daidaitawar halittun da ke akwai dole ne su, tilasta musu yin tsananin hunturu tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara da ƙanƙarar kankara da sanyi.
Amma, duk da mawuyacin yanayi, kusan dozin iri suna rayuwa a waɗannan sassan dabbobin arctic (a kan hoto zaka iya gamsar da bambancin su). A cikin duhu mara ƙarewa, wanda hasken arewa kawai ke haskakawa, dole ne su rayu kuma su sami abincinsu, suna yaƙi kowane lokaci don wanzuwarsu.
Halittu masu fuka-fukai suna da sauƙin lokaci a cikin mawuyacin yanayin da aka ambata. Saboda halayensu na halitta, suna da ƙarin damar rayuwa. Abin da ya sa ke nan sama da nau'in tsuntsaye sama da dari ke zaune a ƙasar maras tausayi arewa.
Mafi yawansu baƙi ne, suna barin ƙasar da ba za a iya jin daɗin ta ba a alamun farko na lokacin sanyi mai gabatowa. Tare da farkon lokacin bazara, suna dawowa don cin gajiyar kyaututtukan ma'anar arctic yanayi.
A cikin watanni na rani, akwai wadataccen abinci fiye da Yankin Arctic, da hasken rana da dare - sakamakon doguwa, watanni shida, ranar polar yana taimakawa dabbobi da tsuntsayen Arctic sami kanka abincin da kake buƙata.
Ko da lokacin rani ne, yanayin zafin a wannan yankin ba ya tashi sosai ta yadda ƙangin dusar ƙanƙara da kankara da ke faɗuwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci sun ba da damar hutawa daga matsalolin da ke cikin wannan masarauta da aka yi dusar ƙanƙara, ban da ɗan gajeren lokaci, wata ɗaya da rabi, babu. Ruwan sanyi mai sanyi da raƙuman ruwan Atlantika ne kawai ke kawo dumi a wannan yankin, dumamar yanayi, ya mutu daga mamayar kankara, ruwa a kudu maso yamma.
A cikin hoto, dabbobin Arctic
Koyaya, yanayi ya kula da yuwuwar riƙe zafi, rashin jinsa ana jinsa koda lokacin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani, da tattalin arzikinta mai ma'ana a cikin halittu masu rai: dabbobi suna da dogon gashi mai kauri, tsuntsaye - lamuran da suka dace da yanayin.
Mafi yawansu suna da kauri mai larura da ake buƙata sosai. Ga yawancin dabbobi da yawa, ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa yana taimakawa don samar da ƙimar zafi daidai.
Wasu daga cikin wakilan Far North fauna an rarrabe su da ƙananan kunnuwa da ƙafafu, tunda irin wannan tsarin yana basu damar daskarewa, wanda ke sauƙaƙawa ƙwarai rayuwar dabbobi a cikin Arctic.
Kuma tsuntsaye, saboda wannan dalili, suna da ƙananan baki. Launin halittun da ke yankin da aka yi bayanin galibi fari ne ko haske, wanda kuma ke taimaka wa nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta su daidaita kuma su zama marasa ganuwa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
Wannan shi ne duniyar dabba ta Arctic... Abin mamaki ne cewa da yawa daga cikin nau'in fauna na arewa, a cikin gwagwarmaya da rikitarwa na mawuyacin yanayi da mummunan yanayi, suna hulɗa da juna, wanda hakan ke taimaka musu sosai wajen shawo kan matsaloli tare da guje wa haɗari. Kuma irin wadannan abubuwa masu rai na halittu masu rai wata hujja ce ta na'urar mai kwakwalwa ta yanayi dayawa.
Polar bear
Bayanin dabbobi a cikin Arctic Ya kamata ku fara da wannan ainihin halittar - mai haske wakilin Far North fauna. Babba ne mai shayarwa, na biyu cikin girma tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke rayuwa a duniya, hatimin giwaye ne kawai.
Maza na wannan dangi na kusa dango mai launin ruwan kasa a wasu lokuta suna kai yawan abin da ya kai kilogram 440. Su ne masu haɗari masu haɗari, ba sa tsoron sanyi saboda kasancewar kyakkyawar gashi mai gashi, fari a lokacin sanyi da rawaya a watannin rani.
