Bayani da fasali
Akwai tatsuniya mai ban sha'awa. Lokacin da mai tuƙin jirgin ruwa na Ingilishi, wanda ya gano Australia, sanannen James Cook a karon farko a cikin jirgin "Endeavor" ya tashi zuwa gabar tekun gabas, sa'annan ya zama wata sabuwar nahiya ga kowa da kowa, kuma ya yi mamakin ganin akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire da ba a san su ba a baya da kuma wakilai daban-daban na fauna, ɗayan mafi ban mamaki a bayyanar, dabbobi na asali, na farko da ya faki idonsa wata halitta ce wacce take saurin tafiya a kan ƙafafuwanta na baya, a hankali yana ture su daga ƙasa.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa mai gano wannan nahiya yana sha'awar sunan wata dabba ta tsallaka, wanda ga wasu mutanensa har ma da kamar wata dodo ce ta kasashen waje, kuma ya sami amsa daga dan asalin: "Gangurru". Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, kamar yadda labarin ya fada, Cook ya yanke shawarar cewa al'ada ce kiran waɗannan dabbobi ta wannan hanyar, kodayake kawai dabban ya gaya masa cewa bai fahimce shi ba.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, an ba da sunan wannan wakilin na fauna, wanda bai dace da Turawa ba: Kangaroo... Kuma kodayake masana ilimin harshe daga baya sun yi shakkar gaskiyar labarin da aka bayyana na tarihi, wannan ba ya nufin kwatankwacin dabbar da kanta ba ta da daɗi, kuma labarin game da shi ba tsarkakakkiyar gaskiya ba ce. Amma yanzu hoton wannan halittar ya fara bayyana a jikin tambarin kasar Ostiraliya, kasancewar shi mutum ne da kuma alamar babban yankin da Cook ya bude.
Kangaroo baƙon abu ne har ma, a wata ma'ana, kyakkyawar halitta. Wannan wata dabba ce wacce take daga jinsin dabbobi masu shayarwa, sabili da haka, kamar sauran dangin wannan aji, suna haifar da offspringa livinga masu rai. Hakan kawai yake haifar da cuba cuba a wani mataki na daban wanda yake ɗauke dasu zuwa ga tsarinsu na ƙarshe a cikin jaka - aljihun fata mai dacewa wanda ke kan cikin waɗannan halittun. Ana samun Marsupials ne kawai a nahiyoyin Amurka da Ostiraliya, kuma galibinsu suna rayuwa ne a ƙasashen ƙarshen.
Wannan nahiyar, da zarar Cook ya gano ta, gabaɗaya sanannen sanannen adadi ne, ma'ana, samfurin fauna da ake samu kawai a waɗannan ɓangarorin. Wakilin masarautar dabbobin da muke la'akari da su yana daya daga cikinsu. Daga cikin sauran tashe-tashen hankula a wannan sashin na duniya, mutum na iya keɓe mata-mata - dabba mai gashi wacce ke yin rayuwarta a ɓoye. Koala wani ne dabba, kangaroo a ma'anar kasancewar aljihun fata akan ciki. Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan nau'ikan marsupials 180 a Ostiraliya.
Kangaroos suna motsawa ta hanyar tsalle
Wani sanannen bangare na jikin kangaroo ana daukar su a matsayin muscle mai ban mamaki, kafafun bayan baya masu karfin gaske tare da tsokoki masu girma akan cinyoyi da kafafu masu yatsu huɗu. Sun ba da izinin wannan dabba ta nesa tare da bugun su don ba da amintaccen abin ƙyama ga waɗanda suka aikata laifin, tare da motsawa da sauri mai ban sha'awa a ƙafafu biyu kawai, yayin da a lokaci guda a matsayin mai ba da shawara, yana taimakawa daidaitawa da gyara yanayin motsi ta amfani da doguwar wutsiyarsa.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa cewa, ba kamar ƙananan jiki ba, wanda aka haɓaka ƙwarai da gaske, na sama yana da kamar rashin ci gaba. Kan kangaroo kanana ne; za a iya gajartar da bakin bakin, amma kuma dogo, ya danganta da nau'in; kafadu matsattse. Gajerun kafafun gaba, wadanda ba a rufe su da gashi, masu rauni ne. An sanye su da yatsun kafa biyar waɗanda ke ƙare da dogayen kaushin hannu.
