Fasali da mazaunin titin mai ruwan kasa
Kayan aiki mai ruwan kasa.
Akwai wakilai kaɗan na wannan jinsin, mafi yawan sune launin ruwan kasa mai kai da baki, game da farkon wanda za'a tattauna a wannan labarin.
Na'urar mai launin ruwan kasa tana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka da yawa na gandun daji na Eurasia, Kanada, Amurka da Caucasus, ba sau da yawa a cikin tsaunukan arewacin arewacin duniya, tsaunukan Caucasus, Carpathians. Sun fi son zama nesa da mutane a cikin yankuna masu nisa na gandun daji.
A lokacin karancin abinci, zai iya zama mai son sanin mutane kuma ya ci ragowar abubuwan da suka saura. Ba kasafai yake ziyartar masu kiwon tsuntsaye na musamman da mutum ya halitta ba. Babban rukuni na dangin titmouse, na biyu kawai ga babban titin adadi.
Menene titin mai launin ruwan kasa yake kama?, masu sha'awar masanan halitta da yawa, saboda neman danginsu, kuna buƙatar ba da dukkanin balaguro zuwa sanyi tundra. Dukkanin titmice, wato nau'ikan titin mai ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, ba su da girman - 12 -14 santimita a tsayi, tare da wutsiya (5-6 cm) - 17-20 cm. nauyin jiki kawai gram 10-15 ne.
Mafi yawanci akan same shi da launin ruwan kasa mai inuwa mai duhu, saman kai baƙi ne, hular tana miƙewa zuwa bayan kai. Wuyan fari ne a garesu, da bakin tabo a makogwaro. Partasan ɓangaren plumage da yankin na ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana da inuwar cream mai ƙyama.
Pukhlyak mawakiya ce mai raira waƙa, iyawar sautinta abin birgewa ne. Sauraron rairarin waƙoƙin waɗannan tsuntsayen abin jin daɗi ne da kansa, duk da cewa rubutun nasu ba shi da bambanci kuma ya ƙunshi bambancin "waƙoƙi" guda uku, wato:
Saurari muryar na'urar mai launin ruwan kasa
- Yankin ƙasa;
- Nunawa (wanda aka yi ta hanyar jinsi biyu don neman abokin tarayya);
- Ango (wanda maza suka yi yayin saduwa da mace).
Yanayi da salon rayuwar titin mai ruwan kasa
Brown-gangarawa tit - tsuntsayewaxanda ke zama, gida a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu a cikin ramuka da kututturen itacen a ɗan gajeren tazara daga ƙasa.
Ba kamar sauran iri ba tsuntsaye, titin mai ruwan kasa Sun fi son su da kansu, kamar masu katako, suna amfani da ƙananan ramuka, zuwa zurfin 20 cm kuma 7-8 cm a diamita.
Saboda karamin baki, sun kasa dibar bawon wata itaciya mai karfi, don haka suka zabi kututturen matattun rubabbun bishiyoyi tare da busasshiyar itaciya don shirya gidajen. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa thean fuka-fuka suna tsunduma cikin shirya gida biyu-biyu, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira su a lokacin bazara.
A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwarsa, saurayi yana neman abokin aure a yankin mafi kusa (kusan kilomita 5). Idan wannan ya faskara, ya bar ƙasarsa ta asali ya tashi don neman sa'a a cikin yankuna masu nisa na gandun daji. Bishiyoyi da aka fi so don kajin masu launin ruwan kasa sune:
- Alder;
- Itacen Birch;
- Aspen;
A matsakaici, wannan aikin yana ɗaukar tsuntsaye kusan sati ɗaya, wani lokacin kuma biyu. Ana yin amfani da koguna har zuwa zurfin santimita ashirin; ana amfani da haushi, reshe, gashin tsuntsu, ulu. Wani muhimmin fasali na nests of puff shine cewa ba zaku taɓa samun gansakuka a cikin ramin su ba, sabanin sauran nau'ikan jinsunan kajin.
Da wuya ƙwarai, puff za su iya zama a cikin ramuka masu shiri ko nests da aka yi a bara. Yawancin lokaci akwai ƙwai shida zuwa takwas a cikin kama, tsintsa biyu a kowane yanayi suna da matukar wuya.
Tuni lokacin bazara mai zuwa, iyaye masu kananan kaji suna shiga cikin makiyayan makiyaya, wadanda ba lallai sai sun hada da masu launin ruwan kasa kawai ba; za su iya hada da sarauta da sauran tsuntsaye.
A lokacin kaka, 'yan fuka-fukai suna sasantawa kuma suna neman abokan tarayya don jima'i. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan garken suna ci gaba da yawo a lokacin sanyi, wani lokacin ma na dogon lokaci don neman ingantaccen wurin zama ko ma'aurata.
Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna son ɓoye ɗakunan ajiya tare da tsaba na tsire-tsire daban-daban, amma kusan koyaushe suna mantawa inda suka ɓoye taskar, don haka a cikin zurfin gandun daji za ku iya samun adadi mai yawa na irin waɗannan wuraren ajiyar.
Haka kuma, suna taimaka wa sabbin bishiyoyi girma da haɓaka yankin daji. Wannan yana nufin cewa zuriya masu zuwa na gaba za su iya daidaitawa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar gida a cikin waɗannan bishiyoyi.
