Fasali da mazauninsu
Meerkat (daga Latin Suricata suricatta) ko myrkat mai siraran ƙanana shine mai shayarwa mai tsaka-tsakin daga umarnin masu cutar dangin mongoose.
Ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta dabba a cikin dukkanin dangin mongoose, wanda ke da nau'ikan 35. Tsayin jikinsu da wuya ya kai santimita 35, tare da nauyinsa har zuwa gram 750. Wutsiya ja ce mai launi tare da bakin baƙi, mai tsayi sosai don irin yanayin jikin - har zuwa 20-25 cm.
Kan yana karami tare da kunnuwa masu zagaye suna kaɗawa a kan rawanin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wani lokacin ma har da baƙar fata. Hakanan kwandunan ido suna da duhu dangane da sauran jikin, kama da tabarau, wanda yake sanyawa meerkat mai ban dariya.
Launin dogon gashi mai taushi akan gawar wannan mai farautar yana da launin ja-toka, wani lokacin yana kusa da lemu. Yana da kananan gaɓoɓi huɗu, ƙafafun gaba tare da ƙusoshin hantsu. Kamar kowane irin mongose, meerkats na iya ɓoye ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ƙanshi daga gland.
Masana kimiyya sun kasafta wadannan dabbobin gida biyu:
- Suricata suricatta suricatta
- Suricata suricatta marjoriae
- Suricata suricatta iona
Wurin zama dabbobin meerkats rarraba kan nahiyar Afirka kudu da masarautar. Suna zaune a cikin yanayi mai zafi da bushewa a cikin hamada da yankunan da ke kusa da su.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Meerkats dabbobi ne na dare, da dare suna ɓuya a cikin rami mai zurfi da aka tono. Burrow, galibi, sukan tono kansu, kuma zurfin burrow koyaushe yana aƙalla aƙalla mita ɗaya da rabi. Kadan sau da yawa suna ɗaukar waɗanda ke akwai, suna ba su kayan aiki don kansu.
A cikin dutse mai duwatsu ko ƙasa mai duwatsu, suna zaune a cikin ramuka da kogo. Waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna yin yini ɗaya don neman abinci, suna tona sababbi ko kuma shirya tsofaffin ramuka, ko kuma kawai suna birgima a cikin rana, wanda suke son yi.
Meerkats dabbobi ne na zamantakewa, koyaushe suna ɓacewa a cikin yankuna, matsakaita yawan su shine mutane 25-30, akwai kuma manyan ƙungiyoyi, waɗanda a cikinsu akwai masu shayarwa 60.
Gabaɗaya, a ɗabi'a, ba safai masu farauta ke tafiyar da rayuwar mulkin mallaka ba, wataƙila, banda 'yan gishiri, don haka kawai zakuna tare da ƙungiyoyi cikin nau'in alfahari zasu iya yin alfahari da hanyar rayuwa. A cikin mulkin mallaka na meerkats, akwai shugaba koyaushe, kuma, da isasshen sha'awa, wannan shugaban koyaushe mace ce, saboda haka sarauta ta mamaye cikin waɗannan dabbobin.
Wadannan mafarautan sukan yi farauta a cikin rukuni kuma a lokaci guda a bayyane suke rarraba nauyin kowannensu. Wasu membobin kungiyar sun tsaya a ƙafafunsu na baya don neman abin farauta, ya kamata a san cewa meerkats na iya kasancewa a tsaye a tsare na dogon lokaci, yayin da wasu ke riskar farautar, wanda na farkon ke nunawa ta irin kukan murya.
Duk da cewa gandun daji na masu farauta, suna rayuwa kuma suna farauta a cikin manyan dangi
Suna da jiki mai tsayi, a cikin yanayin tsaro, waɗannan dabbobin suna da ban dariya suna tsaye a kan ƙafafunsu na baya, da na gaba, suna faɗuwa. Yawancin masu daukar hoto suna ƙoƙari su ɗauki wannan hoto mai ban dariya don samun kyakkyawar harbi.
Kari kan hakan, dabbobin daji suna da dabbobi masu matukar kulawa, ba sa kula da zuriyarsu kawai, har ma da dangin wasu dangin da ke zaune tare da su a cikin mulkin mallaka. A lokutan sanyi, zaku iya ganin ƙungiyar meerkats, waɗanda suka haɗu domin su dumama juna da jikunansu, ana iya ganin wannan cikin sauƙin hoto na meerkats.
Iyalin meerkats galibi suna da rago da yawa kuma galibi suna canzawa yayin da haɗari ya gabato ko kuma lokacin da wani dangi ya zauna kusa. Wasu lokuta tsofaffin burukan an watsar da su saboda gaskiyar cewa kwayoyin cuta masu yaduwa suna yawaita a cikin su tsawon lokaci.