Suna iyo da kyau, basa zamewa a kan kankara saboda ulu a tafin kafa, kuma suna yawo, suna yawo a kan kankara na kankara. Belar Bears sun zama gwaraza na kyawawan labarai da tatsuniyoyi game da su Dabbobin Arctic don yara.
Reindeer
Babban mazaunin tundra mai dusar ƙanƙara. Akwai barewar daji, amma wasu daga cikinsu mutanen arewa ne ke mallakar su. Tsawon shari'ar tasu ta kai kimanin mita biyu, kuma tsayin da ya bushe bai wuce mita ba.
Reindeer an rufe shi da fur, wanda ya canza launi daga launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa, gwargwadon lokacin. Sun mallaki ƙahoni, kuma idanunsu suna yin haske da duhu a cikin duhun dare. Reindeer wani gwarzo ne na shahararrun labarai game da dabbobi a cikin Arctic.
Reindeer a cikin hoton
Farar kunkuru
Rabin gado ya yi kokarin kasancewa kusa da garken makiyaya. Wannan shine yadda wadannan tsuntsayen suke samun damar cin abinci. Reindeer da ke yayyage dusar ƙanƙara tare da kofofin su don neman laushi, yantar da ƙasa daga murfin dusar ƙanƙara, yayin buɗe hanyar samun abinci ga maƙwabta.
Yankin arewacin sanannen tsuntsu ne, kyakkyawa na gaske a cikin yankin permafrost. A lokacin tsananin tsananin sanyi, ya kusan zama fari-ƙirin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma kawai wutsiyar ta bambanta da baƙin launi.
Hoton ptarmigan ne
Alamar hatimi
Dabba ne mai shayarwa, wanda ya faɗi ƙasa da ƙafa biyu kuma ya kai kilo 65. Irin waɗannan halittun suna rayuwa ne galibi a yankunan teku mai zurfin gaske, inda suke da wadataccen kifi a gare su, wanda yawanci suke ci.
Wadannan sune mafiya yawa dabbobin arcticwaɗanda suka fi son zama su kaɗai kuma yawanci ba sa barin gidajensu. Suna haƙa manyan matsugunansu daga sanyi da baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyata ba daidai cikin kaurin dusar ƙanƙarar, suna yin ramuka a waje don yiwuwar tserewa da numfashi. Hannun jariri, an lulluɓe shi da farin ulu, an haife shi ne a kan ƙanƙarar kankara.
Damisa ta teku
Wani mummunan ɓarnar arctic ɗan gidan hatimi. Ya fi son kadaici, wanda shine dalilin da yasa damun damisa suke kamar ba su da yawa. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa yawansu yakai rabin miliyan miliyan.
Dabbar tana da jikin maciji, sanye take da hakora masu kaifi, amma tana da kyau sosai, kodayake a waje ya sha bamban da wakilan dangin ta.
A cikin hatimin damisa
Walrus
Mafi girman mazaunin Arctic, wanda girman sa ya wuce 5 m kuma ya kai kimanin tan daya da rabi. Walrus a dabi'ance suna da hawan hawan ban sha'awa na kusan mita a tsayi, wanda suke iya tunkudar da mai haɗari mafi haɗari - dabbar daji, wanda ya fi son kada ya yi rikici da irin wannan ganimar, da ƙarancin nuna sha'awa a ciki.
Waldawa suna da ƙwanƙwasa da ƙashi mai ƙarfi, fata mai kauri. Tare da taimakon kahoransu masu kaifi, suka fasa ƙasa mai laka ta teku, suna samun aƙasasshe a can - babban abincinsu. Wannan halitta ce mai ban mamaki, kamar da yawa dabbobin arctic, a cikin Littafin Ja da aka jera a matsayin rare.
Iyakacin duniya Wolf
Ana samun sa a duk kusurwan Yankin Arewa mai Nisa, amma yana zaune ne kawai a kan ƙasa, yana fifita kada ya fita kan kankara. A waje, wannan dabba tana kama da babban (nauyi sama da kilogiram 77) karensa mai kaifi mai kaifi da laushi, galibi yana faduwa wutsiya.
Launi mai kauri mai ɗamara mai ɗumi biyu mai haske ne. Kyarketai masu kaifin baki suna da komai kuma suna iya cin kusan dukkan nau'ikan abinci, amma zasu iya rayuwa ba tare da abinci tsawon mako guda.
iyakacin duniya Wolf
Iyakacin duniya bear
An yi la'akari da ɗan'uwan fari, amma yana da tsayi mai tsayi, tsarin da ba shi da kyau; mai ƙarfi, mai kauri, amma gajerun ƙafa da ƙafafu masu faɗi, taimaka masa lokacin tafiya cikin dusar ƙanƙara da iyo.