Waɗannan yatsun waɗannan dabbobin suna da ci gaba sosai kuma suna da motsi, tare da su irin waɗannan halittu suna iya kama abubuwa kewaye, riƙe abinci har ma da tsefe gashin kansu. A hanyar, fur na irin waɗannan dabbobin suna da taushi da kauri, yana iya zama ja, launin toka ko baƙi a cikin launuka daban-daban. Kanguru na iya kashe mutum da ƙafafunsa, kuma fikarsa na iya hanji dabbobin da ba su da girma sosai.
Irin
Sunan "kangaroo" wani lokacin ana amfani dashi don komawa ga dukkan dangi masu ɗauke da suna: kangaroo. Amma mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da wannan kalmar, ma'ana mafi yawan jinsin da aka ayyana (za'a bayyana su daga baya), kuma galibi ana kiran ƙananan dabbobin kangaroo daban. Lallai, girman membobin jinsuna daban-daban sun bambanta ƙwarai.
Kangaroos ba zai wuce girman cm 25 ba, har zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi ko fiye. Manyan jan kangoro ana daukar su mafi girma, kuma mambobi ne na launin toka mai launin toka sune masu rikodin (a cikin waɗannan, mutane masu nauyin 100 kg). Waɗannan dabbobin sune ƙwararrun masarautar Ostiraliya, amma kuma ana samun su a tsibirin da ke kusa da yankin da aka ambata: a Tasmania, New Guinea da sauransu. Dukkanin sifofin su bayyane suke karara kangaroo a hoto.
Gabaɗaya, sanannun zuriya goma sha huɗu ne a cikin dangin kangaroo. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da wakilci sosai, yayin da wasu ba su da yawa, amma adadin kangaroo a cikin jimillar yana da yawa. Bari muyi bayanin wasu daga cikin su daki daki.
1. Ginger babban kangaroo... Wannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan katuwar bishiyar kangaroos ne, nau'ikan samfuransa suna da nauyin kilo 85, da kuma wutsiya mai tsawon mita. Ana samun irin waɗannan dabbobi ko dai a arewacin arewacin cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ko kuma a gefen tekun gabas a kudu na babban yankin, sun fi son zama a yankuna masu dausayi na yankin da aka nuna. Tsalle a ƙafafunsu na baya, suna iya motsa kilomita da yawa a cikin awa ɗaya. Dabbobi suna da abin ɗamara mai faɗi, kuma kunnuwansu suna da tsayi da tsawo.
Babban ginger kangaroo
2. Gabaswar kangaroo - jinsin suna da yawa sosai, kuma yawan mutanensa sun kai miliyan biyu. Membobin wannan nau'in, wadanda suke na biyu a girma bayan takwarorin da aka zayyana a sama, sune mafi kusanci ga mutane a mazauninsu, tunda sun fi son zama a yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a a Ostiraliya. Ana samun su a kudu da gabashin nahiyar.
Kangaroo mai launin toka
3. Wallaby - kangaroos kanana masu rukunin jinsuna. Ba su fi 70 cm tsayi ba, amma suna da girma musamman, kuma wasu na iya yin ƙasa da kilogiram 7. Koyaya, duk da girman su, waɗannan dabbobin suna tsalle sosai. Zakarun zakarun mutane zasuyi musu hassada. Tsayin tsalle Kangaroo wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa mita 10. Ana samun su a cikin tsaunuka, cikin fadama da kuma kan tsaunuka, duka a cikin yankin Australiya da kuma tsibirai na kusa.