Kayan naman alade, kamar kowane irin mongose, sun shahara ga mafarautan macizai, gami da masu dafi. Anyi kuskuren yarda cewa wadannan dabbobin suna da kariya daga dafin maciji. Idan maciji, misali maciji, ya sari cizon meerkat, to, zai mutu, kawai dai laɓar dabbar ce ta yadda da ƙyar dabbobi masu rarrafe ke sarrafa wannan.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shahararrun' yan cin abincin nan ya zama kamar a shekarar 2012 gidan sinima na Australiya ya fitar da shirin fim sau shida game da meerkats ake kira "Meerkats". Babban Rayuwa na Littleananan uresan Halitta "(sunan asali" Kalahari Meerkats ").
A wasu ƙasashe, masu yin fim da masana kimiyya suma suna tare da Australiya, sabili da haka an yi bidiyo da yawa a duniya tare da sa hannun dabbobi.
Abincin Meerkat
Abincin na meerkats ba shi da wadatar gaske, saboda ƙananan wakilai na fauna suna rayuwa a cikin mazauninsu. Sun fi cin kwari iri-iri, tsutsa, kwayayen tsuntsaye, gizo-gizo, kunama, kadangaru da macizai.
Bayan sun shiga cikin yaƙi tare da kunama, da farko meerkat ya fara cizon jelarsa, wanda ke dauke da guba, sannan ya kashe kunamar da kanta, don haka ya kare kansa daga guba.
Wadannan maharan suna neman abinci a kusa da kabarinsu, ma'ana, da'irar binciken abinci da wuya ya wuce radius na kilomita biyu ko uku. La'akari da mazaunin meerkats a cikin yanayi mara kyau, ba sa shan wahala kwata-kwata daga rashin ruwa, suna da isasshenta a cikin abincin dabbobi, wanda ake amfani da shi don abinci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Shirye-shiryen hadi a cikin kifin na mata an samu ta shekara ta rayuwa. Ba su da takamaiman lokacin ɗaukar ciki, waɗannan dabbobin suna haihuwar duk shekara. Mace na iya haihuwa har zuwa uku zuwa hudu a shekara.
Ciki a cikin mace yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni biyu, bayan haka ƙananan dabbobi makafi suna bayyana a cikin kabarin. Inyananan yara jarirai suna da nauyin gram 25-40 ne kawai. Yawan yara a cikin zuriyar dabbobi yawanci 4-5 ne, sau da yawa ana haihuwar mutane 7.
Makonni biyu da haihuwa, jarirai sun fara buɗe idanunsu kuma sannu a hankali sun saba da rayuwa da kansu. A watannin farko na rayuwarsu, ana basu madara sannan kuma bayan haka ne zasu fara kokarin ciyar da kananan kwari, wadanda iyayensu ko kuma wasu manya na dangin su ('yan'uwansu maza) suka fara kawo musu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Shugaba mace daya ce tak zata iya kawo zuriya a cikin iyali, idan wasu mata suka yi ciki kuma suka kawo kuruciya, to babbar mace ce za ta fitar da su daga dangin ta don haka dole su gina nasu.
A cikin wuraren zama na yau da kullun, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru biyar. Manyan mafarauta suna da tasiri sosai a kan yawan guguwa, musamman tsuntsaye, wanda wannan ƙaramar dabbar tana da ɗanɗano. A gidajen zoo da gida meerkats rayuwa mafi tsawo - har zuwa shekaru 10-12.
Ofaya daga cikin imanin mutanen Afirka ya ce cuwa-cuwa na kare yawan mutane da dabbobin daga wasu shaitanun aljannu, kerkutoci, don haka mazauna yankin suna farin cikin samun dabbobin na dabbobin.
Kodayake waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cikin masu farauta, amma cikin sauri da sauƙi sukan saba da mutane da yanayin abincin gida da rayuwa. Bugu da kari, wadannan dabbobin suna kawo fa'idodi na gaske ga mutane, suna share yankin gidansa da filaye don namowa daga kunama mai guba da macizai.
Saboda haka, ba abu bane mai wahala a sayi meerkat a Afirka; duk mai siyar da dabbobi zai iya ba da dozin daga cikinsu don zaɓar daga. Wannan galibi masu yin gidan zoo ne ke yin wannan, gami da cikin ƙasarmu. Bayan duk farashin meerkat ba shi da kima saboda gaskiyar cewa ba su da jawo mai daraja kuma mutum ba ya cin su.
