Shrimp ne ɓawon burodi, waxanda suke wakilai ne na tsarin kifin kifin dcapod. Sun yadu a cikin dukkanin ruwan tekun duniya. Tsawon babban shrimp bai wuce santimita 30 ba kuma yayi nauyi gram 20.
Kimiyya ta san mutane sama da 2000 da ke rayuwa, gami da cikin sabbin ruwa. Dandanon shrimp ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa sun zama abun samar da masana'antu. Aikin nome shrimp ya yadu a duniya a yau.
Fasali da mazaunin jatan lande
Shrimps dabbobi ne da babu kamarsu a tsarin jikinsu. Fasali na jatan lande suna cikin jikinsu. Shrimp ɗayan ɗayan ɓaure ne wanda ke zubar da kwasfa.
Al'aurarta da zuciyarta suna cikin yankin kai. Akwai kuma bangaren narkewar abinci da fitsari. Kamar yawancin crustaceans, jatan lande yana numfasawa ta gill.
Gullun shrimp suna da kariya ta harsashi kuma suna kusa da ƙafafun tafiya. A cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, jininsu shuɗi ne mai haske, tare da rashin isashshen oxygen, ya zama ba shi da launi.
Shrimp rayuwa a kusan dukkan manyan ruwaye a duniya. Yankinsu ya iyakance ne kawai ta hanyar ruwan Arctic da Antarctic. Sun saba da rayuwa cikin dumi da sanyi, gishiri da ruwa mai ɗanɗano. Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan jatan lande suna mai da hankali ne a yankuna na yankin. Mafi nisa daga mahaɗar, ƙaramin yawansu ya ragu.
Yanayi da salon shrimp
Shrimp taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin halittu na tekuna da tekuna. Suna tsabtace kasan tafkunan ruwa daga ragowar tubule, kwari na cikin ruwa da kifi. Abincin su ya kunshi rubabben shuke-shuke da detritus, sluding na baƙar fata wanda aka samu ta bazuwar kifi da algae.
Suna jagorantar salon rayuwa: suna hucewa fadada kasan don neman abinci, suna rarrafe akan ganyen shuke-shuke, suna tsarkake su daga tarkon tsirrai. Ana ba da damar motsa jikin shrimp a cikin ruwa ta kafafun kafa a kan cephalothorax da ƙafafun ninkaya na ciki, kuma motsin jelar yana ba su damar saurin dawowa da kuma tsoratar da magabtansu.
Kayan kifin na akwatin kifaye yana aiki ne mai tsari. Sun kawar da tafkin ƙarancin algae overgrowth kuma suna ciyar da ragowar "brothersan uwan" matattu. Wani lokaci zasu iya kai hari ga mara lafiya ko kifin bacci. Cin naman mutane a tsakanin waɗannan ɓarnatattun abubuwa ba su da yawa. Yawancin lokaci yana bayyana kansa ne kawai a cikin yanayin damuwa ko kuma cikin yanayin dogon yunwa.
Nau'in tsire-tsire
Dukkanin nau'o'in jatan lande sun kasu kashi hudu:
- Ruwan dumi;
- Ruwan sanyi;
- Ruwan Gishiri;
- Ruwan farin ruwa.
Mahalli na shrimp-mai dumi-ruwa an iyakance shi ne zuwa tekun kudu da tekuna. An kama su ba kawai a cikin mazauninsu ba, amma har ma an horar da su a cikin yanayin wucin gadi. Kimiyya ta san fiye da nau'o'in ɗumman ɗumman ruwa mai dumi. Misalan irin waɗannan mulmulallen baƙaƙen damis ne mai baƙar fata da fararen damisa.
Hoto yana da farin tiger shrimp
Sanyin ruwa mai sanyi sune sanannun ƙananan raƙuman ruwa. Mazauninsu yana da fadi: ana samunsu a cikin Baltic, Barents, North Seas, a gefen tekun Greenland da Kanada.
Yaushe bayanin jatan lande na irin waɗannan mutane yana da daraja a faɗi cewa tsayinsu yakai 10-12 cm, kuma nauyinsu ya kai gram 5.5-12. Sanyin ruwa mai sanyi ba sa rancen haihuwa don kawai haɓakawa a cikin mazauninsu na asali.
Suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan plankton mai ƙarancin mahalli, wanda ke da tasiri mai tasiri akan ingancin su. Mafi shahararrun wakilan wannan rukunin ƙasashe sune jan jatan arewa, chillim na arewa da jatan ja.