Wallaby mace mai sanko a jaka
4. Berayen Kangaroo ba kamar dabbobi ba da aka ambata a cikin suna, amma kamar zomaye. Af, irin waɗannan halittun suna tafiyar da rayuwa daidai gwargwado, suna rayuwa a cikin ciyawar ciyawa, suna neman kuma tsara gidajensu a can.
Berayen Kangaroo
5. Quokki - jarirai daga wannan dangin masu nauyin kilogiram 4 da girman kyanwa, halittun da basu da kariya wadanda suke da kamannin waje da sauran kangaro, amma kuma ga beraye.
Quokki
Rayuwa da mazauni
Waɗannan halittun za su iya zama kyakkyawan alama ce ta motsi har abada. Suna iya tsalle zuwa tsayi wanda ya ninka tsayinsu biyu, kuma wannan ba shine iyaka ba. Bugu da kari, kangaroos na yawancin jinsuna kwata-kwata bashi da cutarwa kuma yake da dabara, musamman ma mafi girma daga cikinsu. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa yayin bugawa da ƙafafunsu na baya don kada su faɗi, suna da al'ada ta dogaro da wutsiya.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa, kuma kowane ɗayansu yana zaune a sasanninta na Yankin Kore, amma galibi duk sun fi son wuraren kiwo da shrouds, suna zaune a kan shimfidar wurare, suna laushi a cikin ciyawar ciyawa da daji. Wasu nau'ikan kuma suna dacewa da rayuwa cikin fadama da kuma kan tsaunuka tsakanin tsaunuka, duwatsu da duwatsu. Sau da yawa a cikin Kangaroo ta Ostiraliya ana iya samun su kusa da ƙauyuka kuma a sami kasancewar su a ƙasashen gonaki har ma da gefen biranen.
Yawancin kangaroos an tsara su ta yanayi don motsi a ƙasa, amma akwai keɓewa ga wannan dokar. Waɗannan sune kangaroos na bishiyoyi waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi kuma mafi yawan rayuwarsu a waɗancan wurare a cikin bishiyoyi.
Yawan wadannan dabbobin suna da yawa, kuma babu wani raguwa sananne a ciki. Koyaya, isassun mutane suna mutuwa kowace shekara. Zargi gobara mai dadi. Babban dalili na raguwar adadin kangaroos shima ayyukan mutane ne, kuma hakika farautar waɗannan wakilan masarautar dabbobi.
Kodayake an haramta kisa da cutar da kangaroos a ƙarƙashin dokar Australiya. Koyaya, irin waɗannan ƙa'idodin galibi manoma suna karya su don amfanin kansu. Bugu da kari, mafarauta da masoyan kayan marmari suna harbe wadannan dabbobi saboda naman da basu misaltuwa. Abokan gaba na waɗannan dabbobin sun haɗa da fox, dingoes, manyan tsuntsaye da macizai.
Gina Jiki
Kangaro suna cin abinci sau ɗaya kawai a rana. Wannan na faruwa ne bayan faduwar rana. Zai fi aminci a gare su suyi wannan hanyar. Wannan ya fi dacewa, tunda a wannan lokacin a yankuna masu zafi zafi yana raguwa.
Dangane da abinci mai gina jiki kangaroo – dabba mara lahani kuma ya fi son menu na kayan marmari na ganye. Ya'yan da suka fi girma suna cin ciyawa mai tsananin ƙayoyi. Wadanda a dabi'ance suke da gajerun hanci galibi sun fi son hada da kwararan fitila, tubers da kuma tushen fure iri-iri a cikin abincinsu. Wasu daga cikin kangaroos suna son namomin kaza. Varietiesananan nau'ikan wallaby suna cin 'ya'yan itace, iri, da ganyen ciyawa.
