Insectsananan kwari da ke zaune a Rasha
Duniyar kwari tana da ban mamaki saboda wadatar ta da bambancin ta. Wadannan kananan halittun suna kusan ko'ina. Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa, bayan sun zauna a kusurwa da yawa na wata babbar duniya, sun fi duk sauran rayayyun halittu waɗanda suka sami mafaka a Duniya.
Ana iya samun ƙananan kwari da masu rarrafe a cikin kowace duniya. Suna haɗuwa a kowane mataki ga waɗanda suke yin yawo a cikin dajin bazara, shakatawa a wuraren shakatawa ko zama don yin rana a bakin kogin. Horididdigar yawancin waɗannan halittun suna zaune a cikin ƙasar.
Kuma manyan biranen ba ta zama togiya ba, tunda ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta suna iya daidaitawa da kowane irin yanayi, suna samun mafaka a wuraren da ba a tsammani. Ana samun kwari har ma a wuraren da basu dace da rayuwa ba: a cikin hamada, a cikin tsaunuka da kuma canjin latti.
A halin yanzu akwai miliyoyin miliyoyin nau'ikan halittun da ke ko'ina a cikin masana kimiyyar halitta. Amma wannan ya yi nesa da iyaka, tunda masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa yawancin jinsunan kwari har yanzu suna jiran sa'ar da suka gano, yayin da mutane ba su sani ba kuma ba su san su ba.
Koyaya, muhimmin aiki na wayewar kan ɗan adam yayin lokacin bunƙasa harkar noma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya haifar da lalata yawancin nau'in kwari. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a dauki matakan aiki don kare halittun halittu na wasu nau'ikan kananan halittu masu gurguzu.
A farkon wannan karnin, an magance irin wannan matsalar ta kone-kone a Rasha ta hanya mafi tsanani a matakin majalisa, kuma an shirya sabon bugu Littafin Ja. Kwari, lakabi da kwatancin wanda ya bayyana a cikin jerin nau'ikan nau'ikan da basu da hadari, akwai kusan nau'ikan 95. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
Sarkin Faɗuwa
Wannan kwaron yana daya daga cikin mafi girman nau'ikan mazari da ake samu a Turai. Iyakar irin wadannan rayayyun halittu sun faro daga Scandinavia zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Girman sintiri na sarki hakika yana da girma ƙwarai.
Mafi girman mutane sun kai tsawon jiki har zuwa 78 mm, da kuma faɗin fukafukai masu haske tare da baƙin jijiyoyi - har zuwa 110 mm. Kirjin dabba yana da kore, kafafu hade ne na rawaya da launin ruwan kasa.
Masu sintiri na Sarki suna da saurin tashin hankali a cikin ɗabi'a kuma suna da haɗari ga kwarkwatarsu, kasancewa masu farauta masu aiki da cin ƙuda, sauro, ƙaramin mazari da kwari.
Dragonfly sintiri sarki
Maza, waɗanda ke da himma musamman a gwagwarmayar sararin zama, da himma suna sintiri tare da kiyaye yankin da suka mamaye, inda mata masu sarauta mata kaɗai ke da damar yin hakan.
Kwari mafi yawanci suna barin kwayayen kwarkwata na gaba akan abubuwan dake shawagi a cikin ruwa: smallananan twan twan itace da piecesanyen bazu, haka kuma akan bishiyoyi masu tsini da sauran nau'o'in itacen fure da suke girma daga ruwa.
A halin yanzu, yawan wadannan kwarin a cikin Rasha yana raguwa saboda gurbatar wuraren ruwa, canje-canje a cikin gwamnatocin zafin jiki da kuma gasa ta dabi'a tare da wasu nau'ikan mazari.
Dybka steppe
Wannan jinsin daban ne daga jerin wadanda ba safai ba kwari na Rasha, da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja saboda ƙananan yalwa da rarrabuwa tsakanin kewayon. Matsayinsu ba gaba daya mara bege bane, tunda har yanzu akwai sauran kwazazzabai masu dacewa ga wadannan kwayoyin halittu masu rai da sauran yankuna da ke da karamin sassauci tare da dazuzzuka da dogayen ciyawa da ke tsirowa a wurin, wanda ke zama matattarar halitta ta kwari, bisa ga yanayin su.
Dupe mai dunƙulen ciyawa babban ciyawa ne. Girman mata wani lokaci yakan kai 90 mm, ban da haka, fasalin tsarin su shine babban ovipositor. Launi na jiki mai tsayi launin ruwan kasa-rawaya ko kore mai ratsi fari a gefuna; ƙafafun dabba suna da tsayi. 'Yan kama-karya ne wadanda ke cin ciyawar dabbobi, kudaje, ƙwaro, fara da fara.
Irin waɗannan kwari, a matsayin mai mulkin, mazaunan Bahar Rum ne. A cikin bude sararin samaniya, suna da matukar wuya. A halin yanzu, don karewa, gami da waɗannan halittu, an ƙirƙiri wuraren shakatawa da dama na ƙasa da wuraren ajiya.
