Fasali da mazauninsu
Kusan kowa ya san kowa tsutsa. Amma mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa akwai masu sane a duniya wadanda suke kamanceceniya da tsutsotsi, har masana kimiyya sun basu irin wannan suna - tsutsotsi (ana kuma kiran su cecilia).
Idan muka yi la’akari da tsutsa da tsutsa a cikin hoto, to babu wuya akwai bambance-bambance. Bayyanar dukkan wadannan halittun suna da kamanceceniya, jiki kuma ya kasu kashi-kashi. Koyaya, akwai manyan bambance-bambance. Girman cecilia ya fi girman tsutsa girma, tsutsotsi sun kai 45 cm tsayi.
Kuma idan kun hadu Thompson tsutsa, wanda yake da tsawon jiki na mita 1.2, to babu wanda zai ruɗe shi da tsutsa. Af, Thompson tsutsa ko gigantic tsutsa, ana ɗaukarsa mafi girma a duniya a duniya.
A cikin hoton, tsutsa mai tsutsa
Wani babban banbanci tsakanin tsutsotsi da tsutsotsi shine babban baki da hakora masu kaifi. Tsutsotsi suna da layuka hakora biyu a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Kuma gabaɗaya, dabi'a tayi aiki akan wannan halittar fiye da ɗaukakata - cecilia tana da kwarangwal, wanda ya haɗa da ƙashin ƙugu, ƙashin ƙugu, haƙarƙari, kwanyar kai, amma sacrum baya nan. Underarkashin fata na wannan wakilin fauna, akwai ƙananan sikeli masu zagaye.
Kuma fatar kanta tana rufe da gland wanda ke fitar da lakar. Idanun sun kusan raguwa. Tsutsa yana ramawa saboda raunin su tare da ƙanshin ƙanshi da ma'anar taɓawa. Ana iya kiran tsutsa mafi kyawun amphibian a tsakanin itsan uwanta - yan kabilu - abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin kwakwalwa ya tabbatar da cewa cigaban wannan dabba ya fi waɗanda suka haifa yawa.
Amma waɗannan amphibians ba su da gaɓoɓi. Yana iya zama alama cewa wannan halittar ta ƙunshi kai da wutsiya, a zahiri, jela tsutsa ba ya yi, kawai tana da tsayi da kunkuntar jiki. Launin wannan jikin ba shi da rubutu sosai. Wadannan mutane na iya zama masu launi daga launin ruwan toka-zuwa launin baƙi.
Amma kuma akwai "mods" na musamman waɗanda suke da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi (misali, shuɗin tsutsa mai kama da Kamaru Victoria Caecilian), da zurfin rawaya. Iyalin waɗannan amphibians suna da girma sosai, an san nau'ikan sama da 90. Kuma duk sun zauna a Afirka, Asiya da Kudancin Amurka, kuma ana samun su a Amurka ta Tsakiya. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a Ostiraliya, inda dabbobi iri-iri suke jin daɗi, babu tsutsotsi.
A cikin hoton akwai tsutsa mai launin rawaya
Hali da salon rayuwa
Hanyar rayuwar wannan amphibian tana karkashin kasa. Duk jikinta ya dace da wannan - ba ta da idanu, kaɗai ke da rauni, akwai kuma matsaloli game da ji - talaka ba shi da kunnen, ko kunne ma da kansa yake buɗewa, saboda haka kurman.
Kuma menene kuma za a kira shi, idan ta kama wannan ƙirƙirar sauti waɗanda ke da mita 1500 na hertz. Amma da alama cewa tsutsa kanta ba ta da damuwa sosai. Kuma a zahiri - wa ya kamata ta saurara a can ƙarƙashin ƙasa? Ba ta buƙatar ta saurara kuma ta yi hankali da maƙiyi, ko da ƙuraje ba sa cin ta, maƙoshi mai dafi yana ɓoye a fatarta.
Tsutsa tana da mahimmin sana'a - tana haƙo wata hanya ta ƙasa, tana neman abinci wa kanta. Amma mai hakar ma'adinan daga wannan halittaccen mai sana'a ne kai tsaye. Headan ƙaramin kai yana hura wuta kamar tafki, kuma jikin siririya, an rufe shi da laka, yana ci gaba ba tare da wahala ba.
