Nuthatch - girman gwara, mai kamanceceniya da ƙaramin katako, kuma mai son birgewa. Bambance-banbancen wannan tsuntsu ba ya ta'allaka ne da saurin tafiyarsa tare da akwati mai santsi a bangarori daban-daban, har ma da ikon ratayewa sama a rassan.
Bayani da fasali
Nutaramar ƙarar nututt ta kasance ta oda ce ta masu wucewa, tana da ƙaramin jiki, gajere wutsiya da ƙafafu masu sheƙen ƙafafu masu lanƙwasa. Girman suna dogara ne akan nau'in, tsawon yana cikin kewayon 10-19 cm, nauyin yana da 10-55 g.
Yaɗu cikin Rasha ya karɓa goro mai gama gari, wanda nauyinsa ya kai 25 g, kuma tsawon jiki yakai cm 14.5. Mutane suna kiran tsuntsun mai juyawa, mai horarwa, mai rarrafe, a Latin - nuthatch.
Jiki na sama sau da yawa launin toka ne ko shuɗi, ciki yana fari, a cikin jama'ar da ke zaune a cikin Caucasus, yana da ja. Kan yana da girma, wuyan kusan ba a gani. Daga babban baki mai kaifi zuwa bayan kai, baƙar fata ta ratsa ido.
Kocin yakan tashi da sauri kai tsaye a lokacin gajeren jirgi, a nesa mai nisa - a cikin taguwar ruwa. Ya rufe nisan da bai wuce kilomita ɗaya ba tare da tsayawa ba.
Kodayake nuthatch ba na waƙoƙin waƙoƙi ba ne, sautinta mai daɗi ne da ƙarfi. Akwai bushe-bushe na bushe-bushe "tzi-it", wanda aka yi masa lakabi da mai horar da 'yan wasa, gurnani, kumbo. A lokacin da ake saduwa, ana jin kira, kuma yayin neman abinci, sautunan "tu-tu", "tweet-tweet".
Saurari muryar goro
Matasa tsuntsun goro ya bambanta da baligi cikin dusar dumi, kuma mace daga namiji kawai cikin ƙarami. Wakilan jinsi daban-daban na sauran jinsunan suna da launuka daban-daban na kambi, ƙarƙashin ƙasa da kuma gefuna.
Gwanin goro ya samo sunansa ne daga ikon yawo bishiyoyi sama da ƙasa
Irin
Don ganowa menene nuthatch kama?an fara gano su ta jinsuna. Tsarin tsuntsaye abu ne mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa. Iyalan goro sun hada da jinsi 6 da nau'ikan 30.
Yi la'akari da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan goro 4 da ke zaune a yankin Tarayyar Rasha:
- Talakawa
Yankin rarrabawa - daga iyakokin yamma na yankin gandun daji na Eurasia zuwa Kamchatka, Kuriles, Sakhalin. Bayan tsuntsun mai launin shuɗi ne-shuɗi, launin kirji da ciki na jama'ar arewa farare ne, na mutanen Caucasian, ja. An yiwa wutsiya alama da fararen fata.
A cikin Urals, ƙananan ƙananan rayayyun rayuwa - Siberian, wanda ya bambanta da gashin girare, goshi. Baƙin "maski" da ke gaban idanuwa ya san da goron goro na yau da kullun, matsakaiciyar girman jiki ita ce 12-14 cm. Yana sauka a cikin yankewa, coniferous, hade gandun daji, wuraren shakatawa.
- Jan-nono
Tsuntsayen da suka fi ƙanƙan da gwara - 12.5 cm an rarrabe su da haske mai yalwar jan kirji, da farin wuya da baƙin hula a kai, wanda farin gira ya keɓe daga "mask". Mace ba ta da haske da lura.
