Kifin kifi (Pterois) kyakkyawa ce mai dafi daga dangin kunama. Idan aka kalli wannan kyakkyawan kifin mai haske, ba zakuyi tunanin cewa dangi ne na wart, kifi mafi banƙyama a cikin iyali. A cikin bayyanar, ba za a iya rikitar da kifin zaki da sauran kifi ba. Ya sami sunanta ne saboda dogayen fincin kamarsa wanda yake kama da fuka-fuki. Wani mazaunin teku, kifin zakin nan da nan yana jan hankali tare da launinsa mai haske. Sauran sunaye sune kifin zaki da zebra.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Kifin Kifin
Tare da rabe-raben baya na jinsin zaki, masu binciken sun gano nau'ikan jinsin masu karfin Pterois iri daya, amma mil mil din Pterois ne kawai aka samu tabbaci mai karfi a matsayin irinsu.
Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan 10 a cikin jinsin Pterois, sune:
- P. kuma haka;
- P. antennata - Antenna zaki;
- P. brevipectoralis;
- P. lunulata;
- P. mil - kifin zaki na Indiya;
- P. mombasae - Mombasa kifin zaki;
- P. radiata - Radial zaki mai kifi;
- P. russelii;
- P. sphex;
- P. volitans - Kifin zebra.
Bidiyo: Kifin Kifin
Bayan nazarin samfuran a cikin Indo-Pacific, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara cewa za a iya gane nau'ikan jinsin guda biyu a matsayin P. mil a cikin Tekun Indiya da P. volitans a yamma da kudu ta tsakiyar Pacific da Yammacin Ostiraliya.
Gaskiya mai dadi: P. volitans shine ɗayan kifin kifin da akafi amfani dashi a yawancin ɓangarorin duniya. Babu wata ƙasa da ta wuce Amurka da Caribbean da ke ɗaukarta a matsayin nau'in haɗari. Ko a Amurka, yana daya daga cikin kifaye mafi daraja 10 da aka shigo dasu kasar.
Kwanan nan, an tabbatar da cewa zangon kifin zaki ya bazu zuwa Sumatra, inda jinsin halittu daban-daban suke rayuwa. Rata tsakanin waɗannan karatun, wanda ya fi shekaru ashirin, na iya haifar mana da imanin cewa tsawon shekaru kifin kifin ya faɗaɗa zangonsa ta hanyar rarraba ta yanayi. Yawan haskoki mai laushi a kan fika yawanci ana amfani dasu don rarrabe tsakanin jinsin jinsinsu.
Aikin kwanan nan game da kwayar halitta ya nuna cewa yawan kifin zafin tekun Atlantika ya kunshi P. volitans tare da ƙananan adadin P. mil. Domin, kamar kifi mai guba, kifin zakin ana ɗaukarsa mai lalacewa ta hanyar ma'ana saboda tasirin da suke da shi ga al'ummomin kifayen yankin da kuma lafiyar ɗan adam.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yadda kifin zaki yake
Lionfish (Pterois) nau'in almara ne na iyakokin rayukan dangi na dangin Scorpaenidae. An bambanta su ta hanyar fuka-fukan fuka-fukan elongated, alamu masu ƙarfi da halaye na ban mamaki. Manya sun kai tsawon kusan 43 cm kuma nauyinsu yakai kilo 1.1. Bugu da ƙari, mutane masu ɓarna sun fi nauyi. Kamar sauran kifin kunama, kifin zakin yana da manyan fika-fikai masu fuka-fukai waɗanda suka fito daga jiki, a cikin sifar man zaki. Hanyoyin spiky a kai da jijiyoyin guba a cikin ƙofar baya, na tsuliya da na ƙashin ƙugu sun sa kifin ya zama mara ƙayatarwa ga masu yiwuwar cin naman.
Yawan kumburin jiki na jiki a kai na iya yin kama da tsire-tsire, rufe mashi da bakinsa daga farauta. Kifayen kifi suna da ƙananan hakora da yawa a kan muƙamuƙi da saman baki waɗanda aka daidaita don kamawa da riƙe abin kamawa. Canza launi ya bambanta, tare da raƙuman raƙuman tsaye masu launin ja, burgundy ko launin ruwan kasa mai ja, canzawa tare da raƙuman fari fari ko rawaya, don kifin zaki. Kashin haƙarƙari na da tabo.
Gaskiya mai Dadi: A cikin mutane, dafin kifin yana haifar da ciwo mai zafi da kumburi. Hakanan za'a iya faruwa da alamun cututtuka masu mahimmanci irin su matsalar numfashi, ciwon ciki, kamuwa, da rashi hankali. “Tashin” kifin zaki ba safai yake iya mutuwa ba, kodayake wasu mutane sun fi saurin saurin dafin fiye da wasu.