Tufafin dabbar na polar doguwa ne, mai kauri kuma mai laushi, wanda ke da launi mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan madara, wani lokacin ma har da fari-fari. Nauyinsa kusan kilogram ɗari bakwai ne.
iyakacin duniya bear
Miski sa
Dabbobi suna rayuwa a yankin Arctic da dadaddun tushe. Ko da mutumin da ya tsufa yana farautar shanu da miski, kuma ƙasusuwa, ƙaho, fata da naman waɗannan dabbobin sun kasance babban taimako ga kakannin mutanen zamani a rayuwarsu mai wuya.
Maza na iya yin nauyi zuwa kilogiram 650. Manyan wakilai na wannan nau'in suna zaune a yamma da Greenland. Hooasassun kofato masu ban sha'awa sun taimaka wa shanu musk don motsawa kan duwatsu da kankara, don tara dusar ƙanƙara mai kauri don neman abinci.
Hakanan a cikin wannan ana taimaka musu da ƙamshi mai ban mamaki. An yiwa mazajen ado da ƙaho. Irin wannan mummunan makamin yana taimaka musu kare kansu daga bera, kerkeci da kerkeci.
Bighorn tumaki
Yana zaune ne a cikin Chukotka, yana da ƙaƙƙarfan gini, ƙahonin ban sha'awa, gashi mai ruwan kasa-mai ruwan kasa-kasa, kan mai ban sha'awa da gajeren bakin bakin baki. Waɗannan halittun suna rayuwa a tsakiyar tsaunuka da kuma kan tsaunuka a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi har zuwa mambobi biyar.
Saboda karancin abinci a lokacin hunturu da karancin karfin haihuwa, da kuma lalacewar da kungiyoyin makiyaya suka yi, babban garken tumakin na gab da halaka.
Hoto shine babban tumaki
Kurege Arctic
Wannan kanzon kurege ne, wanda ya banbanta da takwarorinsa a cikin girman girmansa. A waje, yana kama da zomo, kuma kawai doguwar kunnuwa alama ce ta daban. Zomo na Arctic yana zaune a cikin yankin Greenland da arewacin Kanada. Dabbobin suna da saurin gudu zuwa 65 km / h.
Ermine
An rarraba shi a yankuna da yawa, gami da mazaunin taiga da tundra. Dabba ce mai saurin walwala, mara dadi, mai farauta tare da jiki mai tsayi da wutsiya mai laushi.
Tana ciyar da abincin dabbobi. Da gaba gaɗi ya afkawa wanda aka azabtar, ya wuce girman shi, zai iya cin nasarar kama kifi. Kuskuren ba ya haƙa ramuka, amma yana neman mahalli na asali don zama a ciki.
Arctic fox
Wani mai farauta na dangin canine. Tana yin kara kamar kare, tana da doguwar jela, kuma gashi yana kiyaye ƙafafunsa. Jimirin sa ya sabawa kwatancen, saboda yana iya jure yanayin sanyi na hamsin, yana tserewa a cikin layukana masu rikitarwa da aka tono a cikin dusar ƙanƙara tare da hanyoyi masu yawa.
Abincin karnukan Arctic sun hada da abincin dabbobi, galibi suna cin naman beraye da sauran ƙananan dabbobi, ba tare da ƙyamar gawa ba. A lokacin rani, suna saturate jiki tare da ajiyar ganye, algae da berries.
Arctic fox a cikin hoton
Yin lemo
Representativearamin wakilin dangogin da ke zaune a tsibirin Arctic Ocean. Jikin lemming din an lullubeshi da launin ruwan-toka-mai-toka-toka-toka ko toka. Yana da gajerun kunnuwa da jela, kuma yawanci tsayinsa ba ya wuce 15 cm.
A cikin hoton, lemar dabba
Wolverine
Wani memba daga cikin dangin weasel, wanda aka ba shi laƙabi na aljanin arewa, mai farauta mai tsananin ɗabi'a tare da mummunan ci.
Akwai hare-haren irin wadannan halittu a kan dabbobi har ma da mutane, wanda dabbobin, bi da bi, suka sha wahala, bayan an yi musu kisan gilla. Amma a lokacin rani, wolverines suna jin daɗin cin 'ya'yan itace, kwayoyi da ƙwai tsuntsaye.