Idan a cikin ƙwayar Caucasian duk ƙananan ɓangaren jiki ja ne, to a cikin ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙwayar baƙar fata akwai tabo kawai a kirji. Yawan jama'a ya yadu a yammacin Caucasus a cikin gandun daji fir da pine. Tsuntsun yana zama ne, a lokacin hunturu yana sauka zuwa gabar Bahar Maliya.
Red-breasted goro
- Mai hawa bango
Yana zaune a Caucasus a tsawan sama da mita dubu uku sama da matakin teku. Tsawon jiki har zuwa cm 17. Launi - launin toka mai haske tare da miƙa mulki zuwa sautunan duhu, tare da jan sassan fikafikan da aka haskaka kan asalin yanayin.
A saman dutsen tsaunuka, mai hawa bango yana yin ƙananan tsalle, yayin buɗe fuka-fukan launi mai ban mamaki. Yana yin gida a cikin kwazazzabai masu duwatsu kusa da rafuka ko ruwa.
- Shaggy (baki-kai)
Saboda karancin lambarsa, an sanya shi a cikin Littafin Ja na Tarayyar Rasha. Yankin rarrabawa shine kudu na Yankin Primorsky. Ananan, tsuntsayen tsayi masu tsayin 11.5 cm ƙirƙirar ƙauyuka na gida. Suna zaune ne a cikin dazuzzuka da gandun daji masu rarrafe, a cikin dazuzzuka da kuma gandun daji masu sauƙi.
Sun fi son motsawa ba tare da sandunan ba, amma tare da rawanin, gami da ƙananan rassa. Matsakaicin adadin ƙwai a cikin kama shine 6. Suna hibernate a yankin Koriya.
Baya ga nuthatch na kowa, yawancin nau'ikan sun haɗa da:
- 'Yar Kanada
Ana tantance jinsin ne ta karamin jikin (11.5 cm), plumage mai ruwan toka-mai shuɗi na sama, jan ciki da kirji. Tsuntsayen suna da halayyar baƙaƙen fata da ke ratsa ido, baƙin tabo a saman kai. Yana zaune galibi cikin coniferous, mai wadataccen abinci, gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka.
- Chit
Mafi kankanta daga dangin nuthatch yakai nauyin 9 zuwa 11 kawai tare da tsayin jiki na santimita 10. Bishiya mai launin toka-toka, kasan fari, farin gashi a saman kai. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka daji na Mexico, Colombia, yammacin Arewacin Amurka.
Yana motsawa ba tare da jinkiri ba tare da kututturan, sau da yawa yakan ciyar da rana a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi. Nests na twigs a cikin halitta recesses na tsohon itatuwa. Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai har zuwa 9.
- Corsikan
Wurin zama ya dace da sunan. Yana da ɗan gajeren baki a ƙaramin kai mai jiki santimita 12. Bangaren na sama daidaitaccen launin launin shuɗi ne da launuka masu launuka shuɗi, a ƙasan gefen yana da haske, maƙogwaron kusan fari ne. Kambin namiji bakar fata ne, mace kuma launin toka ce. Muryar ta fi siriri kuma ta fi ta wadda aka saba da ita.
- Roaramin dutse
Girman da launi na laman yayi kama da mai horarwa. Yana zaune a arewacin Isra’ila, a Siriya, Iran, kudu da yammacin Turkiya, kusan. Lesvos Gidajensu kango ne, a kan duwatsu, tare da kwazazzaben gabar Bahar Rum.
- Babban dutse
Ya kai girman cm 16. Nauyi ya fi na katon -55 g. Baya baya launin toka, cikin ciki fari ne da tan a gefe. Yankin rarrabawa - Transcaucasia, Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Asiya. Rock nuthatch Yana zaune a cikin duwatsu. Ya bambanta a cikin busar ƙarfi.
- Azure
Java, Sumatra da Malesiya sun zaɓi kyawawan ƙwayoyin azure, waɗanda suka sha bamban da sauran nau'ikan. Ana haɗa launuka iri-iri na shuɗi a baya. Planyen baƙar fata sun rufe rabin rabin ciki, saman kai, da yankin kewaye da idanuwa. Sauran jiki fari ne. Wani bakin abu mai shunayya mai ban sha'awa yana tsaye.