Kifayen kifin suna da haskoki 13 masu guba, dors 9-11 na dorsal haskoki da 14 doguwa mai kama da kirjin kirji. Finfin nafin fuska yana da kashin baya 3 da haskoki 6-7. Kifin zaki yana da tsawon shekaru 10-15. Ana daukar kifin zaki daya daga cikin kyawawan halittu na akwatin kifaye. Tana da kyakkyawar taguwar jiki da launuka masu launin ja, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa ko fari wanda ya faɗo daga ƙasan rawaya. Launi na iya bambanta dangane da mazaunin, nau'in bakin teku galibi yana bayyana ne da duhu, wani lokacin kusan baƙi.
A ina kifin zaki ke zama?
Hotuna: Kifin zaki
Yankin ƙasar ta bakin kifin shine yammacin Tekun Fasifik da gabashin Tekun Indiya. Ana samun su a yankin tsakanin Bahar Maliya da Sumatra. An tattara samfurin P. volitans daga Sharm el Sheikh, Misira da Gulf of Aqaba, Isra'ila, da kuma daga Tsibirin Inhaka, Mozambique. An bayyana mazaunin kifin zinare a matsayin tsibirin murjani na bakin teku a zurfin kusan mita 50. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayinsu na asali, suna kuma bayyana a cikin zurfin zurfin bakin teku da ruwan estuarine, tare da mafi girman abin da ke faruwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfin bakin teku. An hangi manyan manya a zurfin mita 300 a cikin teku mai buɗewa.
Hakanan rarraba kifin ya kunshi yanki mai faɗi wanda ya faɗo daga yammacin Ostiraliya da Malesiya gabas zuwa Polynesia ta Faransa da Tsibirin Pitcairn, daga arewa zuwa kudu Japan da Koriya ta Kudu da kudu zuwa tsibirin Lord Howe da ke gabashin gabashin Australiya da Tsibirin Kermadec a New Zealand. Ana samun wannan nau'in a ko'ina cikin Micronesia. Kifin kifi galibi yana da alaƙa da reefs, amma ana samunsa a cikin ruwan dumi mai zafi na wurare masu zafi. Suna son yin sama-sama tare da duwatsu da murjani a cikin dare kuma su ɓuya a cikin kogo da kofofin rana.
Yankin da aka gabatar ya hada da mafi yawan Caribbean da kuma kudu maso gabashin Amurka ta gabar gabas. Kifayen kifin sun makale a cikin ruwan gabar teku na garin tsibirin Key Biscayne, na Florida, lokacin da akwatin kifaye na gari ya lalace yayin guguwar Andrew a shekarar 1992. Bugu da kari, sakin dabbobin gida da gangan ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan masu mummunar tashin hankali na Florida, wanda tuni ya haifar da illolin halitta.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo kifin zaki. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene kifin zaki yake ci?
Hoto: Kifin Kifin
Kifin Zaki shine ɗayan mafi girman matakan jerin kayan abinci a cikin yankuna da yawa na murjani. An san su da ciyarwa galibi akan ɓawon burodi (da sauran ɓarna) da ƙananan kifi, waɗanda suka haɗa da soya na nau'insu. Kifin zaki yana cin nauyin nauyinsa sau 8.2. Soyayensu suna cin abinci 5.5-13.5 g kowace rana, kuma manya 14.6 g.
Faduwar rana shine mafi kyawun lokacin don fara ciyarwa saboda a wannan lokacin ne aikin murjani yake mafi girma. A faɗuwar rana, kifi da ɓoye-ɓoye suna zuwa wurin hutu na dare, kuma duk kifin da ke cikin dare yakan fita fara farauta. Kifin kifin ba sa sanya ƙarfi a cikin cin abincinsu. Suna kawai hawa sama da dutsen, kuma mazaunan murjani kansu suna fuskantar mahaɗan da ba a gani. Motsawa a hankali, kifin zaki yana buɗe hasken kirji don ɓoye motsin ƙarancin caudal. Wannan garkuwar, tare da launi mai rikitarwa na mai farauta, yana aiki ne kamar sutura kuma yana hana yuwuwar ganima daga gano shi.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Yayinda fasalin launuka masu launin zakin launuka mai haske kuma mai sauƙin gani a cikin akwatin kifaye, a kan murjani mai murjani, wannan tsarin mai launuka yana ba kifin damar haɗuwa tare da asalin rassan murjani, taurarin fuka-fukai da ƙoshin ruwan teku.
Kifin zaki yana kai hari cikin sauri kuma yana tsotse ganima cikin bakinsa. Tana kuma yin farauta a kusa da saman ruwa ta amfani da fasahohi iri-iri. Kifin yana jira a zurfin 20-30 cm, yana kallon yadda ƙananan makarantun kifi suka yi tsalle daga cikin ruwa, suna ƙoƙarin tserewa daga wasu masu lalata su. Lokacin da suka sake komawa cikin ruwa, kifin zaki yana shirin kawo hari.