Aphodius mai-tabo biyu
Wannan ƙwaro, wanda yake da tsawon 8 zuwa 12 mm, shima an haɗa shi a cikin jerin kwari na littafin ja na Rasha... Halittar ta sami suna ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tana da tabo mai launin baki zagaye guda biyu wadanda suke kan fuka-fuki masu sheki ja, wadanda ke makwabtaka da wani dan madaidaicin duhu.
Waɗannan su ne mazaunan yankuna da yawa na mallakar Turai na ƙasarmu, suna shimfidawa har zuwa Urals da Siberia.
Duk da yawan masu yawan gaske, yawan irin wadannan beet din a halin yanzu yana fuskantar raguwar raguwa a wasu wuraren zama.
Dalilan da suka haifar da wannan lamarin, a cewar hasashe, su ne: yawan amfani da magungunan kashe kwari, magungunan kashe kwari da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin ayyukan noman mutane, da kuma rashin wurin zama saboda raguwar yawan dawakai da sauran dabbobin, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka bar beet din ba tare da asalin abincinsu ba - taki.
Inoasa irin ƙwaro Avinov
Wannan ƙwaro shine wakilin gidan ƙwari da aka samo a yankunan tsaunuka na tsibirin Sakhalin. Tana da tsayin santimita 20 ko fiye. Baya baya jan-jan ne, kuma elytra na da launin tagulla-mai haske.
A ƙasan ƙwaro baƙi baƙi ne, kuma tarnaƙi suna ba da ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Waɗannan rayayyun halittu ba su da 'yan ƙungiya a cikin gauraye, dazuzzuka da kuma gandun daji fir, masu wadataccen ciyawa na dogayen ciyawa.
Wannan nau'in kwarin ba shi da fahimta sosai, kuma yana yiwuwa a sami bayanai kaɗan kan waɗannan halittu. An san su da farauta, suna cinye nau'ikan ƙananan invertebrates da molluscs.
Iyakar haihuwar kwari na faruwa ne a farkon watan Yuli, kuma a lokacin hunturu sukan faɗa cikin rayarwar da aka dakatar, galibi suna samun mafaka ga kansu a lokacin sanyi a cikin ruɓar fure.
Yawan beetles yana raguwa sosai, galibi saboda gaskiyar cewa sun zama abin kulawa na masu tarawa, haka nan kuma yawan mutane yana da mummunan tasirin ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam.
Kaguwa irin ƙwaro
Kwaron na dangin barewa ne, kasancewarta daya daga cikin manyan dabbobin bera da ake samu a yankin Turai. Maza yawanci sun fi mata girma kuma a wasu lokuta sukan kai tsawon 85 mm.
Daga cikin mambobin jikin dabbar, kaho-ja-kaho mai launin ruwan kasa ne musamman, wanda yake kan kai, inda kuma akwai idanu da eriya. Ya kamata a sani cewa irin wannan ado mallakar maza ne kawai. Asan jikin irin waɗannan halittu galibi baki ne, kuma kafa biyu-biyu sun faɗi daga kirji.
Agwaron bera yana iya tashi sama, amma maza sun fi mata nasara a cikin gudu. Abin sha'awa, saduwar irin waɗannan halittu masu rai, wanda ke faruwa a cikin bishiyoyi, yana ɗaukar awanni uku.
Kuma tsutsa masu launi-cream, wanda ƙyanƙyashe sakamakon wannan daga ƙwai da aka ɗora a gaba, ta ƙarshen matakin ci gaban su har zuwa 14 cm.
Ana samun dusar ƙanƙara a Turai, musamman a yankunan da ke da yanayi mai ɗumi, kuma mazauninsu ya kai har zuwa yankunan arewacin Afirka. Kwari suna zaune a cikin manyan bishiyoyi, wuraren shakatawa, lambuna da gandun daji na itacen oak, suna kuma yaɗuwa a yankuna masu tsaunuka da kuma rafin koguna.
Erwarin Deer yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙwaro a Rasha
Manyan ƙwaro sun fi son zama cikin bishiyun bishiyun bishiyoyi, wanda itacen oaks ya fi shahara. Amma kuma lindens, beeches, ash, pine da poplar sun dace da rayuwarsu.
Duk da kahonnin da suke firgita, irin wadannan halittu masu rai basu da illa kuma galibi suna ciyar da tsire-tsire. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa waɗannan ƙananan kwari yawanci ba su wuce wata ɗaya ba.
Raguwar yawan ƙwarin barewar ya faru ne saboda canje-canje a mazaunin, rayuwar ɗan adam, tsabtace muhalli da ƙetare kwanciyar hankali da masu tarawa.
Kyakkyawan kamshi
Kyakkyawan ƙwaya mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi wanda ke fitar da ƙamshi mara daɗi idan akwai haɗari.
Nutcracker na Parreis
Ofayan ɗayan manyan wakilai na alamomin. Tsawon jiki 25 - 30 mm. Tsutsar tsutsan suna bunkasa a cikin itacen tsohuwar rubabben bishiyoyi da suka faɗi, galibi a cikin itatuwan pines. Tsutsa na cin ciyawar da ke zaune a rubabben itace.
