Tsarin lemomi da mazauninsu
Lemun tsami - Waɗannan ƙananan beraye ne waɗanda ke cikin dangin hamster. Suna kama da hamster a waje - tsarin jiki mai nauyin jiki, wanda yakai 70 g, kuma tsawonsa yakai 15 cm, yayi kama da kwalliya, saboda jela, kafa da kunnuwa sunyi kadan kuma an binne su da ulu. Gashi yana da launi mai launi iri-iri ko launin ruwan kasa.
Zama lemmings a cikin tundra da kuma gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka, Eurasia, da kuma kan tsibirin Arctic Ocean. A Rasha lemming zaune a yankin Kola, Gabas mai nisa da Chukotka. Wurin zama na wannan wakilin na fauna dole ne ya zama mai yalwa a cikin gansakuka (babban abincin lemming) da ganuwa mai kyau.
Wannan hamster na musamman yana da fasali mai ban sha'awa. A lokacin hunturu, faratan wasu lemmings suna girma zuwa wani yanayi na baƙon abu, wanda yayi kama da ƙananan flippers ko kofato. Irin wannan tsarin ƙafafun ƙafafun na bai wa rodent damar kasancewa a saman dusar ƙanƙara, ba tare da faɗuwa ba, kuma har ma da irin waɗannan ƙafafun yana da kyau a fasa dusar ƙanƙarar.
Gashi na wasu lemmings yana yin haske sosai a lokacin sanyi, don kar ya fita waje da yawa a kan farin dusar ƙanƙara. Lissafin yana rayuwa ne a cikin kabarin da yake haƙa wa kansa. Burrows suna wakiltar dukkanin hanyoyin sadarwa masu wuyar fahimta. Wasu nau'ikan wannan dabba basa yin rami, kawai suna shirya gida a ƙasa ko kuma sami wuraren da suka dace da gidansu.
Wannan ƙaramar dabbar tana da mummunan yanayi da ba za a iya fassarawa ba. Lokacin da adadin lemmings ya yi ƙarfi, dabbobi, na farko ɗaya bayan ɗaya, sannan, suna haɗuwa zuwa cikin rayayyun rayayyun jikin rayayyun halittu, suna tafiya ta hanya ɗaya - zuwa kudu.
Kuma babu abin da zai iya hana su. Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mai rai yana ƙetare ƙauyuka, ravuka, rafi, rafi da koguna, dabbobi suna cin dabbobi, suna mutuwa saboda rashin abinci, amma suna taurin kai suna tafiya zuwa teku.
Da suka isa bakin teku, sai su jefa kansu cikin ruwa suna iyo muddin dai suna da isasshen ƙarfi, har sai sun mutu. Abin da ya tura kananan dabbobi don kashe kansu, masana kimiyya ba su iya amsawa ba tukuna. Wannan gaskiya ne ga lemmings na Norwegian.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar lemar
Abokin wannan ƙaramar dabbar bashi da amfani. Lemmings yanada wuya sosai. Ba sa ma maraba da kasancewar dangin nasu kusa da su har ma galibi suna shirya faɗa.
Lemming ya fi son rayuwa da rayuwa shi kadai. Jin daɗin iyaye ba su da girma a cikin sa. Maza kai tsaye bayan sun cika tsarkakakken aikin haihuwa sun shiga neman abinci, suna barin mace da zuriya.
Suna da yawan fushi game da bayyanar mutum. Lokacin da suka sadu, wannan dabba tana yin tsalle a kan mutum, yana busawa da hankali, yana tashi a kan ƙafafuwansa na baya, ya zauna sosai a kan shagalinsa, jakar jaki kuma ya fara tsorata, yana girgiza ƙafafunsa na gaba.
Zasu iya kama hannun da aka mika na wani "bako" mai cike da hakora, a takaice dai, suna nuna kyamar su ta kowace hanya. Amma duk da haka, ya kasa tsoratar da wata dabba mai mahimmanci wacce lafazin ta zama tidbit. Sabili da haka, kariyar da aka fi dogara da ita ga wannan ɗan ƙaramin abu, duk da haka, shi ne nata na kansa ko babban dusar ƙanƙara.
Wasu nau'ikan lemming (alal misali, yin maganar gandun daji) sun gwammace kada su riski kowa da komai. Duk da cewa sun bar sassan su sau da yawa a rana, ganin su, har ma da ƙari, kama lemming a cikin hoto mawuyacin gaske. Wannan dabba tana da hankali sosai kuma tana fitowa ne da yamma ko kuma da daddare.
