Tiger na Ussuri (Amur, na Gabas ta Tsakiya) wani yanki ne wanda kwanan nan zai iya ɓacewa gaba ɗaya. Bayan haka, Tiger Ussurian Shin kadai damisa ne da ke rayuwa cikin yanayin sanyi.
Wannan dabba ta iya samun mafi girman kwarewa a harkar farauta, saboda, ba kamar zakoki da ke rayuwa cikin alfahari da yin farauta gama gari ba, mai lalata Ussuri damisa koyaushe mai fa'ida ne.
Fasali da bayyanar damisar Ussuri
Dabbar Ussuri dabba mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, tare da adadin ƙarfi na zahiri. Nauyinsa ya kai 300 kilogiram. Matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin da aka rubuta shi ne 384 kg. Jikin yana da tsayin mita 1.5 - 3, kuma jelarsa ta kai kimanin mita 1. Dambar Amur dabba ce mai saurin gaske, koda a filin dusar ƙanƙara, tana iya gudu da gudu kusan 80 km / h.
Jikin dabba yana da sassauƙa, ƙafafun ba su da yawa. Kunnuwa gajeru ne kuma kanana. Sai kawai a cikin wannan ƙananan an samar da wata mai mai laushi, mai faɗi 5 cm, a ciki, wanda ke kare mai farautar daga iska mai sanyi da ƙarancin yanayin zafi.
Hoton shine damisar Ussuri
Damisa tana da hangen nesa. Tana da gashi mai kauri fiye da damisa masu rayuwa a yanayin dumi. Gashi tana da launi mai ruwan lemo, ratsi-ratsi baƙi a baya da gefuna, da farin ciki. Halin da ke jikin fata na mutum ne ga kowane dabba. Canza launi yana taimakawa damisa don haɗuwa da bishiyoyin taiga na hunturu.
Mazaunin damisa na Ussuri
Mafi yawan damisa suna zaune ne a kudu maso gabashin Rasha. Wannan yanki ne na kiyayewa. Tiger Ussuri yana rayuwa a gefen Kogin Amur, da kuma Kogin Ussuri, wanda saboda shi ya sanya sunayensa.
Mafi karancin damisa na zaune a Manchuria (China), kusan mutane 40-50, watau 10% na yawan adadin damisa a duniya. Wani wurin rarraba wannan nau'ikan raƙuman damisa shine Sikhote-Alin, kawai mai wadatar yawancin wannan nau'in yana rayuwa anan.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Damisar Gabas ta Tsakiya na rayuwa ne a cikin yanayi mai kazanta: yanayin yanayin iska ya fara ne daga -47 digiri a lokacin hunturu zuwa digiri 37 a bazara. Lokacin da ya gaji sosai, damisa na iya kwantawa kai tsaye kan dusar ƙanƙara.
Huta kan dusar ƙanƙara na iya wucewa zuwa awanni da yawa, kuma mai farautar ba zai ji sanyi ba. Wannan nau'in tiger an keɓance shi musamman don sanyi da sanyi. Amma don dogon hutawa, ya fi so ya sami mafaka a tsakanin duwatsu, tsakanin shinge, da kuma ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi da suka faɗi.
Ga thean ƙabila, mace tana shirya rami, saboda wannan tana neman wurin da ba za a iya shiga ba, misali, a cikin dutsen da ba za a iya shiga ba, a cikin dazuzzuka ko kogo. Manya maza ba sa bukatar kogo.
Sun fi son shakatawa kusa da abincinsu. Matasan tigresses sun rabu da mahaifiyarsu a shekaru 1.5 - 2, duk ya dogara da bayyanar zuriyar na gaba a cikin mace. Amma ba su da nisa daga kogon mahaifiya, ba kamar maza ba.
Kowane damisa yana rayuwa ne akan rukunin yanar gizo na mutum, ana iya tantance yankin sa ta yawan ungulaye. Tigers suna zagaye kayan su na yau da kullun. Mace da namiji suna zaune a yankuna masu girma daban-daban.
Yankin yankin maza ya kasance daga 600 zuwa 800 sq. km, kuma mata daga kusan 300 zuwa 500 sq. km Theananan yanki shine na mace mai ɗiya. Ya kai 30 sq. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, mata da yawa suna rayuwa akan rukunin ɗa namiji ɗaya.
A matsakaita, damisa tana yin tafiyar kimanin kilomita 20 a kowace rana, amma hanyar tana iya zuwa kilomita 40. Tigers dabbobi ne masu son daidaito. Suna amfani da hanyoyi iri ɗaya kuma suna yin alama a yankunansu a kai a kai.
