Dangane da dabi'un damisa, amma na tsawon lokaci masanan kimiyyar dabbobi sun sanya shi a matsayin damtse. Labari ne game da damisar dusar ƙanƙara. Sunansa na tsakiya irbis. A cikin tsaunuka masu sanyi, shi kaɗai ne wakilin mai farin jini. Idan aka kalli wasu a zahiri daga sama, damisa alama ce ta karfi da daukaka.
Bayani da fasalin damisar dusar ƙanƙara
Waje Damisar Dusar Kankara - damisar squat tare da dogon, farin fur. Tana da tsayi santimita 6, wanda shine rikodin tsakanin felines. Wutsiyar damisar dusar ƙanƙara ta fi tsayi musamman. Sauran fasalolin kyanwa sun haɗa da:
- ikon tsarkakewa da rashin ikon yin kara kamar sauran manyan kuliyoyi
- tsayin jiki daga santimita 200 zuwa 230, la'akari da wutsiyar mita
- nauyi daga kilo 25 zuwa 75, inda iyakar sama ta maza ce, kuma mafi ƙarancin alamomi ga mata
- 60 cm tsayi a bushe
- kananan, kunnuwa masu zagaye ba tare da gogewa a karshen ba
- manyan alamun-launin toka-baƙar fata tare da diamita kusan santimita 7 na nau'in zobe a jiki
- solidananan ɗigon baƙin baƙi a fuska da ƙafafu
- takalmin da aka saka da ulu don kiyaye kyanwa daga sanyi a cikin tsaunukan dusar ƙanƙara
- idanun rawaya-korensu tare da dalibin bakar fata zagaye
- hade da bakaken virissae a fuska tare da fari
- 30 hakora
Masana ilmin namun daji suna kiran damisar dusar ƙanƙani cat, tunda rabin halayen mafarautan an ɗauke su daga ƙananan, ɗayan kuma daga manyan baleen. Characterizedarshen halin yana da sifa a kan kai, ɗalibin da ke zagaye, yana barin na'urar makoshi ta yi ta gurnani.
Damusa ba ta da na biyun, kuma yana cikin yanayin halayyar ƙaramar baleen tare da ɗalibin tsaye.
An kira shi matsakaici, girman damisar dusar ƙanƙara ta kasance kwatankwacin babban kuli. Koyaya, dadadden saber mai haƙori kuma an rarrabe shi da girmansa. Duk da girmansa, na kananan kuliyoyi ne.
Yankunan ƙafafun damisar dusar ƙanƙara suna ba da kyakkyawar jan hankali lokacin da suke kewayawa a cikin yankin dutse
Rayuwa da mazauni
Sunan na biyu na jinsin ya fito ne daga yaren Turkic "irbiz". Fassara - "kifin kankara". Babban sunan kuma yana dauke da sifar "dusar ƙanƙara". Halin yana nuna mazaunin damisar dusar ƙanƙara. Yana zabar:
- Hawan tsaunuka, yana hawa sama da matakin teku a mita dubu 2-6.
- Coniferous gandun daji a matsakaiciyar tsayi da kauri na shrubs, misali, rhododendron ƙarƙashin "rufin duniya".
- Wani lokaci dusar ƙanƙara tana rayuwa a filayen hamada na tsaunuka.
Wuraren da suka dace da damisar dusar kankara suna cikin Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Tibet, Kyrgyzstan, India. An samo dabba dusar damisa kuma a Afghanistan, Pakistan. A Rasha, ana samun dabbar a tsaunukan Krasnoyarsk da Altai Territories, Tyva.
Abubuwan salon rayuwar damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara sune:
- Yankin ƙasa. Akwai kilomita da dama da yawa ga kowane namiji. Kadarorin sun fi shi tsawo. Namiji yana barin mata 3-4 su shiga yankinsa, amma ya sadu da su ne kawai don saduwa.
- Stealth. Daga cikin kuliyoyi, irbis shine mafi tsoro, daidai, kamar lynx yana ji kuma yana jin ƙamshin mutum tsawon dubun kilomita.
- Hanyar hanya. Damisa tana da tabbataccen tsari na ƙetare dukiyoyi. Dabbar ba ta canza hanya ba. Wannan mafarauta suna amfani dashi, suna gano hanyoyin mai farauta.
- Salon dare. Da rana, damisa na hutawa a kogon, ko tsakanin rassan. Kyanwa ta tsara "gidan" a cikin dutsen da ke da dutse. Damisa tana motsawa sau ɗaya duk bayan shekaru 3-5.
Motsawa a cikin tsaunuka, damisar dusar ƙanƙara an tilasta shi tsalle tsakanin duwatsu, yi tsalle a kan koguna. A cikin "gudu" dabbar tana jan wutsiyarsa mai haske.
