Coho - wannan shine mafi kyawun kifi a cikin tsarin gastronomic, ana rarrabe shi da ƙananan calorie mai laushi mai laushi tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ƙananan kasusuwa. Kadan daga cikin masun kifi masu sa'a suka sami damar farautar wannan kayataccen kifin, kuma galibinsu ya kasance kyauta mai ban sha'awa amma ba ta samu ba.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Coho kifin
Coho salmon wakili ne na babban iyalin salmon. Kifi mai kama da Salmon yana daya daga cikin magabatan farko na dukkanin kifaye masu kyau na zamani, an san su tun daga lokacin Cretaceous na zamanin Mesozoic. Saboda kamanceceniya ta musamman ta siffofin wakilan wannan dangin da na masu kiwon, a wani lokacin ana hada su zuwa tsari daya.
Bidiyo: Coho salmon
Masu binciken sunyi jayayya cewa yayin samuwar jinsuna, sun kasance ma basa iya banbanta da juna kamar yadda suke yanzu. A cikin encyclopedias na Soviet, babu wani tsari na salmonids kwata-kwata, amma daga baya aka gyara tsarin - an gano wani tsari na daban na salmonids, wanda ya hada da dangin salmon din daya tilo.
Wannan kifin da aka yiwa rai, tsoffin kakanninsu wadanda suka gabata zuwa karshen zamanin Silurian - shekaru miliyan 400-410 da suka gabata, kifi ne na kayan masarufin kasuwanci. Kamar yawancin kifin salmon coho salmon, suna shiga cikin rafuka don haɓaka, kuma a cikin ruwan teku kawai suna kitse da yawa, lokacin sanyi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Coho salmon kifi ne mai daraja ƙwarai, amma yawanta bai kai na sauran membobin babban gidan salmon ba. Daga shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2010, kamun kifin na kifin kifi ya ninka sau biyar daga tan dubu 1 zuwa 5, yayin da na duniya suka kasance a matakin daya - tan dubu 19 zuwa 20 kowace shekara.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya coho salmon yake?
Dangane da keɓaɓɓun launi a wasu ƙasashe, ana kiran kifin kifi na azurfa. Thearfin manya a cikin yanayin teku mai shuɗi ne mai duhu ko kore, kuma tarnaƙi da ciki azurfa ne. Laban na sama na jelarsa da bayanta an yi masa ado da ɗigon baki.
Individualsananan yara suna da waɗannan alamun fiye da waɗanda suka balaga ta hanyar jima'i, ban da haka, ana rarrabe su da kasancewar ratsi a tsaye a jiki, fararen gumis da baƙin harshe. Kafin yin ƙaura zuwa ruwan teku, dabbobin dabbobi suna rasa ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen kogin kuma suna kama da manyan dangi.
Jikin coho salmon yana da tsayi mai tsayi, ya daidaita daga bangarorin. Wutsiya tana da murabba'i, tana da faɗi a gindi, an watsa ta da tabo da yawa. Kan yana da conical, ya fi girma.
Lokacin shiga cikin kogin don taƙama, jikin maƙarƙancin coho salmon yana fuskantar canje-canje masu mahimmanci:
- launin azurfa na gefen ya canza zuwa ja mai haske ko maroon;
- a cikin maza, hakora suna ƙaruwa sosai, haɓakar ƙugu mai ƙarfi tana haɓaka;
- wani tudu ya bayyana a bayan ma'anar ma'anar, kuma jiki ya fi sakewa;
- bayyanar mace a zahiri baya canzawa ya danganta da tsarin rayuwa.
Manyan mutane daga yankin Asiya na kewayon zasu iya samun nauyin daga kilogram 2 zuwa 7. Mutanen Arewacin Amurka sun fi girma girma: nauyi zai iya kaiwa kilogram 13-15 tare da tsayin jikinsa kusan mita ɗaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Spaananan samari masu saurin haihuwa da tsayin santimita 20 zuwa 35 galibi ana kiransu "jacks".
A ina coho salmon yake rayuwa?
Photo: Coho kifin
Ana samun wannan kifin a cikin ruwan da ke kusa da Arewa, Central California, ana samun sa a cikin Tekun Arewacin Pacific, kogunan bakin ruwa kusa da Alaska. Yawan jama'arta suna da yawa a Kamchatka, kusa da gabar Kanada, kuma ana samun sa da ƙananan lambobi kusa da tsibirin Kwamandan.
A yankin ƙasarmu, ana samun wannan kifin:
- a cikin ruwan Tekun Okhotsk;
- a yankin Magadan, Sakhalin, Kamchatka;
- a cikin tabkin Sarannoe da Kotelnoe.
Coho salmon shine mafi thermophilic na dukkan nau'ikan kifin kifin na Pacific, tare da yanayin yanayin zafin jiki mai sau 5 zuwa 16. Coho salmon ya share kimanin shekara ɗaya da rabi a cikin ruwan teku, sannan kuma ya garzaya zuwa kogin bakin teku. A gabar tekun Amurka, akwai siffofin zama na musamman waɗanda kawai ake samu a cikin tabkuna kawai.
