Bamboo bera Shin sandar kariyar bera ce wacce ta dace da zama a karkashin kasa. Wannan sanannen rukuni ne wanda ke cikin dangi kuma yana da mambobi uku. Launin fur zai iya bambanta da yawa tsakanin waɗannan nau'in. Waɗannan berayen suna da alaƙa da voles-type zokor na cikin ƙasa kuma suna kama da manyan zokor. Ba safai ake ajiye berayen bamboo a matsayin dabbobin gida ba, kodayake waɗannan dabbobin suna da asali da ban mamaki.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Bamboo Bera
An yi imanin cewa haƙoran gaske sun samo asali ne daga Asiya. Sun fara bayyana ne a cikin burbushin halittu a ƙarshen Paleocene kuma a farkon Eocene a Asiya da Arewacin Amurka, kimanin shekaru miliyan 54 da suka gabata. Waɗannan dabbobi na asali da kansu sun samo asali ne daga kakannin kakanninsu masu kama da ake kira Anagalida, wanda daga nan ne ƙungiyar Lagomorpha ta lagomorphs suma suka fito.
Bidiyo: Bamboo Bera
Muridae tsohuwar gida ce wacce ta haifi beraye na zamani, beraye na gida, hamsters, voles da ƙwayoyin cuta, sun fara bayyana ne a ƙarshen Eocene (kimanin shekaru miliyan 34 da suka gabata). Nau'ikan kama da linzamin zamani sun samo asali a cikin Miocene (shekaru miliyan 23.8-5 da suka wuce) kuma sun samu yayin Pliocene (shekaru miliyan 5.3-1.8 da suka wuce).
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A ƙarni na 18 da 19 a Turai, an kama beraye kuma ana ci a lokacin yunwa. An dauki hayar masu kama da bera don kashe beraye da kama mutane masu rai don shiga yaƙin bera, tseren bera da kafa ramin bera. Masu kama bera suma sun kama kuma sun ajiye berayen daji a cikin keji. A wannan lokacin, an zaɓi berayen da ke faruwa a dabi'a daga ɗigon berayen da aka kama saboda bayyanar su. An fara rubuta berayen daji na asali na asali a cikin Turai a cikin 1553.
Yawancin jinsi sun fara bayyana a cikin gidan Muridae daga kusan 3.5 zuwa 5-6 mil. shekarun baya. Ya kasance asalin ga Bahar Rum, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Indiya, China, Japan, da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya (gami da Philippines, New Guinea, da Ostiraliya). Bayan kafuwarta, beran halittar beran an yi masa kwaskwarima sau biyu na horo na musamman, daya kimanin mil 2.7. shekarun baya, kuma wani ya fara kimanin shekaru miliyan 1.2 da suka gabata kuma yana iya ci gaba a yau.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya bera mai gora yake
Tsawon jikin beran gora daga santimita 16.25 zuwa 45.72, tsawon jelar yakai cm 6-7, kuma nauyin daga 210 zuwa 340 giram. Ana kiranta da ɗan ƙaramin bera. Dabbobi suna da ƙananan kunnuwa da idanu, kuma suna da kamanceceniya da mai wasan caca na Amurka, ban da ɓoyayyen kunci da ya ɓace. Beran gora yana da furci mai kauri da taushi a kansa da jikinsa, amma ƙaramin fur a gashin kansa.
Launin wannan dabba mai shayarwa ya fara ne daga kirfa mai laushi da kirji zuwa launin toka mai toshi da toka mai launin toka a saman sassan kuma ya zama mai kodadde da sirara akan ƙananan sassan. Wasu mutane suna da ratsi mai fari a saman kai da kuma raƙataccen ratsi daga ƙugu zuwa maƙogwaro. Earsananan kunnuwan dabbar an ɓoye su gaba ɗaya a cikin gashin, kuma ba a furta wuyansa. Areafafu gajere ne.
Cannomys badius katako ne, mai matsakaicin dabbobi masu shayarwa da gajere, ƙafafu masu ƙarfi. Suna da dogayen kafafu, masu haƙƙin haƙo da daskararren takalmi a ƙafafun ƙafafunku. Wannan beran yana da manyan cibi da gora tare da rawanin raɗaɗi da tushe. Arkin zaygomatic yana da fadi sosai kuma jiki yayi kauri da nauyi. Berayen mata masu gora suna da nono biyu da kuma na ciki guda biyu na mammary gland.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saitin chromosomes a babban ɓangaren bera mai gora ya kai 50, a cikin ƙananan jinsunan bera mai gora sittin ne. Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin halaye a cikin rodents.
