Trilobites sune zane-zane. Bayani, fasali da juyin halittar trilobites

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Wanene trilobites?

Trilobites - ya kare aji arthropods na farko da suka fara bayyana a duniya. Sun rayu a cikin tsohuwar teku tsawon shekaru sama da 250,000,000 da suka gabata. Masana burbushin halittu suna gano burbushinsu a ko'ina.

Wasu ma sun adana launinsu na rayuwa har abada. A kusan kowane gidan kayan gargajiya zaka iya samun waɗannan nune-nunen masu ban mamaki, wasu suna tattara su a gida. saboda haka trilobites ana iya gani da yawahoto.

Sun samo sunansu ne daga tsarin jikinsu. Kwallansu ya kasu kashi uku. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya kasancewa mai tsayi da mai wucewa. Wadannan dabbobin da suka gabata sun yadu kuma sun bambanta.

A yau akwai kusan nau'in 10,000. Saboda haka, sun cancanci yin imani cewa zamanin Paleozoic shine zamanin trilobites. Sun mutu shekara 230 ml da suka wuce, bisa ga ɗayan ra'ayoyin: wasu tsoffin dabbobi sun cinye su gaba ɗaya.

Fasali da mazaunin trilobites

Bayani bayyanuwa trilobite bisa bincike da bincike iri-iri da masana kimiyya suka gudanar. Jikin dabbar da ta gabata ya yi shimfida. Kuma an rufe shi da harsashi mai wuya, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa.

Girman wadannan halittu sun kasance daga 5 mm (conocoryphus) zuwa 81 cm (isotelus). Saho ko doguwar jijiyoyi na iya zama a kan garkuwar. Wasu daga cikin jinsunan na iya ninka jikinsu mai taushi, suna rufe kansu da harsashi. Bakin bakin yana kan farfajiyar.

Bawon kuma yayi aiki don haɗa gabobin ciki. A cikin ƙananan trilobites, chitin ne kawai. Kuma ga manya, an shayar da shi da sinadarin calcium carbonate, don ƙarfin ƙarfi.

Kan yana da siffar zagaye na siket, kuma an rufe shi da garkuwa ta musamman, an yi amfani da shi azaman makamai na ciki, zuciya da kwakwalwa. Wadannan muhimman gabobin, a cewar masana kimiyya, suna cikin ta.

Gabobin hannu sun yi trilobites yi ayyuka da yawa: mota, numfashi da taunawa. Zaɓin ɗayansu ya dogara da wurin da aka tanada. Dukansu suna da taushi kuma saboda haka da kyar ake kiyaye su cikin burbushin halittu.

Amma mafi ban mamaki daga cikin wadannan dabbobi sune azanci, ko kuma idanu. Wasu nau'ikan basu da su kwata-kwata: suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa mai laka ko kuma mai zurfi a kasa. Wasu kuma suna da su a ƙafafu masu ƙarfi: lokacin da trilobites suka binne kansu cikin yashi, idanunsu sun kasance a saman ƙasa.

Amma babban abu shine cewa suna da hadadden fasali mai fasali. Maimakon tabarau na yau da kullun, suna da ruwan tabarau wanda aka yi da ƙididdigar ma'adinai. An sanya yanayin gani na idanu don haka maɓuɓɓuka suna da kusurwa ta digiri-360.

Idon Trilobite a cikin hoton

Gabobin taɓawa a cikin trilobites dogayen eriya ne - eriya a kan kai da kusa da bakin. Mazaunin waɗannan tsaka-tsakin ya kasance mafi yawan teku, amma wasu nau'in sun rayu kuma sun yi iyo a cikin algae. Akwai shawarwari cewa akwai wasu samfuran da ke rayuwa a cikin rukunin ruwa.

Juyin Halitta kuma a wane zamani ne trilobites suka rayu

A karo na farko trilobites ya bayyana a cikin Cambrian lokaci, to wannan aji ya fara bunkasa. Amma tuni a zamanin Carboniferous sun fara mutuwa da kaɗan kaɗan. Kuma a ƙarshen zamanin Paleozoic, sun ɓace gaba ɗaya daga fuskar Duniya.

Wataƙila, waɗannan asalin sun samo asali ne daga tsofaffin abubuwan Vendian. A cikin tsari juyin halitta na trilobites samu caudal da sashin kai, ba a kasu kashi-kashi ba, amma an rufe shi da harsashi guda.

A lokaci guda, wutsiya ta karu, kuma ikon iyawa ya bayyana. Ya zama dole lokacin da cephalopods suka bayyana kuma suka fara cin waɗannan hanyoyin.

A cikin duniyar zamani, isopods (isopods) sun mamaye sararin samaniya na trilobites. Sun yi kama da dadadden jinsuna, sun bambanta ne kawai a cikin eriya mai kauri wacce ta kunshi manyan sassa. Fitowar trilobites yana da kyau darajar don ci gaban duniyar dabbobi kuma ya ba da ƙarfi ga bayyanar ƙwayoyin halittu masu rikitarwa.

Duk ci gaban trilobites ya faru ne bisa ka'idar juyin halitta. Ta hanyar hanyar zaɓin yanayi, daga cikin sauƙin jinsunan arthropods, waɗanda suka fi rikitarwa sun bayyana - "cikakke". Abinda kawai za'a iya musantawa akan wannan zato shine fasali mai rikitarwa na idanun trilobite.

Wadannan dabbobin da suka mutu suna da hadadden tsarin gani, ba za a iya kwatanta idanun mutum da shi ba. Har zuwa yanzu, masana kimiyya ba za su iya warware wannan sirrin ba. Kuma har ma suna ba da shawarar cewa tsarin gani yana fuskantar gurɓataccen tsari yayin juyin halitta.

Abincin abinci na Trilobite da haifuwa

Akwai nau'o'in trilobites da yawa, kuma abincin ya bambanta. Wasu sun ci ciya, wasu kuma plankton. Amma wasu sun kasance masu farauta, duk da rashin jaws da aka sani. Sun nika abinci da tanti.

A cikin hoton, trilobite isotelus

A karshen, an sami ragowar halittu masu kama da tsutsa, sponges da brachiopods a cikin ciki. An ɗauka cewa sun yi farauta kuma sun ci halittun da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa. Za a iya trilobites ci kuma ammonites... Haka kuma, galibi ana samunsu a kusa a cikin burbushin halittar da aka samo.

Yin nazarin ragowar, masana kimiyya sun yanke hukunci cewa trilobites mata da maza ne. Wannan ya tabbatar da jakar ƙyanƙyasar da aka gano. Daga kwan da aka kwanciya, tsutsa ta fara ɓarkewa, ta kusan milimita a girma kuma ta fara motsawa a hankali cikin ruwa.

Tana da duka jiki. Bayan wani lokaci, ana raba shi nan da nan 6. Kuma tsawon wani rayuwa, narkakkun abubuwa da yawa sun auku, bayan haka girman jiki na trilobite ya ƙaru ta hanyar ƙara sabon sashi. Bayan ya kai matsayin cikakken yanki, arthropod ya ci gaba da narkewa, amma kawai ya karu cikin girma.

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Kalli bidiyon: Riddle of the Trilobites by CollaborationTown and Flint Repertory Theatre (Nuwamba 2024).