Tsuntsu Gyrfalcon Gyrfalcon salon tsuntsaye da mazauninsu

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Akwai mafi girman tsuntsu a cikin dangin falcon. Fuka-fukan sa sun kai kimanin cm 135. Dangane da fasali na waje, ya dan yi kama da fallon peregrine, wutsiyar sa kawai ta fi tsayi.

Wannan ake kira tsuntsu gyrfalcon. Tun ƙarni na 12 aka sami wannan kalmar a cikin "Lay of Igor's Host". A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sassan Turai na Rasha. Da alama ya yi kama da kalmar Hungary "kerecheto", "kerechen" kuma ana tuna ta daga lokacin wanzuwar Pramagyars a kan yankin ƙasar Ugra.

Mafi girman wakilai na wannan rukunin suna da nauyin nauyi daidai gwargwado. Mace, kuma yawanci ta fi ta namiji girma, nauyinta ya kai kimanin kilogiram 1.5, namiji kuwa kilo 1. Kallo hoto na tsuntsun gyrfalcon, zamu iya yanke shawara cewa suna da kyawawan layu, wanda ba zai yuwu ba a kula dasu. Kuna hukunta ta bayanin tsuntsu na gyrfalcon, launinta yafi rinjaye da sautunan haske, gami da lokacin duhu.

Misali, akwai gyrfalcon mai ruwan kasa-mai launin fari da fuka-fukai masu duhu a ciki. Bangaren bakin tsuntsu kusan koyaushe yana tare da ɓoye mai duhu wanda ba za a iya gani ba. Gyrfalcons suna da saukin kamuwa da cutar polymorphism; duk tsuntsaye suna da bambance-bambance sananne a cikin launin launi.

Har ila yau, akwai baƙaƙen mutane masu rauni na jima'i. Suna da haƙori a kan kyawawan halaye, halayyar duk falcons. Wsafafun gyrfalcon rawaya ne. Jimlar tsuntsun yakai cm 55-60. Tsarin mulkinsu babba ne, mai dogon fuka-fuki da jela. Muryar su tana da sanyin murya.

A cikin hoton akwai gyrfalcon baƙar fata

Fasali da mazaunin gyrfalcon

Wannan tsuntsu ya fi son yankuna masu sanyi. Ba mamaki su ma ana kiransu tsuntsu gyrfalcon na tundra. Yankunan Arctic da na canjin yanayi na Arewacin Amurka, Asiya da Turai sune wuraren da aka fi so don gyrfalcons. Altai, Tien Shan, Greenland da Kwamandojin Kwamanda suna da wadataccen nau'ikan waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen.

Ernan ciki gyrfalcon tsuntsun ganima ya fi so a yankunan kudu. Amma kuma akwai tsuntsayen da basa zaune a cikinsu. Suna zaune galibi a Greenland, Lapland da Taimyr. A can suka sauka a cikin gandun daji-tundra, haka kuma a cikin bel din. Bugu da kari, akwai masu yin hijira a tsaye.

Misali, gyrfalcon na Asiya ta Tsakiya ya sauko cikin kwarin mai tsayi. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun yadu a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya ta Tarayyar Rasha. Sun zabi bangaren kudu na yankin Magadan da arewacin yankin na Kamchatka don yin sheka, kuma a lokacin bazara sukan dawo. Saboda wannan, mutane sun kira gyrfalcon da mai kuzari.

Fikafikan fikafikan katako mai kwalliya kusan 135 cm.

Yanayi da salon rayuwar tsuntsun gyrfalcon

Wadannan manyan tsuntsayen ba su da malalata. Ba sa damuwa da gidansu kuma galibi ba sa damuwa da tunanin ginin son kai. Sau da yawa sau da yawa nests na hankaka, gaggafa zinariya da gaggafa ta zama musu mafaka mai ban mamaki. Wadannan tsuntsayen galibi suna da gurbi fiye da ɗaya, don haka kowa yana farin ciki kuma yanayin rikici ba ya tashi.

Abu mai mahimmanci yayin zabar gidan zama don gyrfalcons shine sirrinta da rashin kowace unguwa. Bayan sun wuce wajan shekara guda, tsuntsayen zasu fara ayyukansu don neman abokin aurensu, sannan kuma tare da ita suke tsunduma cikin batun haihuwa.

A cikin hoton, wani gyrfalcon gida tare da kajin

Duwatsu masu ƙwanƙwasa ko raƙuman ruwa masu zurfin wuri sune wuraren da ya fi dacewa gida gida don gyrfalcons. Gidan su ba dadi sosai da farce. Yana da kyau, tare da gansakuka a ƙasa, fuka-fukai ko busasshiyar ciyawa.