Kifin zaki
- karamin kifi (kasa da 10 cm);
- kayan kwalliya;
- jatan lande;
- kananan kadoji da sauran invertebrates.
Kifin yana farauta shi kaɗai, a hankali yana gabatowa abin farautarsa, a ƙarshe ya kama shi da saurin walƙiya tare da ɓaɓɓar maƙogwaronsa ya haɗiye shi duka. Yawanci, kifin zaki yana ciyar da kifi mai yawa lokacin da abinci ya wadata, sannan kuma yunwa idan abinci yayi karanci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Zakin zefish
Waɗannan kifin da dare suna motsawa cikin duhu, a hankali suna girgiza raƙuman ruwa masu taushi na ƙwanƙwasa da ƙoshin lafiya. Kodayake yawancin abincin kifin kifin an kammala shi ne a farkon awa na dare, suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin sararin samaniya har zuwa wayewar gari. Lokacin da rana ta fito, kifayen sukan koma ga kebabbun wurare tsakanin murjani da kankara.
Kifin zaki yana zama a kananan kungiyoyi a lokacin da ake soya da lokacin saduwa. Koyaya, saboda yawancin rayuwar su ta girma, suna kaɗaici kuma zasu iya kare gidajensu da karfi daga wasu mutane iri ɗaya ko wata jinsin ta amfani da ƙafafunsu masu dafi.
Gaskiya mai dadi: Jin zafi daga cizon zaki da aka kawo wa mutane na iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa kuma yana haifar da damuwa, gumi da gajeren numfashi. Shaidun gwaji sun nuna cewa maganin yana da tasirin gurɓatuwa akan dafin zaki.
A lokacin zawarci, maza na da saurin fada. Lokacin da wani namiji ya mamaye yankin mazajen da ke yiwa mace ado, sai mahaukaciyar rundunar ta tunkari maharin da fincin da ke tazara sosai. Daga nan sai ya yi iyo a gaba a gaban mai kutsawar, yana mai da jijiyoyin dafin gaba. Namiji mai tsananin tashin hankali ya zama mai duhu a launi kuma yana tura ƙoshin da yake kashewa na ƙoshin guba ga wani mutum, wanda yake lanƙwasa firam ɗinsa kuma yayi iyo.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Kifin kifin a cikin teku
Kifin kifin yana da ban mamaki na haihuwa. Sun isa balagar jima'i a ƙasa da shekara guda kuma suna zagayawa shekara a cikin ruwan dumi. Kawai a lokacin zawarci ne kifin zaki ke haduwa da wasu mutane daga jinsin. Maleaya namiji yana haɗuwa da mata da yawa, ya zama rukuni na kifin 3-8. Mata na samarwa daga kwai dubu 15 zuwa 30 a kowane rukuni, don haka kifi daya a cikin ruwan dumi na iya samar da kwai miliyan biyu a shekara.
Gaskiyar wasa: Lokacin da kifin zaki ke shirin haihuwa, bambancin yanayin tsakanin jinsi yana bayyana sosai. Maza sun zama masu duhu kuma suna da launuka iri-iri (rabe-rabensu ba abu ne da za a gani ba). Mata tare da cikakkun ƙwai, akasin haka, zama paler. Ciki, yankin pharyngeal, da bakinsu sun zama fari fat.
Urtsaddamarwa tana farawa jim kaɗan kafin duhu kuma koyaushe namiji ne ke fara ta. Bayan da Namiji ya sami mace, sai ya kwanta kusa da ita a kan kwalin kuma ya kalli saman ruwan, ya jingina a kan fikafan ƙugu. Sannan yana zagayawa kusa da mace kuma bayan ya wuce da'irori da yawa, sai ya hau saman ruwan, kuma mace ta biyo shi. Lokacin ɗagawa, ƙashin firam ɗin mata suna rawar jiki. Ma'aurata na iya saukowa da hawa sau da yawa. A hawan ƙarshe, tururin yana yawo saman ƙasan ruwan. Sannan mace ta saki kwai.
Qwai ya qunshi bututu biyu na huhu wadanda suke shawagi a kasa da bayan fitarwa. Bayan kamar mintuna 15, waɗannan bututun suna cike da ruwan teku kuma sun zama ƙwallo masu ƙyalli tare da diamita daga 2 zuwa 5 cm. A cikin waɗannan ƙananan ƙwallan ƙwallon ƙafa akwai yadudduka 1-2 na ƙwai ɗayan. Adadin kwai a cikin kwallon ya bambanta daga 2,000 zuwa 15,000. Yayin da kwai ya bayyana, sai namijin ya fitar da maniyyin sa, wanda ya ratsa cikin jikin mucous din kuma ya hadu da kwan a ciki.