Tsarin kwanyar kai tsaye yayi daidai da rayuwar dabbobi masu shayarwa a karkashin kasa. An matsa fasalinsa, yana madaidaici a cikin kwatarniyar iska. Expressedungiyoyin Zygomatic an bayyana su a fili kuma suna yaduwa zuwa ga ɓangarorin. A cikin cecum akwai ninka mai kama da karkace.
A ina beran gora yake rayuwa?
Photo: Bamboo bera a cikin yanayi
Tsarin wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga gabashin Nepal (2000 m sama da matakin teku), ta arewa maso gabashin Indiya, Bhutan, kudu maso gabashin Bangladesh, Myanmar, kudancin China, arewa maso yamma. Vietnam, Thailand da Kambodiya. Ana yin rikodin nau'in bera na Bamboo har zuwa kusan 4000 m sama da matakin teku, tare da wasu taxa da aka iyakance ga wasu tsawan tsauni, kuma kewayon tsayi ba tabbatacce ba ne a cikin sanannun kewayon.
Babban mazaunin berayen gora:
- Nepal;
- Kambodiya;
- Zaire;
- Vietnam;
- Indiya;
- Uganda;
- Habasha;
- Laos;
- Thailand;
- Somalia;
- Yankin Mallakku;
- Myammar;
- Kenya;
- Tanzania.
Kasancewar ba a bayyane yake ba:
- Bangladesh;
- Butane.
An yi rikodin nau'in a wurare daban-daban, daga dajin gora zuwa ƙasar noma da sauran wuraren zama na mutane, kodayake ba ya cikin filayen shinkafa. A Kudancin Asiya, yana faruwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu tsaunuka masu tsayi da kuma cikin dazuzzuka na gora a cikin gandun dazuzzukan ruwa, kuma wani lokacin yakan faru ne a tsawan tsauni. Su jinsuna ne na tsawon lokaci tare da ɗalibai guda ɗaya ko biyu a kowane zuriyar dabbobi. Suna kuma zama a cikin yankunan rairayi da ciyayi masu ciyayi. Berayen bamboo suna haƙa maƙasudin burbushin ƙasa a cikin hanyar ramin ƙasa kuma suna ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa a cikin burrows.
Yanzu kun san inda beran gora yake zaune. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene bera mai gora yake ci?
Hoto: Bamboo Bera
Berayen bamboo suna aiki galibi da sassafe ko maraice, lokacin da dabbobi suka bayyana a saman duniya don neman abinci. Suna ciyar da abinci a sassa daban-daban na shuke-shuke, musamman gora, da iri da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Babban abincin da aka cinye shine gora, wanda shine abin da ake amfani dashi azaman sunan wannan dabba mai ɓoye. Suna haƙa sosai. Abincinsu ba wai kawai na ɓangaren gora ba ne, suna kuma cin ciyawar, ƙarancin ganye na ganye da sauran tushen, suna cin 'ya'yan itace da fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Da rana, dabbobi suna hutawa a cikin mafakarsu, kuma da dare sukan tashi sama don cin ɓangarorin tsire-tsire masu iska.
Kamar:
- tsiron tsire-tsire;
- kowane irin ganye;
- 'ya'yan itacen da suka fadi;
- iri daban-daban.
Ba kamar sauran berayen bera ba, waɗanda ke ɓoyewa kawai a cikin rami, berayen bamboo da sauri suna samun abinci, suna haɓaka tsawon ramin burbushinsu a wuraren da ciyawar ciyawa ke tsaye. Bayan ya gama nibbasa shuka, dabbar zata toshe ramin daga ciki tare da abin toshewa daga kasa. Wannan ƙwarewar a fannin abinci mai gina jiki yana ba da dama don ingantaccen tushen abinci mai daidaituwa, guje wa gasa.