Wutsiyar Damisa na taimakawa wajen daidaita daidaito
Nau'in damisar dusar ƙanƙara
Rahoton 2017 na ƙungiyar masu bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa yayi magana akan ƙananan raƙuman damisa 3. Kwayar halittar dabbobi ce ta gano su. An yi nazarin faɗin kuliyoyi. An tattara abubuwa masu rai a sassan duniya daban-daban. Misali a kasar Sin, an tattara najasar damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara a larduna 21.
Halittar da aka bawa masana kimiyya damar gudanarwa:
- polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR), da nufin maimaita gajeren gutsuren monomeric (da farko mun nemi 7, sa'annan mun faɗaɗa ikon zuwa microsatellites na 33)
- jerin sassan DNA
Bincike na biyu ya zama ɗan ƙaramin bayani. PCR, duk da haka, ya raba damisoshin zuwa rukuni-rukuni. Sun banbanta ba kawai ga kwayar halitta ba, har ma a jikinsu da launinsu. An bayyana:
- Babban yanki. Matsakaici a cikin girma tare da alamun gawayi.
- Damisa ta Kudu Mafi girma da duhu.
- Damisar Arewa Karami fiye da wasu. Alamun a jikin dabbar launin toka ne.
Anatomically, kuliyoyi na iya bambanta, misali, kai. Damisar Dusar kankara ta Rasha, alal misali, yana faruwa da kyau ko, akasin haka, babban kwanyar. Wannan karshen ya saba da damisar dusar kankara ta Yankin Altai.
Abincin damisar damisa
Damisar dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hoton galibi yakan gabatar da ganima girman girman kuli ko girma. Wannan shine keɓaɓɓen damisar dusar ƙanƙara - ya fi son abokan hamayya. Menu masu farauta sun hada da:
- argali, dabbobin daji, barewa, barewa, awakin dutse da sauran dabbobi
- dabbobi a cikin yanayin yunwa, idan ana tilasta damisa su fita zuwa ƙauyuka
- zomo, beraye da tsuntsaye a matsayin abun ciye-ciye
Farautar ganima irbis (damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara) yayi tsayin mita shida. Wannan bi ne idan ya zama dole. Mai farauta mai farauta Sabili da haka, wani lokacin motsa kaifi ɗaya ga wanda aka azabtar ya isa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Game da damisar dusar ƙanƙara kadan ba a "ji", amma a ƙarshen hunturu dabbobin suna da ƙarfi. Lokacin kiwo ya fara. Mata na shirya wuraren haihuwa. Suna ɗaukar zuriya a cikin mahaifar har tsawon kwanaki 110. Bayan haka an haifi kittens 2-5. Sune:
- 30 cm tsayi
- auna kusan rabin kilogiram
- makafi
- m har wata daya da haihuwa
Lokacin da kyanwa suka cika wata daya da rabi, uwar zata fara ciyar da zuriyarta da nama. A cikin layi daya, jarirai sabbin haihuwa suna ci gaba da shan ruwan nono, suna yaye daga ciki har zuwa watanni 6.
Uba ba shi da hannu wajen kiwon zuriya. Ana ba da ƙwarewar rayuwa ga kuruciya ta uwa ta uwa, suna zaune tare da zuriyar kusan shekaru 2. Dangane da haka, damisa mata suna da kyanwa sau ɗaya a kowane watanni 24.
Kusoshin Damisa mai Damuwa
Leungiyar Damisar Damisa
Damisar dusar ƙanƙara a cikin Littafin Ja... An haɗa nau'in a cikin bugu na duniya. Babu wani wuri a duniyar duniyar da yawan damisar dusar ƙanƙara yake da yawa.
An hana farautar damisar dusar kankara a ko’ina, domin kuwa ya zama babban abin da ke haifar da kuliyoyin kuliyoyin. An harbe su ne saboda darajar fur. Ya kasance mai tasowa a cikin yanayin duniya na ƙarni na 19 da 20. A cikin karni na 21, ana ba da fatun damisar dusar ƙanƙara zuwa kasuwa ta masu farauta. Ana samun samfurin su a kasuwanni:
- Mongoliya.
- China.
- Thailand.
Baya ga mafarauta, damisa ta "gurgunta":
- raguwar wadataccen abinci, ma'ana, adadin ungulate
- damun dabbobi saboda ci gaban ƙasashensu da mutane
- bunkasa yawon shakatawa
Nawa damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara ta rage? Ga duk duniya - kusan mutane dubu 3. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa "an sanya damisar dusar ƙanƙara" a kan jan shafi na littafin Ja. Wannan shine yadda jinsunan suke gab da bacewa. Baƙon shafuka suna ba da labarin abubuwan da suka ɓace. Dabbobi, waɗanda yawansu ke raguwa, amma ba su da mahimmanci ba, an yi musu alama a rawaya.
Damisar dusar ƙanƙara 150 kawai ke zaune a Rasha. Ga dukkan Yankin Krasnoyarsk, misali, mutane 20 ne kawai aka kidaya. Suna zaune ne a cikin yankin Sayano-Shushensky da kuma Ergaki.