Don kifin kifin, yana da mahimmanci cewa halin yanzu a cikin waɗannan magudanan ruwa ba su da ƙarfi sosai, kuma an rufe ƙasan da pebbles. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mazaunin wannan yawan kifin na salmon ya ragu sosai. Hanyoyinta masu haɓaka sun ragu ko ma an kawar da su a cikin wasu raƙuman ruwa, amma har yanzu ya zama gama gari a cikin manyan tsarin kogin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai nau'ikan kifin kifi na musamman wanda aka samu nasarar girma akan gonakin roba na Chile. Kifin ya fi kifin daji ƙanƙan kuma yana da ƙarancin mai a cikin nama, amma yana girma da sauri.
Menene coho salmon yake ci?
Hotuna: Red coho salmon
Lokacin da suke cikin ruwa mai ɗaci, samari suna cin abinci na farko kan tsutsa daga sauro, ƙuda da ƙira daban-daban. Lokacin da girman jikin yara ya kusan santimita 10, toya daga sauran kifin, matatun ruwa, beetles na kogin, da imago na wasu kwari zasu samu.
Abincin yau da kullun na tsofaffin mutane shine:
- ƙaramin ɗanyen kifin, gami da kifin kifi;
- kaguwa larvae, crustaceans, krill;
- squid, herring, cod, navaga da sauransu.
Godiya ga mafi girman baki da hakora masu ƙarfi, kifin kifi na iya ciyar da babban kifi. Nau'in kifin da ke cikin abincin ya dogara da mazaunin coho salmon da lokacin shekara.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kifin salmon shine na uku a cikin jerin kayan mai mai nama, gabanin salmon na sockeye da kifin kifi na chinook. Wannan kifin ya daskarewa, gwangwani daga gare shi, kuma gishirin. Ana amfani da duk ɓarnar bayan sarrafawa wajen samar da garin abinci.
Yayin da ake tsirar, kifin baya cin abinci kwata-kwata, ilhalin sa, waɗanda suke da alaƙa da hakar abinci, gaba ɗaya sun ɓace, kuma hanjin sun daina aiki. Dukkanin rundunoni suna fuskantar zuwa ci gaba da jinsin halittar, kuma tsofaffi masu rauni sun mutu nan da nan bayan sun fara haihuwa. Amma mutuwarsu ba ma'ana ba ce, tunda su da kansu sun zama wurin kiwo ga duk yanayin halittar rafin tafki, gami da 'ya'yansu.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami salmon coho. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin yake ci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Coho kifin
Wannan nau'in kifin kifi na fara rayuwarsa ne a cikin ruwan ruwa mai dadi, inda yake cinye kimanin shekara guda, sa'annan yayi ƙaura zuwa teku da tekuna don ci gaba da ci gaba. Wasu nau'ikan basa yin nisa cikin ruwan teku, sun fi son zama kusa da koguna, yayin da wasu ke iya yin ƙaura mai nisan da ya wuce kilomita dubu.
Sun shafe kimanin shekara guda da rabi a cikin ruwa mai gishiri kuma sun koma cikin koguna ko tabkuna, inda aka haife su don matakin ƙarshe na rayuwarsu. Lokaci na dukkanin zagayen rayuwar salmon shine shekaru 3-4. Wasu daga cikin mazan suna mutuwa a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa.
Coho salmon ya kiyaye a cikin garken. A cikin tekun, yana zaune cikin matakan ruwa wanda bai kasa mita 250 daga farfajiyar ba, akasarin kifaye suna da zurfin mita 7-9. Lokacin shiga koguna ya dogara da mazaunin. Akwai rani, kaka da hunturu kifin kifin kifi. Mutane sun balaga ne kawai a cikin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa.
An lura cewa maza suna saurin girma cikin tafkunan ruwa. Coho salmon ya fita don yawo da yawa fiye da duk sauran wakilan dangin salmon. Anadromous jinsunan overwinter a cikin teku ko teku.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wannan nau'in kifin kifin ana yaba shi ne ba kawai don jan jan nama ba, amma kuma dan kadan mai daci amma mai matukar gina jiki caviar. Ba shi da yawa a cikin adadin kuzari kamar na sauran membobin wannan dangin kuma ana ɗaukarsa mafi amfani.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Coho kifin a Rasha
An tura mutanen da suka manyanta ta hanyar haihuwa don farawa daga farkon Satumba zuwa Janairu. A wasu yankuna, jadawalin ba da sabis ɗin na iya bambanta. Kifin yana motsa kogin ne kawai da dare, a hankali kuma sau da yawa yakan tsaya don hutawa a cikin ramuka masu zurfi.
Mata na amfani da wutsiyar su don tonowa a ƙasan gida, inda ake kwan ƙwai. Ana aiwatar da kamawa ta hanyoyi da yawa kuma kowane ɓangaren ƙwai yana haɗuwa da maza daban-daban. Duk tsawon lokacin haihuwar, mace daya tana da ikon samar da kwai har zuwa 3000-4500.