Bugu da kari, beraye na iya buya da sauri a cikin rami mai zurfi. Berayen bamboo galibi suna zama a lambunan shayi kuma suna gina burrowi da tsarin rami a waɗannan yankuna, suna lalata waɗannan albarkatun tare da haifar musu da cutar da ba za a iya magance ta ba. Wadannan berayen an san su da kyawawan halaye, masu iya cin abinci iri-iri. Da daddare, zaka iya jin fitowar berayen bera da ke ƙoƙari su cika cikin su da harbe-harbe mai zaki.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Bamboo bera a cikin ramin
Bera mai gora yana nitsar da kasa daidai da tafin hannu da na ciki, yana shirya hadadden tsarin motsawa, wanda yake bunkasa koyaushe ta hanyar rikita shi da tsawaita su. Ba kamar beran gora na kasar Sin ba, sauran jinsin halittar ba sa zuwa yankunan ciyawa, sai dai ga itacen igiyar bamboo da ke samar da babban abincin abincin su. Da yamma, berayen bera sukan bar masaukinsu don su ci ciyayi. Yayin da suke cikin bauta, aiki ya kai kololuwar sanyin safiya ko maraice, kuma suna yin bacci mafi yawan yini.
Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna kabbara a wuraren ciyawa, dazuzzuka da lambuna. Ana yin tono ba kawai da ƙafafunsu masu ƙarfi ba, amma kuma tare da taimakon manyan abubuwan ciki. Mutum ɗaya na iya gina ramuka da yawa, amma zai rayu cikin guda ɗaya kawai. Ramin da aka gina masu sauki ne kuma sun haɗa da ɗakin nesting mai manufa mai yawa. Wadannan ramin karkashin kasa galibi suna da zurfin gaske. Fiye da mita hamsin na motsawa da aka yi ƙarƙashin ƙasa ya faɗi akan mutum ɗaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ratsananan berayen gora suna motsawa a hankali lokacin da suke saman ƙasa kuma ana cewa ba su da tsoro idan abokan gaba suka tunkaresu.
Neman irin wannan labyrinths din ya zama dole ga rodent ya sami abinci kuma ya samar da wani abin dogaro. Suna motsa ƙasa da aka haƙa tare da gabansu gaba da ƙarkashin ciki, yayin da da gabansu kuma suke jefa ta baya. Tushen da ke cizon haƙora. Lokacin tonowa, ana ƙirƙirar tarin ƙasa, wanda beran gora ke motsawa tare da bakinsa da ramuka tare da kabarin. Waɗannan berayen suna ɓoye gidansu a cikin manyan tsirrai da tsire-tsire.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Bera bamboo bera
Bera mai gora na iya yin kiwo duk shekara, amma sau ɗaya a shekara, aƙalla biyu idan yanayi ya yarda. Kololuwar kiwo yayin damuna. Mace takan kawo daga yara 1 zuwa 5 makafi da tsirara jarirai. Suna girma kuma suna samun nauyi sosai da sauri. Ciki yakai makonni shida ko bakwai. Berayen bera suna iya haifuwa watanni 5-8 bayan haihuwa. Sabbin jarirai, kamar yawancin sauran beraye, basa bude idanuwansu har sai sunkai kwana 15.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yaran yara basu da gashi saboda yawancin lokacin ciyarwar. Yaye da independenceancin kai daga uwaye yana faruwa ne a cikin makonni 3-4.
Tunda maza suna kwaɗaita da mace ɗaya sannan su koma na gaba, ba sa ba da gudummawa sosai don kula da ƙananan berayen. Droanƙarar ruwa na samari basu da ƙarfi na kimanin makonni 2, har sai da gashinsu ya fara girma, idanunsu a buɗe, kuma suna yin aiki da motsi sosai. Yaye yana tare da ƙoƙari daga ɓangaren uwa. Har sai berayen gora sun kai matsayin girman su, sun kasance a cikin gidan mahaifiyarsu.
Balaga tsakanin maza da maza ya faru ne tun kafin a basu damar shiga cikin jima'i. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa akwai gasa mai yawa don samun damar mace a cikin ƙirar ƙira kuma ƙananan ƙananan mutane waɗanda ba su da iko sosai suna da wuyar ɗaukar hankalin kishiyar jinsi. Mata suna yin gida daga tsummoki a wani yanki mai nisa na ramin, inda aka haifi tinan ƙanana da yawa marasa ƙarfi.
Abokan gaba na bera mai gora
Photo: Yaya bera mai gora yake
Sanannun masu farautar berayen bamboo sun bambanta dangane da yanayin su. Ofaya daga cikin yiwuwar karbuwa akan masu farautar shine canjin launi a cikin wannan jinsin da salon rayuwar dare. Wasu shaidu sun nuna cewa launi yana da alaƙa da yanayin ƙasa kuma saboda haka ikon iya kasancewa mara shahara sosai a cikin yankin.