Kangaroo yana cin ganye
Irin wannan abincin ba ya bambanta da adadin kuzari. Koyaya, kangaroos yakan rama wannan rashin amfanin da yawancin ganye da tsire-tsire. Gaskiya dabi'un farauta suna cikin bishiyar kangaroos. Baya ga bawon, suna iya cin kajin da kwai tsuntsaye.
Wadannan wakilai na fauna na Yankin Koren suna sha abin mamaki kadan, suna samun isasshen danshi ga kwayoyin halittarsu tare da raɓa da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Koyaya, a lokacin bushe, buƙatar gaggawa na ruwa har yanzu yana fara tasiri. A irin wannan lokacin mara dadi, manyan kangaroo suna ceton kansu ta hanyar haƙa rijiyoyi. Suna da zurfin gaske, yana faruwa idan suka shiga karkashin kasa zuwa zurfin mita 100 ko sama da haka.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kangaroos suna saduwa yayin damina. A lokacin bushewa, ba za su iya haihuwa ba, tunda maza ba su da ikon samar da ruwan kwaya. Wani fasali na tsarin cikin shine farkon haihuwar sasan, bayan wata ɗaya bayan ɗaukar ciki, kuma saka su a ciki jaka. Kangaroo a wannan ma'anar, tana kama da wakilan da yawa na duniyar dabbobi ta Ostiraliya.
Bayan haihuwa, wani ɗan ƙaramin ɗan ƙarami, wanda girmansa bai wuce kimanin santimita 2 ba, amma duk da haka ya zama mai yiwuwa ne cewa da kansa ya hau cikin aljihun fata, sanye take da tsokoki masu ƙarfi, na kangarhi, inda yake ci gaba da girma da haɓaka, yana cin abinci akan madara daga kan nonon mahaifiya huɗun. A can ya kwashe watanni shida.
Mace kangaroo tare da jaririnta
Gaske, kangaroo – marsupial, amma ba wai wannan kawai siffofi ne na ban mamaki ba. Gaskiyar ita ce, mace daga cikin waɗannan wakilan na fauna tana iya daidaita aikin cikin nata, tare da jinkirta ci gabanta saboda dalilai na alfanu. Dalilin haka na iya zama haihuwar kangaro biyu da ba a so lokaci guda.
Idan dan tayi na farko ya mutu saboda wasu yanayi, ci gaban tayi a jikin uwar kangaroo zai dawo kuma ya kare da bayyanar da sabon zuriya. Ciki mai zuwa na iya faruwa a daidai lokacin da kangaroo ta farko ke zaune a cikin jaka kuma tana ci gaba sosai. A wannan yanayin, lokacin da jariri na biyu ya bayyana, jikin mahaifiya zai fara samar da madara na nau'uka daban-daban domin samun nasarar ciyar da jariran biyu na shekaru daban-daban.
Sifofin matan wadannan halittu masu rai suma suna da kusanci da 'ya'yansu a tsawon rayuwarsu. Yanayi yana taimaka wa uwa kangaroo har ma da tsara yadda za ta haifi cuba cuban da suka dace da jinsi. A lokaci guda, kangaroos mata na bayyana a cikin mata tun suna ƙarami, kuma a cikin wani lokaci na gaba, ana haifar kangaroos namiji.
Kuma da gaske yana da ma'ana. Lokacin da kangarikha ta kai tsufa, tana taimakawa wajen renon 'ya'yan jikokin kangaroo. Da yake magana game da rayuwar wadannan halittu, ya kamata mutum ya fayyace koyaushe: wanne daga cikin jinsunan kangaroo ake nufi, saboda wakilan kowane ɗayansu yana da tsarin ilimin lissafin mutum.
Rikodin da suka daɗe suna manyan kangaroos ja, wanda a wasu lokuta a cikin fursunoni na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 27. Sauran nau'ikan suna rayuwa mafi guntu, musamman a cikin daji. A can, tsawon rayuwarsu ya kai kimanin shekaru 10, ba tare da ambaton gaskiyar cewa ana iya raguwa sosai saboda haɗari da cututtuka.