Goro yana daga cikin ƙananan al'ummomin da ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa a kansu:
- Aljeriya, wanda kawai matsuguninsa yake a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan Atlas na Algeria.
- Giant, har zuwa 19.5 cm tsawo kuma yana auna zuwa 47 g.
- Fari-fari, yana rayuwa musamman a Myanmar.
- Bahamian (mai launin ruwan kasa), wanda ya ragu ƙwarai bayan guguwar 2016 a cikin Caribbean.
Dukkanin jinsunan suna haɗuwa da kamanceceniyar rayuwa, bayyanar su. Babban bambancin shine launi plumage, mazauni.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Tsuntsun goro mai aiki da nutsuwa. Duk yini don neman abinci yana yawo tare da kututturan da rassan bishiyoyi, yana yin gajeren jirgi. Rarraba ko'ina. Tsuntsaye sun kafa ƙauyuka a yawancin Turai, Asiya. Ana iya samunsu a cikin Maroko mai zafi da sanyi-tundra na Yakutia, a cikin yankuna na Asiya.
A cikin Rasha, galibi suna zaune a cikin bishiyoyi masu daɗaɗɗu, gauraye gami da haɗe-haɗe, yankin gandun dajin, inda akwai ƙwaro da yawa da yawa, da katako, da ƙwarjin ganye. Ta hanyar cin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro, ƙwarin goro yana tsawanta rayuwar bishiyoyi. Hakanan tsuntsaye suna zama a cikin dazuzzuka, bishiyun bishiyoyi, a cikin tsaunukan Caucasus.
Amsa tambaya, nuthatch tsuntsayen ƙaura ko a'a, Ba za ku iya amfani da monosyllables ba. A cikin girma - wintering. Ba don komai ba ne cewa kowane mutum, daga kaka zuwa lokacin da ya fi kowane lokaci sanyi, yana yin ƙididdigar lamirinsa a hankali, yana ɓoye kwaya da iri a wasu keɓaɓɓun wurare a cikin yankin da ake buyar.
Shaggy nuthatch na zaune ne a kudancin yankin Koriya a lokacin hunturu, inda yake tashi daga Primorye. Amma wannan ya zama banda ga doka. Idan tsuntsayen basu damu ba, to zasu ci gaba da bin shafin su tsawon shekaru.
Bayan kajin sun girma sun bar gida gida, dangi sukan watse. Tsuntsaye ba sa yin garken dabbobi, amma suna haɗuwa da titmice, suna yawo tare da su don yin tazara don neman abinci.
Jarumi nuthatch a cikin hunturu a natse a kan masu ciyarwar, kuma a cikin sanyi, lokacin ruwan sama, idan ɓarna ko ɓarkewa ya lalata kayansa, cikin sauƙi za su iya buɗewa ta taga ta buɗe. Sun yarda da yardar rai a cikin kananan gidaje da mutum yayi wa tsuntsaye, a cikin birane ko a gidajen rani.
Suna samun saiwa sosai a gida. A gare su, aviaries masu faɗi, unguwar siskin, linnet sun dace. Wurin zama sanye take da datti, jujjuya, ruɓaɓɓen hemp. Tsuntsayen Bird kusan kamar ganin wasan acrobatic. Tare da kulawa ta yau da kullun da wadataccen sarari, ƙwarin da ke cikin bauta yana iya samar da zuriya.
Gina Jiki
A lokacin bazara da bazara, kwari sun fi yawa a cikin abincin direba. Wannan ya shafi musamman lokacin nest, ciyar da kajin.
Abincin gina jiki ya hada da:
- larvae, kwari;
- kananan arachnids;
- kwaro irin na kwari (ciyawa, ciyawar ganye);
- kudaje, matsakaita;
- tsutsotsi;
- tururuwa;
- kwarin gado.