Embryos sun fara zama na awanni 20 bayan sun gama haduwa. A hankali, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna ragargaza ganuwar ƙusoshin kuma, awanni 36 bayan haɗuwa, ƙyanƙyashe ƙyanƙyashewar. Kwanaki huɗu bayan ɗaukar ciki, larvae sun riga sun zama masu iyo sosai kuma suna iya fara ciyarwa akan ƙananan ciliates. Suna iya yin kwanaki 30 a cikin matakin pelagic, wanda ke ba su damar yaɗuwa a kan igiyoyin ruwan.
Abokan gaba na kifin zaki
Hoto: Yadda kifin zaki yake
Kifayen kifi suna jinkiri kuma suna nuna kamar suna da tabbaci sosai ko kuma ba ruwan su da barazanar. Sun dogara da kalar su, sake kamannin su da kuma lahanin dafi don hana masu farautar su. Manya keɓaɓɓun mutane galibi suna tsayawa wuri ɗaya na dogon lokaci. Zasu iya killace gidajensu daga sauran kifin zaki da sauran nau'ikan kifayen.Yana da yawa daga dabbobin da ke kama da kifin zaki, koda a yanayinsu.
Ba a bayyana gaba ɗaya yadda ake sarrafa yawan kifin kifin a yanayin yanayin su ba. Suna bayyana kamar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na waje sun fi su tasiri fiye da sauran kifaye, duka a cikin yanayi da kuma ɓarna. A cikin tasirinsu, da alama kifayen kifin da sauran manyan kifaye masu cin nama ba su rigaya sun yarda kifin zaki a matsayin ganima ba. Koyaya, yana da kwarin gwiwa cewa an sami kifi mai fika-fikai a cikin cikin masu rukuni a cikin Bahamas.
Gaskiyar Abin Sha'awa: Gudanar da ɗan adam na cin zakin kifin mai ba da wuya ya samar da ɓarna ko iko na dogon lokaci. Koyaya, yana iya yiwuwa a sarrafa yawan kifin zaki a iyakantattun yankuna ta hanyar ƙoƙarin cirewa na yau da kullun.
A cikin Tekun Aqaba, Bahar Maliya, bushe-bushe mai shuɗi ya zama mai farautar kifin zaki. Idan aka yi la’akari da kasancewar babban samfurin kifin zaki a cikin cikinsa, sai aka kammala cewa kifin yana amfani da dabarun kwanto don kama kifin zakin daga baya, yana riƙe shi da farko da jela. Abubuwan da aka gani kwanan nan game da kifin zaki sun nuna ƙarancin yaduwar endo- da ectoparasites idan aka kwatanta da na kifin reef na gida.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Kifin Kifin
A halin yanzu ba a saka kifin zaki a cikin hadari ba Koyaya, ƙarin gurɓataccen gandun daji yana sa ran kashe kifaye da yawa da kayan kwalliyar da kifin zaki ya dogara da shi. Idan kifin kifi ba zai iya dacewa da waɗannan canje-canje ta hanyar zaɓar wasu hanyoyin abinci ba, ana tsammanin yawan su ma zai ragu. Yayi la'akari da nau'in haɗari mara kyau a Amurka, Bahamas da Caribbean.
Ana tsammanin kifin zaki ya shiga ruwan Amurka sakamakon fitarwa daga ruwayen ruwa na ruwa ko kuma ruwan ballast na jirgin ruwa. Abubuwan da aka fara ganowa sun faru a Kudancin Florida a cikin 1985. Sun bazu cikin wani yanayi mai ban mamaki a gefen gabashin Amurka da gabar Tekun Fasha, har ma a cikin yankin Caribbean.
Gaskiyar farin ciki: Yawan kifin zaki mai zafin nama yana ƙaruwa da kusan kashi 67% a kowace shekara. Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a fili sun nuna cewa kifin zaki na iya sauya kashi 80% na yawan kifaye na cikin gida a kan murjani. Yankin da aka tsara ya shafi dukkan Tekun Mexico, da Caribbean, da kuma yammacin gabar Tekun Atlantika daga North Carolina zuwa Uruguay.
Kifin kifi yana haifar da damuwa sosai game da tasirin su ga al'ummomin ƙasa masu wuya, mangroves, algae da coral reefs, har ma da mazaunin estuarine. Abin damuwa ba wai kawai tsinkayen kifi mai fifiko a kan kifin na asali da gasa tare da kifin na cikin gida don tushen abinci ba, har ma da tasirin kwastomomi a duk faɗin yanayin ƙasa.
Ranar bugawa: 11.11.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/04/2019 a 21:52