Amur damisa suna son kaɗaici kuma ba sa zama cikin garken tumaki. Yayin rana suna son kwanciya akan duwatsu, daga inda suke da kyakkyawan gani. Damisa na Gabas kamar ruwa, suna iya yin awoyi na awanni a cikin ko kusa da kowane ruwa. Tigers suna yin iyo sosai kuma suna iya iyo a hayin kogin.
Abincin tiger na Ussuri
Damis ɗin Gabas ta Gabas mai farauta ne, yana da manyan canines (kimanin 7 cm) wanda suke kamawa da shi, suna kashe shi kuma suna yanke shi. Ba ya taunawa, amma yakan yanka naman da molar, sannan ya haɗiye shi.
Saboda kasancewar gammaye masu taushi a ƙafafunsa, damisa tana motsi kusan shiru. Tigers na iya farauta a kowane lokaci. Abincin da suka fi so shi ne: naman daji, sikari, jan barewa, doki, lynx, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Koyaya, wani lokacin suna cin kifi, kwadi, tsuntsaye cikin nishadi, zasu iya cin 'ya'yan wasu tsire-tsire. Matsakaicin mutum ya kamata ya ci kilogiram 9-10 na nama kowace rana. Tare da abinci mai kyau, dabba nan da nan zai sami nauyi sannan kuma zai iya tsawaita har tsawon mako ɗaya ba tare da abinci ba.
Mai farautar yakan jawo ganima zuwa ruwa, kuma ya ɓoye ragowar abinci kafin ya kwanta a wuri amintacce. Yana cin abinci a kwance, yana riƙe ganima tare da ƙafafunta. Damisa Amur ba safai take kaiwa mutane hari ba. Tun daga shekara ta 1950, kimanin mutane 10 ne aka rubuta lokacin da wannan nau'in damisa ya afka wa mutane. Ko da mafarauta sun bi damisa, ba ya afka musu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin saduwa don damisa ba ya faruwa a wani lokaci na shekara, amma duk da haka yakan faru ne kusan ƙarshen hunturu. Don haihuwa, mace ta zaɓi mafi kyawun hanyar da aminci.
Galibi mace na haihuwar 'ya'ya biyu ko uku, ƙasa da ɗaya ɗaya ko huɗu. Akwai yanayin haihuwa da 'ya'ya biyar. Jariran da aka haifa yanzu basu da komai kuma nauyinsu yakai kilogiram 1.
Koyaya, masu farauta na gaba suna girma cikin sauri. Da makonni biyu, suna fara gani kuma sun fara ji. A watan, thean kuzari ninki biyu na nauyinsu kuma sun fara fita daga kogon. Tun watannin biyu kenan suke kokarin cin nama.
Amma ana shayar da madarar uwa har zuwa watanni 6. Na farko, damisa tana kawo musu abinci, sannan ta fara kai su ganima. Da shekara biyu, yaran sun fara farauta tare da mahaifiyarsu, nauyinsu a wannan lokacin kusan kilogram 100 ne.
Namiji baya taimakawa wajen renon yara, kodayake yana yawan zama kusa da su. Iyalin damisa sun rabu lokacin da yaran suka kai shekaru 2.5 - 3. Tigers suna girma cikin rayuwarsu. Amur damisa suna rayuwa kusan shekaru 15. Suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 50, amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, saboda mawuyacin yanayin rayuwa, suna mutuwa da wuri.
Hoton ya nuna kuran damisa na Ussuri
Kiyaye damisa ta Ussuri
A tsakiyar karni na sha tara, irin wannan damisa ta zama gama gari. amma yawan damisa Ussuri ragu sosai a farkon karni na ashirin. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kame-kame na damisa da harbin dabbobi, wanda a wancan lokacin ba a kayyade shi ta kowace hanya ba. Yanayi mai tsananin yanayi na yankin damisa shima ba ƙaramin mahimmanci bane.
A cikin 1935, an shirya wurin ajiyar yanayi a kan Sikhote-Alin. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an hana farautar damisa ta Gabas, har ma da namun daji, an kama yaran damisa kawai banda.
Ba a sani ba a yau nawa ne ya rage damisa Ussuri, a cewar shekara ta 2015, adadin mutane a yankin Gabas mai nisa ya kai 540. Tun a shekarar 2007, masana suka bayyana cewa nau’in ba ya cikin hatsari. Amma, Tiger Ussuri a cikin Littafin Ja Rasha har yanzu tana cikin jerin.
