Fasali da mazauninsu
Dugong (daga Latin Dugong dugon, daga Malay duyung) nau'in halittu ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa na tsarin sirens. Daga yaren Malay an fassara shi azaman "budurwar teku" ko, a sauƙaƙe, amarya ce. A cikin kasarmu, ana kiran dongong "ruwan saniya».
Yana zaune cikin ruwan gishiri na tekuna da tekuna, yana fifita raƙuman ruwa masu zurfin bakin ruwa da ƙananan ruwa. A halin yanzu, mazaunin waɗannan dabbobin sun fadada a yankin na wurare masu zafi na Tekun Indiya da Pacific.
Dugongs sune mafi ƙarancin dabbobi masu shayarwa duka ƙungiyar sirens. Nauyin su ya kai kilogram ɗari shida tare da tsayin jikinsa na mita huɗu. Sun bayyana dimorphism ta fuskar girma, ma'ana, maza koyaushe sunfi mata girma.
Wannan dabba mai shayarwa tana da girma, jiki mai motsi, an rufe shi da fata mai kauri har zuwa 2-2.5 cm tare da ninki. Launin jikin dugong yana cikin launuka masu launin toka, kuma baya koyaushe yana da duhu fiye da ciki.
A waje, suna kamanceceniya da hatimai, amma sabanin su, ba zasu iya motsawa a doron kasa ba, tunda, saboda hanyoyin ci gaba, kafafuwan gabansu gaba daya sun rikide sun zama sikaho, tsawonsu ya kai rabin mita, kuma kafafun baya baya nan.
A ƙarshen jikin dugong akwai wutsiyar wutsiya, da ɗan ɗanɗano kamar cetacean, ma'ana, an raba ruwan wukanta biyu da zurfin sanarwa, wanda shine bambanci kurkuku daga manatee, wani wakilin ƙungiyar sirens, wanda wutsiyarsa yayi kama da oar a cikin sifa.
Shugaban shanun teku karami ne, ba ya aiki, ba shi da kunnuwa kuma yana da zurfin idanu. Bakin fuska, tare da leɓun tsoka masu gudana a ƙasa, ƙare a cikin hanci na hanci tare da hancin da ke rufe bawul ɗin ƙarƙashin ruwa. Dugongs sun sami ci gaba sosai game da ji, amma suna gani sosai.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Dugongs, kodayake su dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, suna nuna rashin tsaro cikin zurfin tekuna. Sun kasance marasa ma'ana da jinkiri. Matsakaicin saurin motsi na mutum a karkashin ruwa yana kimanin kilomita goma a awa daya.
Dangane da salon rayuwarsu, basa buƙatar gagarumin saurin motsi, dugongs shine ciyawar shuke-shuke, don haka farauta bashi da asali a cikin su, kuma mafi yawan lokuta suna iyo a kan tekun, neman abinci a cikin nau'in algae.
Lokaci-lokaci, yawan waɗannan dabbobin suna ƙaura zuwa yanayin yanayi mai sauƙi na ruwan teku, wanda a cikinsa akwai wadataccen abinci. Dugongs gabaɗaya keɓantattu, amma galibi suna haɗuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na mutane biyar zuwa goma a wuraren da ciyayi masu gina jiki ke tarawa.
Waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba sa jin tsoron mutane kwata-kwata, saboda haka akwai bambanci da yawa hoton dugong za a iya samun sauƙin a Intanet. Dangane da girmansu da fata mai kauri, suma basa tsoron sauran masu cin ruwa, wadanda kawai basa afka musu.
Ya faru da cewa manyan kifayen kifayen sun yi ƙoƙari su far wa ɗakunan dugong, amma da zarar uwar jaririn ta bayyana, sharks ɗin nan take suka iyo.
Wataƙila, saboda bayyanar halittar waɗannan dabbobi, an ƙirƙiri sabon jerin rundunonin saukar jirgin Rasha a cikin 2000s. jiragen ruwa «Dugong"A kan ramin iska. Wadannan kwale-kwale, kamar dabbobi, suna da hanci mara kyau a gaba.
Abincin Dugong
Dugongs suna ciyar da abinci ne kawai na ciyayin ruwa. Suna samun sa a ƙasan tekuna, suna yage shi daga saman ƙasa da babban leɓɓansu na sama. Kimanin abincin yau da kullun na saniyar teku kusan kilogram arba'in ne na algae da ciyawar teku.
Mazan da suka manyanta suna da dogayen hakoran sama a siffar hauren giwa, wanda da shi za a iya cire musu sauƙi daga ƙasan shukar, su bar ɓoyo a bayansu, wanda ya nuna cewa saniyar teku tana kiwo a wannan wurin.
Dugongs suna ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsu don neman abinci. Sun kasance a ƙarƙashin ruwa a ƙasan tekun na tsawon mintuna goma sha biyar, sa’an nan su yi iyo a saman don ɗaukar iska kuma su sake nutsewa ƙasa don neman abinci.
Sau da yawa mutane suna tattara algae a wani wuri, don haka suna azurta kan su da wadataccen abinci na gaba.
Akwai lokuta idan, tare da algae, ƙananan kifi da ɓawon burodi (ƙuƙuka, mollusks, da dai sauransu) suka shiga cikin jikin dabbobi, waɗanda jikinsu ma ya narke.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Balaga dabbobi masu shayarwa isa ga shekara ta goma ta rayuwa. Babu lokacin kiwo kamar haka, zasu iya haɗuwa duk shekara. A lokacin saduwar aure, galibi akan sami hamayya tsakanin maza ga mace, wanda ake nunawa a yaƙe-yaƙe inda maza ke da ƙwarewar amfani da hauren hammata don cutar da abokin hamayya.
Bayan nasarar daya daga cikin mazan, sai ya tafi da mace don daukar ciki. Bayan hadi, majinaji maza basa shiga kwata-kwata a cikin tarbiyya da horar da 'ya'yansu, suna ninkaya daga mata.
Ciki a cikin dugongs mata yana ɗaukar tsawon shekara guda. Mafi yawanci ɗa, ba sau da yawa ana haihuwar yara biyu, masu nauyin kusan kilo arba'in da tsawon jiki har zuwa mita. Yaran da aka haifa suna ciyar da madarar mace, kasancewa tare da ita koyaushe a kan uwa.
Daga wata na uku na rayuwa, 'yan dugong suna fara cin ciyayi, amma ba sa barin madara har shekara ɗaya da rabi. Bayan sun balaga, matasa 'yan dugongs sun daina rakiyar mace kuma suka fara rayuwar kansu.
A matsakaici, tsawon rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa kimanin shekaru saba'in ne, amma saboda farautar su da ƙananan mutane, ƙalilan ne ke kai tsufa.
Saboda dalilai daban-daban, gami da ayyukan ɗan adam, a cikin ƙarni na ashirin, yawan mutanen digong ya ragu ƙwarai da gaske. An sanya jinsin su a cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya kamar masu rauni. Kungiyoyin duniya kamar GreenPeace sun kiyaye shi.
An ba da izinin kama waɗannan dabbobin cikin iyakantattun abubuwa ta amfani da harpoon kuma kawai ga mazauna yankin waɗanda ke cin nama, kitse don amfanin lafiyar ƙasa, kuma suna yin abubuwan ƙwarewa daga ƙasusuwa. Kama dugongs an hana cibiyoyin sadarwa.
