Kyakkyawa, mai shayarwa na gidan weasel sable... Shi ne girman kai na ƙasar Rasha. Tun zamanin da har zuwa yau, masu iya sanin kyawawan abubuwa suna tare da shi. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan abubuwanda masana'antar fur ta Rasha.
Kafin juyin juya halin Oktoba, kusan an hallaka dabbar. Amma bayan haka, masanan ilimin kimiya na kasar Rasha sun yi iya kokarinsu ba wai kawai sun adana ba, amma kuma sun karu, kuma sun daidaita sable a duk fadin kasar daga Urals zuwa Tekun Pacific. Dubun dubban wannan dabba mai tamani yanzu suna zaune cikin Siga ta Siberia.
A zamanin da, ana ɗaukar kasuwancin farauta kasuwanci mafi riba. Mutane sun tafi, sun je taiga, sun hallaka wannan dabba mai shayarwa kuma sun fitar da gashinta mai tamani zuwa ƙasashen Turai da Amurka, inda suka siyar dashi don tsada mai yawa.
Sable ya daidaita kuma yayi daidai da darajar zinare. Masana ilimin kimiyar halittu na Rasha sun sami nasarar ƙirƙirar wuraren nursaries don sable. Freedomaunar 'yanci dabbar daji na dogon lokaci ba zai iya samun tushe a cikin bauta ba, amma a karshe masanan sun yi nasara.
An kashe kudade da yawa na karfi da kuzari kafin wadannan dabbobin suka fara ba da 'ya'ya a cikin fursuna. Sakamakon dogon ƙoƙari, duk iri ɗaya, makaho kuma bai yi kama da manya manyan mutane ba sun fara bayyana.
Fasali da mazaunin sable
Idan ka duba hoto na dabbar daji zaka iya yanke hukunci ba daidai ba cewa shi kyakkyawa ne, mai rauni kuma mara kariya. Har zuwa wannan, dabba ce mai daɗi da taushi. A zahiri, sable yana da ƙarfi, sauri da sauri.
Tsawon namiji gabaɗaya ya fara daga 38 zuwa 56 cm. Yana tare da jela wanda yawanci yakan kai 9 zuwa 17 cm Matsakaicin nauyin dabbar ya kai 2 kg. Tsawon da nauyin mace kadan ne. Legsafafun maza da na mata suna da fadi da yawa. Wool yana tsiro a kan tafin kafa, wanda shine abin da yake bambanta su da sauran dabbobi.
A lokacin hunturu, sable yana zama mai laushi da kyau sosai. Kusa da rani, yanayin fur ɗin ya ɗan canza, dabbar ta zama mai laushi da gashin ruwa. Launi na sable launin ruwan kasa ne, daga haske zuwa duhu.
A yankunan da ke kusa da Baikal, Yakutia da Kamchatka, galibi rayuwar sable tare da baƙar fata. Wannan shine nau'in mafi tsada. Dabbar tana da tabo mai haske a wuyansa wanda yayi kama da taye. A lokacin rani, wannan fitowar ta zama sananne da kyar.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, sable yana rayuwa a cikin yankuna na Gabas ta Tsakiya, Siberia da Eurasia. Koriya, Mongolia, arewa maso gabashin China da arewacin Japan sune wuraren da zaku iya samun wannan dabba mai daraja.
Coniferous da taiga thickets sune mazaunin da aka fi so don sable. Ya kasance cikin wannan yanayin kuma bai taɓa wuce shi ba. Damp, gandun dazuzzuka masu duhu, tare da spruce, fir da itacen al'ul da ke girma a cikinsu, sune wuraren da aka fi so da sable.
Wuraren da suke da wuya ga bare ya shiga, tare da yawan gansakuka, rassa da duwatsu, suna jan hankalin wannan kyakkyawan mutumin. Wataƙila, a wannan yanayin, ilhamin sa na kiyaye kai ya haifar, kuma yana son kare kansa daga duk abokan gaban sa.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar sable
Babban fasalin sable shine ingantaccen ƙamshin sa da jin sa. Idanun ido ma yana da kyau, amma ba kamar yadda ya inganta kamar ƙanshi da ji ba. Wannan ba zai cutar da farautar dabbar ba, saboda galibi suna farauta da dare.