Mace na haƙa ramuka don ɗorawa ɗaya bayan ɗaya daga kogin, don haka kowane ɗayan da ya gabata ya zama an rufe shi da tsakuwa daga sabuwar da aka haƙa. Bayan kammala na ƙarshe, amma mafi mahimmancin matakin rayuwarsu, manya suna mutuwa.
Lokacin shiryawa ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa kuma zai iya kaiwa tsakanin kwanaki 38 zuwa 48. Matsayin rayuwa yana da girma sosai, amma, duk da haka, wannan shine matakin mafi raunin rayuwa, a lokacin da samarin coho salmon zai iya zama ganima ga masu farauta, a daskarewa, a binne shi a ƙarƙashin wani sikari, da sauransu. Larvae din suna kasancewa cikin tsakuwa har na tsawon sati biyu zuwa goma har sai sun cinye jakar kwai.
Bayan kwanaki 45 bayan haihuwa, soyayyar ta girma har zuwa cm 3. Yaran suna girma kusa da kututtukan bishiyoyi, manyan duwatsu, a cikin kwarjinin. Hijirar yara a ƙasan kogin ya fara kimanin shekara ɗaya bayan haka, lokacin da tsayin jikinsu ya wuce 13-20 cm.
Abokan gaba na kifin salmon
Hotuna: Yaya coho salmon yake?
A cikin mazauninsu na asali, manya suna da havean magabta. Kawai manyan nau'ikan halittu masu sauri da sauri na kifaye masu farauta suna iya jimre wa kifin kifin, banda wannan, yana da kyamarar kariya mai kyau kuma yana da wahalar lura a cikin ruwa. Tsuntsayen teku ba za su iya isa gare su ba, tunda waɗanda suka manyanta suna da zurfin zurfin gaske.
Animalsananan yara na iya zama ganima ga kifaye masu yawa, ciki har da dangin manya. Mafi girman lalacewar adadin wannan nau'in yana faruwa ne sakamakon canje-canje a yanayin canjin yanayi, asarar filayen da aka haifa saboda gina madatsun ruwa, da haɓakar birane. Shiga ciki da aikin gona yana shafar ingancin ruwa a cikin al'adun gargajiya na ruwayen kifin kifi.
Duk da yake a cikin wasu nau'in kifin rayuwar ƙwai ba ta wuce kashi 50 cikin ɗari, asarar coho salmon bai wuce kashi 6-7 ba. Babban dalili shi ne tsari na musamman na gida gida don kwan ƙwai, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawan yanayin ƙwai da embryos, wankan sharar gida.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Irin wannan kifin a cikin Rasha za a iya kama masu son, amma saboda wannan kuna buƙatar samun lasisi na musamman. Yawancin coho salmon da yawa suna zaune kusa da Kamchatka - an daɗe ana ɗauka kusan kifin Kamchatka. A wasu yankuna na ƙasar, ba shi da yawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Coho kifin
Nazarin karshe na yawan coho salmon da ke bakin tekun Alaska da Kamchatka an gudanar da shi ne a cikin 2012. Yawan wannan kifin kasuwancin da yake da matukar daraja yanzu ya daidaita ko kuma ba shi da ƙarfi kuma a wuraren da ya fi dacewa, babu abin da ke barazanarsa. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, a cikin ruwan da ke kusa da California, Alaska, har ma an sami ɗan ƙarami kaɗan na wannan wakilin salmon. Abinda kawai ke damuwa shine makomar wani nau'in kifin kifi, wanda ke zaune a cikin laan tabkuna kawai.
Don kula da yawan kifin salmon, ya zama dole a kula da yanayi mai kyau a wuraren da suka saba haihuwa, don gabatar da cikakkiyar doka game da kamun kifi a wasu jikin ruwa, don tsaurara iko kan amfani da sinadarai don sarrafa filayen da amfanin gona.
Saboda ƙananan abokan gaba a cikin mazauninsu na asali, yawan haihuwa da ƙimar rayuwa ta ƙarancin dabbobi, kifin kifi na iya sake dawowa da kansa cikin kankanin lokaci. Mutum kawai yana buƙatar taimaka masa kaɗan, amma mafi mahimmanci shine kar a yi katsalandan cikin rashin tsari tare da ƙirƙirar matsaloli.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An ba da izinin kifin Salmon don kawai kama shi ta kadi da tashi. Wannan kifin mai ƙarfi baya taɓa bayarwa ba tare da faɗa ba, don haka kamun kifi koyaushe yana da ban sha'awa.
Coho, kamar dukkan wakilan dangin kifin, kifi na da mahimmanci kuma yana da matukar mahimmanci ga lafiyar ɗan adam mai ƙoshin lafiya, amma wannan ba duka bane. Ikon yin iyo a kan halin yanzu, hawa koguna don cimma babban buri a rayuwa, duk da duk cikas, ya sa wannan kifin ya zama ɗan gwagwarmaya na gaske, misali na ƙuduri da ɗabi'a mai ƙarfi.
Ranar bugawa: 08/18/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 11.11.2019 da 12:07