Black barewa
Bemugun ƙwaro yana zaune a cikin tsohuwar daɗaɗɗun gandun daji, yana haɓaka kuma yana beranƙara a cikin itacen launin ruwan kasa. Tsuntsayen suna girma a cikin waɗancan bishiyoyi inda launin ruwan kasa kuma yake nan na wasu shekaru.
Adadin yana raguwa koyaushe saboda raguwar yawan matsugunan da suka dace da zama. Babban al'amarin shine yanke sare bishiyoyi.
Herwaro irin na gari
Ana samun kwatancen gama gari a keɓaɓɓun mutane. Don dawo da yawan ƙwaro, yana da matukar mahimmanci a adana tsofaffin bishiyoyi a wuraren shakatawa, da kuma wuraren tsohuwar dazuzzuka.
Tagulla mai santsi
Bronze kyakkyawa ne irin ƙwaro. Ya rarrabu zuwa nau'ikan halittu daban-daban kuma yana da kwari na kwarin coleopteran na dangin tagulla. Suna da haske, launin ƙarfe a cikin tabarau daban-daban.
Relic Lumberjack
A yankin ƙasar Rasha, mai saran katako shine babban wakilin coleoptera, wanda ya kai tsawon 110 mm. Babban dalilan da suka kawo koma baya ga yawan kwaro shine sare dazuzzuka, "tsabtace muhalli" na filayen daji, da kuma tarin masu tattarawa.
Mai tsayi mai tsayi
Mafi yawanci ana iya ganin su a cikin hasken rana ko bishiyun da suka faɗi. Launi mai launin toka-shuɗi yana ba Barbel mai tsada damar yin kamanni da kyau kuma ya zama ba a gan shi a kan babban bishiyar abinci - beech na Turai. Irin ƙwaro alama ce ta Gandun dajin Danube-Ipoli na ƙasar Hungary.
Masashon kudan zuma
Theudan zuma sun sami sunan su ta hanyar gina gidaje na waken soya a cikin itacen da ya mutu, suna cizon gurbi masu zurfin matakai da yawa, tare da ɗimbin ƙwayoyi, a cikin kowane ɗayansu tsutsa za ta ci gaba.
Kwalba mai kwalliya
Bumblebees kwari ne masu jini a cikin jini saboda lokacin da tsokoki na pectoral ke aiki, ana samun zafi mai yawa kuma yanayin jiki yana tashi. Don dumi, kumurmin daji baya bukatar tashi; zai iya, yayin kasancewa a wurin, hanzarta kwanto tsokoki, tare da samar da sautin haushi.
Kakin zuma
Dangane da halaye na ƙirar halitta, ƙwar zuma, duk da cewa tana da halaye marasa kama da kamanceceniya da kudan zuma, suna da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Forms dindindin iyalai da ba su wargajewa don hunturu, a cikin abin da live live ƙudan zuma jere daga 0.1-4.0 kg.
Tsuntsayen daji
Mafi kusancin jinsin, kuma mai yiwuwa asalin asalin silkworm mai gida. Forewings tare da ƙira a gefen gefe na bayan koli. A gefen gefen gefen waje, akwai wani wuri mai duhu mai launin ruwan kasa wanda ya yi fice sosai a bayan reshe.
Labarin malam buɗe ido na Dauda
Mazaunan dazuzzuka ba su da yawa, a kan kananan gangare-gutsen daji. Bayanai na kai tsaye suna ba mu damar yin la'akari da lambar a matsayin ƙasa kaɗan saboda yawan kiwo, wanda sau da yawa ke cin ganyayyakin caragana, haka kuma daga wutar gobara.
Lucina malam buɗe ido
A gefen gefen fikafikan yana da tushe mai duhu mai duhu wanda aka dusar da ɗumbin launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Butterflies ba sa yin dogon tashi sama kuma sun fi son tsayawa a wuraren da aka haife su.
Butterflies suna aiki da safe; suna yin sauran yini a kan ganyen daji daban-daban, suna hutawa tare da fukafukan shimfida-rabi.
Labarin mnemosyne
Kusan a duk faɗin ƙasar Rasha, yawan mnemosyne yana raguwa a hankali, kuma ba za a iya tsammanin canjin wannan yanayin a nan gaba ba. Don adana nau'ikan, ana buƙatar matakan gaggawa don gano mazaunin malam buɗe ido da kuma hana shiga cikin waɗannan yankuna.
Apollo gama-garin malam buɗe ido
Apollo dama yana daga cikin kyawawan kyawawan samfuran rana a Turai - wakilai mafi haske na dangin Sailboats.
Alkyne malam
Alkinoy yana daya daga cikin kyawawan labdaitan da aka samo a cikin Rasha. Launin fuka-fuki a cikin maza launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu, a cikin mata ya fi sauƙi, tare da ɗanɗano na kofi da kuma jijiyoyin baƙin jini. A ƙarshen reshen, akwai ƙananan balaguron da ke zuwa 2 cm a tsayi.
