Dawakai, ko, kamar yadda ake kiransu, dawakai, suna daga jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa, dangin canine. Abin mamaki, akwai nau'ikan 23 na wannan dangin. Kodayake a waje duk Foxu suna kama da juna, amma duk da haka suna da fasali da bambance-bambance da yawa.
Janar halaye na dawakai
Dabbar dabba ce mai farauta tare da dusa, da karami, da kasa, da manyan kunnuwa da doguwar wutsiya mai dogon gashi. Kiraren dabba ne mai ban sha'awa sosai, yana da tushe sosai a kowane yanayi na halitta, yana jin daɗi a duk nahiyoyin duniya.
Yana haifar da yawancin dare. Don tsari da kiwo, yana amfani da ramuka ko ɓarna a cikin ƙasa, raƙuman ruwa tsakanin duwatsu. Abinci ya dogara da mazaunin, ƙananan rodents, tsuntsaye, ƙwai, kifi, kwari iri-iri, 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa ana cin su.
Ware rassa na Foxes
Masana kimiyya sun rarrabe tsakanin rassa uku na karnuka:
- Urucyon, ko foxs masu launin toka;
- Vulpes, ko fox gama gari;
- Dusicyon, ko Kudancin Amurkawa.
Fox nau'in Vulpes reshe
Reshe na karnukan gama gari suna da shekaru miliyan 4.5, ya haɗa da yawancin jinsuna - 12, ana iya samun su a duk nahiyoyin duniya. Siffar halayyar dukkan wakilan wannan reshe suna da kaifi, kunnuwa masu kusurwa uku, kunkuntar bakin bakin ciki, madaidaiciyar kai, doguwa mai laushi Akwai ƙaramin alamar duhu a kan gadar hanci, ƙarshen wutsiya ya bambanta da tsarin launi na gaba ɗaya.
Vungiyar Vulpes ta haɗa da nau'ikan masu zuwa:
Red fox (Vulpes ɓarna)
Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan, a zamaninmu akwai sama da kabilu 47 daban-daban. Fatawar gama gari ta yadu a duk nahiyoyi; an kawo ta zuwa Ostiraliya daga Turai, inda ta sami tushe ta saba da ita.
Sashin sama na jikin wannan fox ɗin ruwan lemu ne mai haske, tsatsa, azurfa ko launin toka, ƙananan ɓangaren jiki fari ne tare da ƙananan alamu masu duhu a kan abin ɗamarar da ƙafafun, goshin jelar fari ne. Jikin yana da tsayin 70-80 cm, wutsiya ta kasance 60-85 cm, kuma nauyin ya kai 8-10 kg.
Bengal ko Fox na Indiya (Vulpes bengalensis)
Dawakai na wannan rukunin suna da girman Pakistan, Indiya, Nepal. An zaɓi steppes, dajin hamada da dazuzzuka don rayuwa. Gashi gajere ne, mai launi-ja-yashi, kafafu ja-kasa-kasa, ƙarshen jelar baƙar fata ne. A tsawon sun kai 55-60 cm, wutsiya ba ta da ƙananan - kawai 25-30 cm, nauyi - 2-3 kg.
Kudancin Afirka ta Kudu (Vulpes chama)
Yana zaune a nahiyar Afirka a cikin Zimbabwe da Angola, a cikin tuddai da hamada. Ana rarrabe shi da launi mai launin ja-launin ruwan sama na rabin rabin jikin tare da sillar-mai launin toka mai launin toka tare da kashin baya, ciki da ƙafafuwan fari ne, wutsiyar ta ƙare da baƙon baƙin fata, babu murfin duhu a kan bakin fuska. Tsawon - 40-50 cm, wutsiya - 30-40 cm, nauyi - 3-4.5 kg.
Korsak
Mazaunan kudu maso gabashin Rasha, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Manchuria. Tsawon jikin ya kai 60 cm, nauyin ya kai kilogiram 2-4, wutsiya har zuwa 35 cm Launi launin ja ne mai yashi-sama da fari ko haske-yashi a ƙasa, ya bambanta da fox gama gari a cikin manyan kumatun goshi.
Tibet na Tibet
Yana zaune a duwatsu, a cikin mashigar Nepal da Tibet. Fasalin fasalin sa babban abin wuya ne mai kauri na kauri da gajere ulu, bakin bakin ya fi fadi kuma ya fi murabba'i. Gashi mai launin toka mai haske ne a tarnaƙi, ja a bayanta, jela tare da farin goga. A tsawon ya kai 60-70 cm, nauyi - har zuwa 5.5 kg, wutsiya - 30-32 cm.