Mafi yawan lokuta, kwayayen kan sami kwari, suna ta gudu ba kakkautawa tare da kututturan, rassan bishiyoyi. Amma wani lokacin yakan sauka ƙasa, neman abinci a cikin ciyawa da ciyawar daji. A cikin kaka, tsuntsaye suna son yin biki a kan 'ya'yan itace na tsuntsu ceri, hawthorn, ya tashi kwatangwalo. Babban abincin da aka gina akan tsire-tsire ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin conerous cone, beech da m kwayoyi, acorns, sha'ir da hatsi.
Nuthatches kusan basa tsoron mutane kuma galibi ana samun su kusa da masu ciyarwa
Dangane da abubuwan da masana kimiyyar kayan kwalliya suka nuna, goro yana da ƙanshi mai kyau; ba zai taɓa sha'awar kwaya mara komai ba. Cikin basira ya huda kwasfa mai wuya tare da kaifi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, danna thea fruitan zuwa saman akwatin, riƙe shi da ƙafa, ko sanya shi a cikin wani dutse mai ƙyama.
A lokacin hunturu, gwaraza tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa wurin masu ciyarwar da mutum yayi. Don neman abinci, basa tsoron zama koda a hannu tare da tsaba ko wasu abubuwan kulawa. Daga kaka zuwa Disamba, masu rarrafe a gida suna ƙirƙirar alamun abinci, suna sanya kwayoyi da iri iri tare da fasa cikin haushi ko ramuka a wurare daban-daban don kada hannayen jari su ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Balagaon jima'in tsuntsaye yana karewa a ƙarshen shekarar farko. Ma'aurata an halicce su sau ɗaya kuma ga dukkan rayuwa. Ana jin waƙar farin ciki na nuthatch a cikin gandun daji a watan Fabrairu, kuma zuwa ƙarshen Maris, ma'auratan suna kula da wurin da ake yin shurin. Hannun katako da aka jefa ko baƙin ciki daga rubabbun rassa sun dace. Babban abu shine suna kan tsayin mita uku zuwa goma.
Nuthatches suna sanya sheƙarsu a cikin ramin itace
An rufe ƙofar da yankunan da ke kusa da haushi da yumbu wanda aka jika da miyau. Har yanzu akwai rami tare da diamita na cm 3-4. A kan wannan tushen, an ƙaddara cewa ƙwanƙolin goro sun zauna a nan. "Silin" na ɓangaren ciki na ramin kuma "mai laushi ne", kuma an lika ɓangaren ƙasa da ƙura mai kauri da busassun ganye. Tsarin yana ɗaukar makonni biyu.
Gidajen ƙwanƙolin duwatsu masu ban sha'awa na musamman ne. Su mazugi ne na yumɓu wanda aka haɗe da dutsen da faɗi mai faɗi. Abu mafi ban mamaki shi ne cewa sararin da ke kusa da ƙofar an kawata shi da fuka-fukai masu haske, baƙuwar 'ya'yan itace, da riguna.
Wannan adon yana nunawa sauran tsuntsayen cewa wurin ya mamayesu. An kawata bangon ciki na gida tare da chitin (fuka-fukan mazari, fend beetle).
A watan Afrilu, mace tana sanya fararen kwai 6-9 tare da ruwan toka masu ruwan kasa, wanda ke daukar makonni 2-2.5. A wannan lokacin, namiji yana kulawa da budurwarsa, yana ba ta abinci a cikin yini. Lokacin da kaji suka bayyana, iyayen duka suna damuwa game da abincinsu.
Ana kawo kwari sama da sau ɗari uku a rana don zuriya mai fama da yunwa koyaushe. Kajin sun fara tashi cikin makonni uku ko hudu, amma namiji da mace na ci gaba da ciyar da su tsawon makonni biyu. Bayan wannan, matasa suna fara ciyar da kansu. Birdsananan tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a cikin daji ko kuma a tsare cikin shekaru 10.