Kuna hukunta ta Sable bayanin, sananne ne, jarumi kuma mai saurin farauta. Zai iya yin tafiyar kilomita da yawa a kowace rana, yana son hawa bishiyoyi da farin ciki, amma duk da haka, ba kamar marten kama da kansa ba, ya fi son yin tafiya a ƙasa maimakon ya motsa a cikin bishiyoyi.
Sables basa son canza wurare. Waɗannan dabbobi ne da ke zaune. Yanayin tilastawa kawai ke tilasta musu yin hakan, misali, gobara ko rashin cikakken abinci.
Dabbobi suna yin sautuna masu ban sha'awa da daban a yanayi daban-daban. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan motsi ne mai taushi, a lokacin haɗari, fashewa, kuma yayin wasannin mating, sautunan suna kama da meow cat mai taushi.
Abinci
A cikin gandun daji, sable yana jin kamar kifi a cikin ruwa. Babu wanda ya isa ya yi barci. Wannan dabba ce ta kowa da kowa kuma ba mai raɗaɗi ba. Musamman yana son cin abinci akan beraye, beraye, shrews, moles da chipmunks.
Lokaci zuwa lokaci a kan duwatsu, zai iya samun kuma ya ci pikas, wani lokacin kuma ana samun 'yan fako. Harsuna na iya lahanta ta babban mazaunin maza. Hakanan, waɗannan dabbobi suna son tsuntsaye da ƙwai.
Ana kai musu hari ta galibi ta hanyar kayan cinikin itace, ɓoyayyen gado da ƙananan gwarare. Kodayake wannan sha'awar ba ta tasowa haka sau da yawa. Hankali na hanci yana taimakawa mai salo ya sami mai bacci wanda yake cikin sauƙin rami a danshi.
A wannan lokacin, ana iya watsa yaduwar dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da fuka-fukan fuka-fuken capercaillie, amma juriya kwata-kwata bashi da amfani, damar rayuwa ta ƙarancin tsuntsaye kusan ba komai bane.
Sable baya ƙin abincin shuka. Yana jin daɗin fruitsa fruitsan itace da na nutsainean goro da annashuwa. A lokacin hunturu, ya sami 'ya'yan itacen da suka faɗi a lokacin kaka a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara kuma ya ci su da farin ciki. Sable yana ciyarwa a wani lokaci mara ƙayyadewa, amma yawancin abincinsa safe da yamma ne.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin bazara ya fi dacewa da lokacin saduwa na sable. Yaƙe-yaƙe don shugabanci da kuma ni'imar wannan ko waccan mata abin birgewa ne ga waɗannan dabbobi.
Mace tana ɗauke da ɗan maraƙi daga 245 zuwa 295 kwanakin. Kafin haihuwar jarirai, kuma wannan yana faruwa galibi a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu, mace tana tsunduma cikin shirya rami a cikin akwati.
Tana shimfidar shimfidar rami, ta rufe shi da ganye, gansakuka da busasshiyar ciyawa. Ciki ya kare da haihuwar kyawawan yara biyu. Yana da wuya a ce su bakwai ne.
An sandararre a cikin hoto
Maza suna kula da yara da mata sosai kuma suna kasancewa tare da su ko da bayan haihuwa. Ayyukansu sun haɗa da kare farfajiyar daga yiwuwar abokan gaba, da samun abinci ga yara da mahaifiyarsu.
Yara na shayar da nonon uwa har na tsawon watanni biyu. Sababbin da suka kai shekara biyu a shirye suke don haihuwa. Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a cikin yanayinsu na yau da kullun na kimanin shekaru 18.
A gida sable yana da shekaru 22. Sable kamar dabbar gida ba ya faruwa sau da yawa. Wannan aiki ne mai sauki da tsada. Amma fa'ida daga gare ta ba dadi.
Farashin dabba jeri daga $ 80 zuwa $ 90 kowace fata. Sayi dabbar da aka tanada yana yiwuwa duka a cikin gandun daji da kuma keɓaɓɓen mutum. Idan muka tunkari wannan lamarin sosai, zai kasance kasuwanci mai nasara kuma ingantacce, kuma mafi mahimmanci kawo ƙididdigar kuɗi, wanda yake da mahimmanci a zamaninmu.