Narwhal
Wannan babban kifi ne ko babban kifin dolphin na Arctic, wanda ya kai tsawon kimanin mita 6, wanda kuma ake kira da teku unicorn, tunda maza suna da dogayen dogaye.
An samo shi a gefen tekun Greenland da Alaska, haka kuma a arewacin ruwan Kanada. Yana da launi mai ƙwanƙwasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Jikin narwhal yana da madaidaiciyar siffa mai kyau don iyo.
Narwhal (Tekun unicorn)
Kifin Whale
Ya fi narwhal yawa, kodayake ana ɗauka danginsa ne mafi kusa. Whalebone da harshe mai ban sha'awa suna ba shi ikon ɗaukar katako wanda ke ƙarfafawa a cikin faranti, kodayake wannan dabbar ba ta da haƙora.
Wannan wata tsohuwar halitta ce mara lahani wacce ta rayu cikin ruwan sanyi shekaru da yawa. Daidai ne ake ɗaukar halittu a matsayin manyan wakilan fauna na duniya, nauyinsu a wasu yanayi ya kai kusan tan 200. Suna yin ƙaura tsakanin tekun sandunan sanyi guda biyu na duniyar.
A cikin hoton kifin whale
Kifi whale
Dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke yawan zama cikin ruwan sanyi. Bakar fata da farin kifi whale na mallakar kakannin sarauta ne. Yawanci yana rayuwa ne a cikin zurfin zurfin ruwa, amma galibi yana iyo har zuwa bakin teku. Lokacin tuki, yana da ikon haɓaka saurin rikodi. Wannan wata dabba ce dake cikin ruwa mai haɗari, wacce akewa laƙabi da "kifin kifi mai kisa".
Polar cod
Kifi na daga cikin nau'ikan kananan halittu wadanda suke zaune a yankin ruwa na Tekun Arctic. Ciyar da rayuwarsa a cikin layin ruwan sanyi, kodin na iya jure yanayin ƙarancin yanayi ba tare da matsala ba.
Wadannan halittun da ke cikin ruwa suna cin abinci ne a kan plankton, wanda ke da kyakkyawan tasiri kan daidaituwar halittar. Su da kansu suna aiki ne a matsayin tushen abinci ga tsuntsayen arewa daban-daban, hatimai da katun.
Kifin kifin mara kyau
Haddock
Kifin yana da girma sosai (har zuwa 70 cm). Yawancin lokaci yakankai kimanin biyu, amma yana faruwa cewa ya kai kilo 19. Jikin wannan dabbar ruwa mai fadi ne, ya daidaita daga bangarorin, baya baya launin toka mai launin toka, kuma cikin yana da madara. Hanyar layin sifa ta haruffa tana gudana a kwance tare da jiki. Kifin yana rayuwa a cikin makarantu kuma suna da ƙimar kasuwanci.
Kifin Haddock
Belukha
Cikakken cika duniya mai arzikin Arctic Ocean, ana kiran shi dolphin na iyakacin duniya. Tsawon dabba na cikin ruwa ya kai kimanin mita shida, nauyin zai iya kaiwa tan biyu ko fiye. Babban mahaukaci ne mai kaifin hakora.
A hoto beluga
Arctic cyanea
Yana da suna daban: man zaki, wanda ake ɗauka mafi girman jellyfish tsakanin mazaunan ruwa na duniya. Inuwarta ya kai diamita har zuwa mita biyu, kuma alfarwarsa tana da tsawon rabin mita.
Rayuwar Cyanea ba ta daɗewa, lokacin bazara ɗaya kawai. Da farkon kaka, wadannan halittu suna mutuwa, kuma a lokacin bazara sababbi, masu saurin girma suna bayyana. Cyanea yana ciyarwa akan ƙananan kifi da zooplankton.
Cyaneus jellyfish
Farin Owl
An rarraba shi azaman tsuntsu mai ƙarancin gaske. Ana iya samun tsuntsaye ko'ina cikin tundra. Suna da kyakkyawar farin farin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma an rufe bakinsu da ƙananan ƙyallen ruwa don dumi.
Farar mujiya tana da makiya da yawa, kuma irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sau da yawa ganima ce ga masu cin su. Suna ciyar da beraye - masu lalata gidajen sauron, wanda ke da amfani sosai ga sauran mazaunan fuka-fukai.