Lemming yana da nau'ikan da yawa kuma a tsakaninsu waɗannan jinsunan sun banbanta a mazauninsu kuma, sakamakon haka, a cikin abinci da salon rayuwa daban-daban. Daji, Yaren mutanen Norway, Amur, kofato da kuma lebering na siberiya, kazalika da lemming na Vinogradov. Dukansu a lokacin rani da damuna, dabbobin suna rayuwa mai kyau; basa yin bacci a lokacin sanyi.
Lemming abinci
Lemming ci abincin tsire. Daga inda wannan dabbar take rayuwa, abincinsa ma ya dogara. Misali, lemming na gandun daji ya fi son gansakuka, amma dan sandan Norway yana kara hatsi, lingonberries da blueberries a menu. Fim ɗin kofato yana son birch ko willow harbe ƙarin.
Duk da haka, ga tambayar “me lemo ke ci", Kuna iya amsawa a kalma ɗaya:" gansakuka ". Abu ne mai matukar ban sha'awa cewa leoping hoofed homming da Vinogradov's lemming yana ajiye abinci don amfani anan gaba. An uwansu masu ƙarancin tanadi dole ne suyi hanyoyi da yawa a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara don zuwa abinci a lokacin sanyi.
Kuma dabbar tana cin abinci da yawa. Yin nauyi kawai g 70, wannan hamster yana cin abinci ninki biyu na kowace rana. Idan muka lissafa shi, to zai zama fiye da kilogiram 50 a kowace shekara. Lemming yana karɓar abinci ba ko yaya bane, amma kwatankwacin tsarin mulki.
Zai ci abinci na awa daya, sannan yayi bacci na awa biyu, sannan ya sake cin abinci na awa daya, yayi bacci na awa biyu. Tsakanin waɗannan mahimman hanyoyin, da wuya akwai hanyar neman abinci, tafiya da ci gaba da rayuwa.
Wani lokaci ba a samun isasshen abinci, sannan dabba ma ta ci tsire-tsire masu guba, kuma lokacin da ba za a iya samun irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba, lemar ta afkawa ƙananan dabbobi, ko ma dabbobin da suka fi girmanta girma. Gaskiya ne, sau da yawa, tare da rashin abinci, ana tilasta dabbobi yin ƙaura da bincika sabbin wurare.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar lemo
Tsarin rayuwar wannan sandar gajere ne, rayuwa lemming ɗan shekara 1-2 kawai, don haka dabbar tana buƙatar samun lokaci don barin zuriya. Saboda wannan dalili, lemmings shiga balaga sosai da wuri.
Tuni watanni biyu da haihuwa, lemar mata tana iya ɗaukar ɗa da kanta. Namiji na da ikon ci gaba da jinsi tun daga makonni 6. Mafi yawan lokuta adadin litocin su a kowace shekara ya kai sau 6. Yawanci yawanci yara 6 ne a cikin zuriyar dabbobi guda.
Ciki yana dauke da kwanaki 20-22. Koyaya, a wannan lokacin namiji baya cikin gurbi, ya tafi neman abinci, kuma mace ta tsunduma cikin haihuwa da "kiwon" zuriya.
Lokaci guda kiwo a lemar dabba babu. Zai iya yin kiwo har da hunturu, a cikin tsananin sanyi. Don wannan, ana yin gida mai zurfin ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, an lulluɓe da ciyawa bushe da ganye, kuma an riga an haifa jarirai a wurin.
Akwai lokuta lokacin da suke da yawa daga cikin waɗannan dabbobi, to akwai hauhawa a cikin yawan haihuwar duka mujiya da na karnukan arctic, saboda lemmings suna zama abinci ga dabbobi masu yawa. Bayanta lemming dawakai, kyarketai masu farauta, dawakan arctic, ermines, weasels har ma da barewa. Yana da babban facundity wanda ke kula da wasu adadin lafazi.
Ya faru cewa wasu nau'ikan dabbobi suna da cikakken ikon kiwo lokacin da lemmings ke da ƙarancin haihuwa kuma akwai ƙarancin abinci. Misali, mujiya mai yin dusar ƙanƙara ba ta yin ƙwai, kuma an tilasta wa karnukan Arctic ƙaura yin ƙaura don neman abinci. Koyaya, ya kamata ku sani cewa lafazin ba kawai yana taka rawa mai daraja na abinci ga sauran dabbobi ba, su ma masu ɗauke da cututtuka daban-daban.