Hoto chirim shrimp
Shrimp, wanda aka saba da shi a cikin ruwan gishiri na tekuna da tekuna, ana kiransu brackish. Don haka, a cikin Tekun Atlantika ja sarki prawns, farin fari, kudu ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda na arewa, serrate da sauran mutane.
A cikin hoton, irin jatan lande
Ana iya samun shrimp na Chile a bakin Tekun Kudancin Amurka. Ruwan tekun Black, Baltic da na Bahar Rum suna da wadataccen ciyawar ciyawa da yashi mai yashi.
Hoton ciyawar ciyawa ce
Ana samun shrimps mara kyau a ƙasashen kudu maso gabas da Kudancin Asiya, Ostiraliya, Rasha da ƙasashen bayan Soviet. Tsawon waɗannan mutane yakai santimita 10-15 kuma ya auna daga gram 11 zuwa 18. Mafi shahararrun jinsunan sune troglocar shrimp, Palaemon superbus, Macrobachium rosenbergii.
Shrimp abinci
Tushen abincin shrimp suna mutuwa daga tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa da tarkace. A cikin mazauninsu na asali, sune masu yin shara. Shrimp ba zai ƙi jin daɗin cin ragowar matattun mollusks ko da kifin kifi ba.
Daga cikin tsire-tsire, sun fi son cin waɗanda ke da ganye mai laushi da laushi, misali, ceratopteris. A yayin binciken abinci, jatan lande yana amfani da gabobin taɓawa da ƙamshi. Juya eriyar eriyar ta ta hanyoyi daban-daban, yana waige wajan yankin kuma yana kokarin neman ganima.
Don neman ciyayi, wasu nau'ikan jatan landar da ke zaune kusa da mashigin tsakiya suna haƙa ƙasa ta tafkin. Suna gudu kewaye da shi har sai sun ci karo da abinci, sannan kuma, suna zuwa kusa da nesa na santimita, suna kai hare hare da shi. Makafi mutane da ke zaune a ƙasan Bahar Maliya suna cin abinci a kan siraɗi, suna nika shi da mandola - ƙyamar jaws.
Don tsire-tsire da ke girma a cikin akwatin kifaye, ana samar da kayan abinci na musamman wanda aka haɓaka, wadataccen abinci da iodine. Ba'a ba da shawarar ciyar da su da kayan lambu masu lalacewa ba.
A matsayin abinci, zaku iya amfani da ɗan dafaffun karas, kokwamba, zucchini, ganyen dandelion, ɗanɗano, cherries, kirji, gyada. Biki na gaske don jatan lande shine ragowar kifin akwatin kifaye ko kuma abokan aiki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na jatan lande
Yayin balaga, shrimp mace tana fara aiwatar da ƙwai, kwatankwacin ruwan kore-rawaya. Lokacin da mace ta shirya saduwa, sai ta saki pheromones a cikin ruwa - abubuwa tare da takamaiman wari.
Bayan sun hango wannan warin, sai a kunna maza wajen neman abokin tarayya kuma suyi mata taki. Wannan aikin yana ɗaukar ƙasa da minti ɗaya. Sannan shrimp din yana da caviar. Abinda aka saba dashi ga mace baliga shine kamawar ƙwai 20-30. Ci gaban amfrayo na larvae yana daga kwana 10 zuwa 30, ya danganta da yanayin zafin yanayi.
A yayin aiwatar da embryogenesis, larvae din suna zuwa matakai 9-12. A wannan lokacin, canje-canje suna faruwa a cikin tsarin su: a farkon, an kafa muƙamuƙan, ɗan kaɗan daga baya - cephalothorax. Yawancin yawancin ƙyanƙyashe da aka ƙyanƙyashe suna mutuwa ne saboda yanayi mara kyau ko "aikin" masu farauta. Matsayin mai mulkin, balaga ya kai 5-10% na brood. Yaushe kiwo shrimp har zuwa 30% na zuriya ana iya kiyaye su a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Tsutsar tsutsa suna rayuwa ta rashin nutsuwa kuma ba sa iya samun abinci, suna ciyar da abincin da suke samu. Mataki na ƙarshe na ci gaba a cikin waɗannan molluscs ana kiransa decapodite. A wannan lokacin, tsutsa ta kewaya da salon rayuwa ba ta da banbanci da babban jatan lande. A matsakaici, shrimp yana da tsarin rayuwa na shekaru 1.5 zuwa 6.