Farin Owl
Guillemot
Tsuntsayen ruwa na Far North suna shirya manyan yankuna, waɗanda kuma ake kira yan mulkin mallaka. Yawancin lokaci suna kan duwatsu na teku. Guillemots sanannun mashahurai ne a cikin waɗannan yankuna.
Suna kwan kwai daya, wanda yake da launi ko launin shudi. Kuma suna ba da dukiyar su, ba sa minti na minti. A cikin ƙasashe masu tsananin sanyi, wannan kawai larura ce mai tsananin gaske. Kuma qwai, wanda yake da dumi sosai daga sama ta jikin tsuntsayen, ya kasance gaba daya yana yin sanyi daga kasa.
A cikin hoto na guillemot na tsuntsaye
Eider
Yana faruwa ne a duk yankuna na Arctic, gida-gida a bakin tekun Baltic da kuma arewacin Ingila, a lokacin sanyi yana tashi kudu zuwa gawarwakin ruwan da ba daskarewa da ke tsakiyar Turai.
Idiers suna kare zuriyarsu daga sanyi, musamman suna cire musu launin ja-ja-ja, suna lulluɓe da gidajen su. Irin wannan tsuntsayen sun cinye kusan dukkan rayuwarsu a cikin ruwan teku, suna ciyar da katantanwa, molluscs da mussels.
A cikin hoton akwai tsinken tsuntsu
Polar Goose
Hakanan ana kiran tsuntsu farin kuzari saboda farin farin farin dusar dusar ƙanƙara, kuma kawai fifikon fuka-fukan tsuntsaye ana bambanta su da baƙin ratsi. Sun auna kimanin kilogiram 5, kuma gidajen su, kamar magiji, an jere su da nasu saukar.
Wadannan mazaunan gabar tekun Arctic sun kubuta daga mummunan sanyin hunturu ta hanyar tashi zuwa kudu. Wannan nau'ikan geese na daji ana daukar sa da wuya.
Polar farin Goose
Gwanin mara lafiya
Yana da ruwan toka mai haske, fuka-fuki sun ɗan yi duhu, bakin-yaushi-kore ne, ƙafafu suna da ruwan hoda mai haske. Babban abincin marainiya shine kifi, amma waɗannan tsuntsayen suma suna cin narkakku da ƙwai na sauran tsuntsayen. Suna zaune kimanin shekaru ashirin.
Rose itacen teku
Tsuntsu mai fasasshe, kyakkyawa, wanda aka saba dashi don zama a cikin mawuyacin yankuna na Arctic, yawanci baya wuce girman cm 35. Bayan bayan kwarzanin fure da saman ɓangaren fuka-fukan suna da launin toka-toka. Nau'o'in kiwo a cikin ƙasan kogunan arewa. Ya zama abun farauta mara izini saboda asalin inuwar fuka-fukai.
Arctic terns
Tsuntsun ya shahara da kewayonsa (har zuwa kilomita dubu 30) da kuma tsawon lokaci (kimanin watanni hudu) na tashi, suna yin hunturu a Antarctica. Tsuntsayen suna tashi zuwa arewa zuwa Arctic a farkon bazara, suna haifar da manyan yankuna na gida.
Abubuwan rarrabewa sune wutsiya mai yatsu da bakin hula a kai. Terns yana tattare da taka tsantsan da tashin hankali. Tsawon rayuwarsu ya fi shekaru talatin.
Arctic terns
Loon
Tsuntsayen Tsuntsayen Arctic, waɗanda galibin tsuntsayen ruwa ke rayuwa. Loon yana ciyar da lokaci a cikin Far North musamman daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba, kasancewarsa tsuntsayen ƙaura. Tana da girman babban agwagwa, tana nitsewa da iyo daidai, kuma a lokacin haɗari tana nutsar da jikinta sosai cikin ruwa, kai kawai ya rage a waje.
Hoton tsuntsu ne mai loon
Bugun baƙi
A cikin jinsin, geese shine mafi ƙarancin wakilci, yana yin gida a yankunan arewacin tundra. Fukafukinsa da bayansa launuka ne masu duhu-duhu; farin "abin wuya" ya fita tsaye a kan wuyan baƙin. Tsuntsaye suna cin abincin algae, lichens da ciyawa.
Bugun baƙi