Saboda kasancewar ita kanta tsuntsun tana da girma kuma gidanta na da girma. Girman diamita na Gyrfalcon gida ya kai kimanin mita 1, kuma tsayinsa ya kai mita 0.5. Akwai lokuta da yawa lokacin da tsararrun tsuntsayen nan suka rayu a cikin irin waɗannan gidajen. Wannan yana daya daga abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da gyrfalcon.

Tun zamanin da, ana amfani da gyrfalcons a matsayin mataimaka masu lalata a cikin farauta. Ba sana'a bane, amma yafi kama da al'ada ta al'ada, kamar kwallaye da liyafar. Samun gyrfalcon an dauke shi gaye kuma abin al'ajabi ga mutane da yawa.

Ana amfani da Gyrfalcon a matsayin mai farautar farauta

Tare da taimakonsa, maigidan yayi ƙoƙarin ficewa daga wasu. Farin gyrfalcon koyaushe ana ba shi fifiko na musamman. Don neman yaren gama gari yayin tattaunawar da kuma cimma yarjejeniya, an kawo gyrfalcons a matsayin kyauta.

Kuma a lokacin mulkin tsars a cikin Rasha akwai ma irin wannan matsayi - falconer. Wuraren da aka ajiye waɗannan tsuntsayen ana kiransu krechatny. A yau ana sake farfaɗo da irin wannan farautar, amma yana ɗaukar kamannin wasanni. Mutane da yawa suna cewa godiya ga irin wannan farauta, ruhun jaruntaka ya dawo, ainihin ainihin mutumin Rasha ya farka.

Hoto da bayanin yadda tsuntsu ya gyrfalcon yana nuna dukkan karfinta da karfinta. Ba za ku iya ɗauka da wasa ba. Bayan duk wannan, ita ce keɓaɓɓu na kyawawan halaye da yawa waɗanda ya kamata su kasance na asali a cikin kowane mai rai mai girmama kansa.

Abinci

Abincin Gyrfalcon ya hada da sauran tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Hanyarsu ta farauta iri ɗaya ce da ta kowane irin falle. Suna lura da abincinsu daga tsayi, da sauri suna faɗuwa suna manne da shi da ƙafafunsu masu ƙarfi. Suna kashe abincinsu nan take, saboda wannan suna cizon kai da bakinsa kuma suna fasa wuyansa. Suna kama tsuntsaye a sama. Idan a sama basa iya ma'amala dasu, sai su nitse a kasa su kawo aikin da aka fara zuwa karshen.

Fiye da duka, gyrfalcons suna son juzu'ai, masu ruwa, gull da ƙananan dabbobi masu cin gashin kai. Vole, hares, squirrels suma suna lalata su nan da nan ta gyrfalcons da zaran sun bayyana a idanunsu. Akwai lokacin da waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa ƙyamar gawa. Wannan ba safai bane, amma yana faruwa.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na tsuntsun gyrfalcon

Gyrfalcons sun sami kansu kamar ma'aurata sau ɗaya kuma don rayuwa. Mata ba sa damuwa da gina babban birni. Don yin wannan, an zaɓi dutsen da ba shi da dutse, kuma a kansa an riga an shimfiɗa gida daga ciyawa, gansakuka da gashinsa.

Wani lokaci, kamar yadda aka ambata, gyrfalcones suna amfani da gidajen wasu mutane don gidaje. Suna iya zama a cikin gida ɗaya na tsawon shekaru. A wannan lokacin, yana samun bayyananniyar bayyanar kuma ƙara ƙaruwa a cikin girma. A cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, gyrfalcon suna iya haihuwa.

Yayinda suke saduwa, suna gudanar da kwan 1 zuwa 5. Basu fi girman akwatin wasa ba kuma nauyinsu bai wuce gram 60 ba. Mata ne kawai ke shirya ƙwai. Namiji a wannan lokacin yana kula da ita duka. Bayan watanni biyu kajin suna barin gidan iyayensu, kuma bayan hudu sun zama masu cin gashin kansu gaba daya.

A hoto, kajin Gyrfalcon a cikin gida

Gyrfalcon yana rayuwa cikin yanayi na kimanin shekaru 20. Sayi tsuntsaye Gyrfalcon ba sauki. A wannan lokacin, babban rashi ne kuma mafi darajar kadara. Sayarwa da sayan shi ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin laifin ƙasa kuma ana hukunta shi a ƙarƙashin duk abubuwan doka. Farashin merlin tsuntsu farawa daga dala dubu 500.

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Kalli bidiyon: White Alaskan Gyrfalcon: Falcon Hunting Duck (Nuwamba 2024).