Kajin masu launin ruwan kasa suma suna da wayo sosai, saboda lokacin da suka yiwa kansu kwalliya, ba zasu taba barin kwakwalwan kai tsaye a karkashin bishiyar ba, suna canza su zuwa wani bangare na gandun daji ko boye su tsakanin allurar.
Ananan ƙulli na itace a kan farin gadon dusar ƙanƙara na iya ba da wurin sheƙarsu. Gidajen da aka bari bayan hunturu ta kajin masu launin ruwan kasa suna zama gida ga sauran ƙananan tsuntsaye, kamar su flyan iska ko tsuntsaye, na shekara mai zuwa.
Gina jiki na launin ruwan kasa mai taken
Dukkanin nau'ikan nau'ikan launin ruwan kasa mai dauke da kai yana da yawa a kan kananan kwari iri-iri, musamman invertebrates da larvae. Foda yana da matukar alfanu ga tsarin halittun daji na tsuntsaye, domin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita yawan kwari iri-iri.
Suna taimakawa bishiyoyi su kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar huɗa ƙananan kwari daga ƙarƙashin bawon. Hakanan foda suna cin abinci akan tsaba da 'ya'yan itacen shuke-shuke. A lokacin bazara, ½ na abincin su ya ƙunshi tsirrai da ½ na abincin dabbobi.
A lokacin hunturu, ¾ na abincin ya kunshi tsirrai, galibi tsaba na conifers - bishiyoyin Kirsimeti, itacen al'ul da yew. Chickananan yara suna son samun abun ciye-ciye tare da kwari, ƙananan gizo-gizo, larvae da sauran ƙananan kwari tare da ƙarin tsire-tsire. Na shuke-shuke, hatsi da hatsi suna da matsayi na musamman a cikin abincin, sune:
- Alkama;
- Tsalle;
- Hemp;
- Lilin;
- Masara;
- Hatsi;
- Sha'ir;
Berries:
- Guzberi;
- Rasberi;
- Strawberry;
- Currant;
Sun fi son neman riba a tsakiya da ƙananan matakan daji, a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa, amma kusan ba sa sauka ƙasa. A cikin dazuzzuka dazuzzuka na Turai, za ku iya ganin hoto mai ban dariya na yadda tsuntsayen wannan jinsin suka rataye a ƙasa a kan wata siririyar itace, suna ƙoƙarin kama wasu ƙudan zuma.
A lokacin hunturu, suna neman wa kansu kwari, suna huɗa haushi na itacen. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, a cikin shekarar suna ɓoye ɗumbin albarkatun zuriya a cikin ramuka tsakanin baƙi da gangar jikin bishiyar, a cikin dazuzzuka. Bi da hankali da hankali, don haka ba su kusanci masu ciyarwar, har ma suna fuskantar tsananin yunwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na titin mai ruwan kasa
A matsakaici, a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, daga cikin mutane dubu, kusan ɗari uku suka rayu. Matsakaicin tsawon rai shine shekaru 2-3. Mafi girman shekaru, wanda, a cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, foda zai iya rayuwa shine shekaru 9, adadi ɗaya yana zaune a gida. Mace mai launin ruwan kasa tana yin ƙwai a ƙarshen Mayu. Wani lokaci akan narkar dasu kai tsaye zuwa kasan ramin, wanda akansa akwai shimfida mai taushi na busassun shuke-shuke, tsutsa da kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
Bayan macen ta jera rami, sai ta jira na wasu kwanaki biyar zuwa shida, bayan haka kuma sai ta tashi daga kwai shida zuwa sha biyu a wani lokaci fari fari mai dauke da jajayen ja. Puwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon mata yana ɗaukar ƙwai na makonni biyu, a wannan lokacin namiji yana kare yankin kuma yana farautar ciyar da abokin aikinsa.
Kaji sun ƙyanƙyashe cikin kwana biyu. An kwanakin farko, mahaifiya ba ta tashi daga rami kwata-kwata, tana ɗumama jariran da aka haifa ba; a cikin jaka a cikin gida, sun kasance kimanin kwana ashirin.
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa namiji, yayin da mace ke ɗaukar ƙwai, yakan ɗauki abinci sau biyu ko ɗari uku a rana. Bayan wata guda, broauratan za su fara tashi daga gida da kansu, amma uwar za ta ci gaba da ciyar da su kusan mako guda.
Bayan haka, yara kaza, tare da tsofaffin wakilai na jinsin kajin masu launin ruwan kasa, suna taruwa a cikin garken tumaki, wanda daga baya yake hada kai da garken wasu nau'in tsuntsaye. Tare, suna fara tafiya a ƙetaren ƙasan arewa don neman sabon rukunin gida.
A tsawon rayuwa, kaji guda biyu suna haifar da 'ya'ya fiye da daya, cikin kulawa da kwayaye da kajin da suka kyankyashe, wadanda a cikin kwanaki 18-20 zasu rayu cikin taiga da sanyi. Rayuwa na tafiya ba shi da tabbas kuma yana da wahala, kawai kaɗan daga manyan iyalai ne suka rayu - mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi dacewa da daji.