Foasar Afirka (Vulpes pallida)
Yana zaune a cikin hamadar arewacin Afirka. Kafafun wannan fox din siriri ne kuma dogaye, saboda shi, an daidaita shi daidai don tafiya akan yashi. Jiki sirara ne, 40-45 cm, an rufe shi da gajeriyar jan gashi, kai karami ne mai manyan kunnuwa. Wutsiyoyi - har zuwa 30 cm tare da baƙar fata, ba shi da alamar duhu a kan bakin fuska.
Sand fox (Vulpes rueppellii)
Ana iya samun wannan kwatancen a Morocco, Somalia, Egypt, Afghanistan, Kamaru, Nigeria, Chadi, Congo, Sudan. Zaɓi hamada a matsayin wuraren zama. Launin ulu ya zama mai haske - ja ja-ja, yashi mai haske, alamomin duhu kewaye da idanun a cikin sigar tazara. Yana da dogayen kafafu da manyan kunnuwa, godiya gareshi yake tsara ayyukan musayar zafi a jiki. A tsawon ya kai 45-53 cm, nauyi - har zuwa 2 kg, wutsiya - 30-35 cm.
Amurka Corsac (Vulpes velox)
Wani mazaunin filaye da tuddai na kudancin ɓangaren Arewacin Amurka. Launi na gashi yana da wadata iri-iri: yana da launi ja-ja, ƙafafu sun fi duhu, jelar tana 25-30 cm, mai laushi sosai da bakin baki. A tsawon ya kai 40-50 cm, nauyi - 2-3 kg.
Fox na Afghanistan (Vulpes cana)
Yana zaune a yankunan tsaunuka na Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Iran, Isra'ila. Girman jiki ƙananan ne - har zuwa 50 cm a tsayi, nauyi - har zuwa 3 kg. Launi na gashi yana da duhu mai duhu tare da alamun duhu mai duhu, a cikin hunturu ya zama mai ƙarfi sosai - tare da ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa. Soafon aljihunan folda ba shi da gashi, saboda haka dabbar tana tafiya daidai a kan duwatsu da gangaren tudu.
Fox Fenech (Vulpes zerda)
Mazaunin ƙauyukan hamada na Arewacin Afirka. Ya banbanta da sauran nau'ikan ta karamin bakin bakin da gajeren gajere, hanci mai hanci. Shine mamallakin manyan kunnuwa ajere. Launi launin rawaya ne mai tsami, tassel a kan jela yana da duhu, bakin bakinsa haske ne. Wani mai cutar thermophilic, a yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 20, ya fara daskarewa. Weight - har zuwa 1.5 kg, tsawon - har zuwa 40 cm, wutsiya - har zuwa 30 cm.
Fox na Arctic ko fox na polar (Vulpes (Alopex) lagopus)
Wasu masana kimiyya suna danganta wannan nau'in ga jinsin dawakai. Yana zaune a cikin yankunan tundra da polar. Launi na dawakai na pola iri biyu ne: "shuɗi", wanda a zahiri yana da launin azurfa-fari, wanda yake canzawa zuwa launin ruwan kasa a lokacin bazara, da kuma "fari", wanda yake zama launin ruwan kasa a lokacin bazara. A tsawon, dabba ta kai 55 cm, nauyi - har zuwa 6 kilogiram, Jawo tare da lokacin farin ciki, mai yawa sosai.
Ire-iren Foxu na reshen Urocyon, ko Grey foxes
Reshen Raunuka masu rawaya suna rayuwa a duniya sama da shekaru miliyan 6, a zahiri suna kamanceceniya da talakawa, duk da cewa babu wata alaƙa tsakanin su.
Wannan reshe ya haɗa da nau'ikan masu zuwa:
Fata foda (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
Yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka da wasu yankuna na Kudu. Gashi yana da launi mai launin toka-azurfa tare da ƙananan alamun tan, launuka masu launin ja-launin ruwan kasa. Wutsiyar ta kai kimanin cm 45, ja da taushi, tare da saman saman akwai tsiri na dogon baƙar fata. Tsawon fox ya kai cm 70. Nauyin - 3-7 kg.
Tsibirin tsibiri (Urocyon littoralis)
Habitat - Canal Islands kusa da California. An dauke shi mafi ƙarancin jinsin fox, tsayin jiki bai wuce 50 cm ba, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 1.2-2.6. Bayyanar daidai yake da na fatar launin toka, bambancin kawai shine kwari ne kawai ke zama abincin wannan nau'in.