Hoton ringin tsutsa
Abinci
Anan zaku tuna game da kamanceceniya da tsutsotsi. Idan har yanzu ana iya tunanin mai farautar tsutsotsi mai wadataccen tunani, to abin farautarta, wanda da son rai zai jira har tsutsa ta same shi kuma ta fara jinkirta shi da bakinsa mara haƙori, ba shi yiwuwa a yi tunaninsa. Sabili da haka, kwarjin duniya yana cin abincin tarkace ne kawai. Tsutsa wani abu ne daban.
Abincin wannan amphibian ba talauci bane kuma yana nesa da tushen shuka, kuma wannan halittar tana tafiya kamar yadda take a hankali. A halin yanzu, kananan macizai daban-daban, mollusks, "'yan uwan" tsutsotsi, da wasu ringing tsutsotsi fi son tururuwa da tururuwa. Wato duk wani abu karami da mai rai wanda yake kan haƙori.
Af, samun hakori ba zai zama da sauki ba idan yanayi bai baiwa tsutsar ciki da guba ba, wanda yake cikin gland. Wannan gubar kawai take ceton wannan amphibian daga duka harin makiya da yunwa. Wannan guba ta shanye ƙananan dabbobi, kuma ba za su iya kare kansu daga jinkirin tsutsa ba. Abin da kawai ya rage shi ne kame ganima da bakinta, ka riƙe ta da haƙoranta ka haɗiye ta.
A cikin hoton, tsutsa mai cike da farin ciki
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Hayayyakin waɗannan amphibians har yanzu masana kimiyya ba su yi cikakken nazarin su ba, amma tabbas ya tabbata cewa tsutsotsi suna da cikakkiyar saduwa, wanda ya ɗauki kimanin awanni uku. A cikin mutanen da ke cikin ruwa akwai ma masu shayarwa na musamman waɗanda ke ba wa “masoya” damar kasancewa na tsawon lokaci yayin aikin, domin a cikin ruwa ba tare da masu shayarwa ba zai yi wuya kwari-kwari su kasance kusa da juna har tsawon sa’o’i uku.
Gabaɗaya, zuriya babban al'amari ne ga waɗannan halittu. Don haka, alal misali, tsutsotsi, waɗanda ake samu a Guatemala, suna ɗaukar ƙwai (kuma akwai daga 15 zuwa 35) na kimanin shekara guda. Amma sa'annan an haifi 'ya'yan ƙwarai da gaske, masu saurin ma'ana da motsi.
Kuma hakan yana faruwa kamar haka: qwai suna tasowa a cikin oviduct na mace, amma lokacin da samar da gwaiduwa a cikin kwan ya kare, tsutsa suna fita daga cikin kwayar kwan, amma ba su cikin hanzarin haihuwa, har yanzu suna cikin jijiyar mace na wani lokaci mai tsawo.
Kuma yara suna ciyarwa kai tsaye akan uwar kanta, ma'ana, a bangon ƙofarta. Saboda wannan, ƙananan sun riga sun kasance da hakora. Af, mahaifiyarsu kuma tana ba su iskar oxygen. Kuma idan lokacin ya yi, tsutsa ta riga ta bar mahaifar uwa a matsayin cikakkun mutane. Kuma har zuwa lokacin da suka cika shekaru biyu, su da kansu zasu iya haifar da zuriya.
A cikin hoton akwai gida na tsutsotsi tare da san ƙubiyoyi
Kuma wasu nau'ikan tsutsotsi na ciyar da jariran da suka haifa da fatarsu. Jarirai suna manne wa mahaifiyarsu kuma suna kankare mata fatar da haƙoransu, wanda shine abincinsu. Dangane da wannan, irin waɗannan ma'aikatan jinya (alal misali, tsutsa ta Microcaecilia dermatophaga), a lokacin da jariran suka bayyana, ana lulluɓe su da wani fatar fata, wacce ake bayarwa da kitse mai yawa.
Wannan dabba mai ban mamaki ba ta lalacewa da hankalin masana kimiyya. Wataƙila wannan saboda wahalar bincikensa ne, amma tambayoyi da yawa game da tsutsotsi ba a san su ba. Don haka, alal misali, har yanzu babu cikakken bayani game da tsawon rayuwar tsutsotsi a cikin yanayin yanayi.