Kari kan haka, berayen gora sukan kasance masu zafin rai ga mazaunan su kuma suna kare su ta duk wata hanya da suke da ita. Bincike ya nuna cewa mutanen da aka kama C. badius suna yin amfani da yanayin tsoratarwa don nuna sha'awar su ta kare kansu. Berayen bamboo suna tsaye a kan ƙafafun kafa na baya kuma suna baje kolin abubuwan da ke ciki.
Mafi yuwuwa kuma a halin yanzu sanannun masu farautar berayen bamboo sune:
- karnuka (Canidae);
- manyan mujiya (Strigiformes);
- feline (Felidae);
- kadangaru (Lacertilia);
- macizai (Macizai);
- kerkeci (Canis);
- foxes (Vulpes);
- mutane (Homo Sapiens).
A Kudancin China, Laos da Myanmar, mutane na cin berayen gora. Bugu da kari, mutane suna lalata adadi mai yawa na berayen bamboo na kasar Norway kamar kwari. Hakanan za'a iya farautar su ta kowace dabba mai cin nama, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda ke rayuwa tare da su.
Wasu jinsunan bera ana daukar su mafi girman kwari na dabbobi masu shayarwa a kowane lokaci. Sun yi sanadin mutuwar mutane fiye da kowane yaƙi a tarihi. An yi amannar cewa cututtukan da bera ke haddasawa sun kashe mutane a cikin shekaru 1000 da suka gabata fiye da duk yaƙe-yaƙe da juyi da aka taɓa yi. Suna ciyar da ƙoshin ƙashi da ƙuma waɗanda ke ɗauke da annoba ta bubonic, typhus, trichinosis, tularemia, cututtukan jaundice, da sauran cututtuka masu tsanani.
Beraye kuma suna haifar da babbar illa ga dukiya, gami da amfanin gona, lalatawa da gurɓatar ajiyar abincin mutane, da lalata ciki da waje na gine-gine. An kiyasta cewa beraye na lalata biliyoyin daloli ga al’ummar duniya a kowace shekara. Koyaya, cutar daga berayen bamboo ƙanƙane ne.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Bamboo Bera
Yawan ƙauyuka masu ƙarancin ƙarfi ya fi mutane dubu biyu da rabi a kowace murabba'in kilomita 1. An tsara wannan nau'in azaman reataramar Barazana ta inarewa saboda yaɗuwa da yaɗuwa da kuma tsammanin yawan jama'a.
Hakan na faruwa ne a wasu wurare masu kariya, yana da juriya kan canjin wurin zama kuma da wuya ya ƙi saurin isa don cancanta da shiga cikin rukunin masu barazanar. An yi imanin dabbobin suna cikin wuraren kariya a Indiya da Nepal.
A Indiya haka yake:
- Dakin Tsuntsar Dumpa na Dumpa;
- yanayin ajiye Mizoram.
A Nepal haka yake:
- Royal Chitwan National Park, (Tsakiyar Nepal);
- Makarantar Kasa ta Makalu Barun, (Gabas ta Gabas).
An jera wannan nau'in a cikin Layi na V (wanda ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin kwaro) na dokar kiyaye namun daji ta Indiya tun 1972. Ana buƙatar ci gaba da bincike kan rarrabawa, yalwa, yanayin ƙasa da barazanar waɗannan ƙananan maganganun da ba a san su ba. Studiesarin karatun haraji yana nuna cewa wannan harajin na iya ƙunsar nau'ikan da yawa, wanda za'a buƙaci yin bita game da Red List kimantawa.
Gabaɗaya, beran gora wanda ake amfani dashi sosai a wasu yankuna don samar da abinci, kuma, musamman, wasu alƙaluma na iya raguwa saboda yawan girbi. Hakanan an lalata shi azaman kwaro akan gonakin roba a sassan kewayonsa (kamar Myanmar), inda za'a same shi a cikin ɗumbin dabbobi har zuwa 600 a kowace kadada. A Kudancin Asiya, yana fuskantar barazanar gida saboda asarar muhalli, wutar daji da farautar berayen gora don amfanin ƙasa.
Ranar bugawa: 08/14/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 14.08.2019 a 21:22