Dawakai mai kunnuwan kunne (Otocyon megalotis)
An samo shi a tsaunukan Zambiya, Habasha, Tanzania, Afirka ta Kudu. Launin gashi ya fara daga smoky zuwa auburn. Kafafu, kunnuwa da ratsi a baya baƙi ne. Gabobin jiki na sirara ne kuma dogaye, an daidaita su don saurin gudu. Yana cin kwari da ƙananan beraye. Yanayinsa na musamman shi ne muƙamuƙin mara ƙarfi, yawan haƙoran cikin baki 46-50 ne.
Nau'in fox din reshen Dusicyon (Kudancin Amurkawa)
Reshen Kudancin Amurka yana wakiltar wakilai da ke zaune a yankin Kudancin da Latin Amurka - wannan shi ne ƙarami reshe, shekarunta ba su wuce shekaru miliyan 3 ba, kuma wakilai dangi ne na kusa da kerkeci. Wurin zama - Kudancin Amurka. Launi na sutura galibi launin toka ne tare da alamun tan. Kan yana kunkuntar, hanci dogo ne, kunnuwa suna da girma, jelar ta yi laushi.
Jinsunan mallakar reshen Dusicyon
Andean fox (Dusicyon (Pseudalopex) culpaeus)
Mazaunin Andes ne. Zai iya kai wa 115 cm tsayi kuma yayi nauyi zuwa kilogiram 11. Sashin sama na jiki launin toka-toka-toka, tare da ƙarshen launin toka, raɓa da ciki ja ne. Akwai tassel mai baƙar fata a ƙarshen wutsiyar.
Kudancin Amurka ta Kudancin (Dusicyon (Pseudalopex) griseus)
Yana zaune a cikin pampas na Rio Negro, Paraguay, Chile, Argentina. Ya kai 65 cm, ya kai kilogram 6.5. A waje, yayi kama da ƙaramin kerkeci: rigar tana da launin siliki-toka, ƙafafun suna da yashi mai haske, an nuna bakin almara, wutsiya gajere ce, bata da laushi sosai, kuma ana saukar da ita yayin tafiya.
Sekuran fox (Dusicyon (Pseudalopex) sechurae)
Wurin zamanta shine hamada ta Peru da Ecuador. Gashi yana da launin toka mai haske tare da baƙaƙen fata a tukwicin, wutsiyar tana haske da bakin baki. Ya kai 60-65 cm a tsayi, yana da nauyi 5-6.5 kg, tsawon wutsiya - 23-25 cm.
Kwallan Brazil (Dusicyon vetulus)
Launin wannan Ba'amurke yana da ban mamaki sosai: ɓangaren sama na jikin jikinsa baƙar fata ne baƙi-baƙi, ciki da nono suna da hayaki-ɗanye, tare da ɓangaren sama na wutsiya akwai duhun duhu mai ƙarewa a cikin bakin baƙi. Gashi gajere ne kuma mai kauri. Hancin yana da gajarta, kai kadan ne.
Dawakin Darwin (Dusicyon fulvipes)
An samo shi a cikin Chile da Chiloe Island. Yana da nau'in haɗari kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi a cikin Nauelbuta National Park. Launin mayafin a bayansa launin toka ne, ƙananan ɓangaren jiki suna da madara. Wutsiya ita ce 26 cm, mai laushi tare da goge baki, ƙafafu gajere ne. A tsawon ya kai 60 cm, nauyi - 1.5-2 kg.
Fox Maikong (Dusicyon thous)
Yana zaune cikin shrouds da gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka, sosai kamar ƙaramin kerkeci. Rigarsa launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, ƙarshen jelar fari ne. Kan yana karami, hanci gajere ne, ana nuna kunnuwa. A tsawon ya kai 65-70 cm, yana da nauyin kilogiram 5-7.
Xaramar kunnuwan kunne (Dusicyon (Atelocynus)
A rayuwa yana zaɓar gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a cikin kogin Amazon da Orinoco. Launin gashi na wannan fox ruwan kasa ne mai ruwan toka-toka, tare da inuwa mai haske a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren jiki. Wani fasali na musamman shine gajeren kunnuwa, wanda ke da sifa zagaye. Afafu gajere ne, an daidaita su don tafiya tsakanin ciyayi masu tsayi, saboda wannan, tafiyarta kamar ta ɗan yi kyau. Bakin karami ne mai karami da hakora masu kaifi.
