Moray - kifi maras tabbas Suna da ban sha'awa don yanayin jikinsu da kuma salon rayuwar da ba a saba gani ba, amma a lokaci guda, da yawa suna jin tsoransu ya firgita. Moray eels ana kiwo a gida, yana daidaita su a cikin akwatinan ruwa. Moray eels yana da salon rayuwa na musamman da halayen mutum wanda ya cancanci koya game dashi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Murena
Moray eels na dangin kifi ne mai rai-rai, tsari na eels. Babban dangi na moray eels shine eels da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri. A waje, waɗannan kifin suna kama da maciji, amma suna da girma kai. Akwai sigar da ke nuna cewa moray eels bai fito daga kakannin kakanni tare da kifi ba, amma daga tetrapods - masu amphibians masu ƙafa huɗu. Legsafafunsu sun tashi daga fika, kuma saboda yanayin rayuwar da aka gauraya (ta ƙasa da ruwa), an fara rage ƙafafun baya zuwa ƙashin ƙugu, sannan suka ɓace baki ɗaya.
Bidiyo: Murena
Wannan fasalin jikin yana iya canzawa ta hanyar juyin halitta ta ruwa mara zurfi tare da raƙuman ruwa da yawa, duwatsu da duwatsu tare da kwazazzabai. Jikin moray eels ya dace sosai don shiga cikin ƙananan matsuguni kuma a lokaci guda baya ƙyale waɗannan kifin su sami ci gaba mai sauri, wanda ba lallai ba ne a cikin zurfin ruwa. Tetrapods suna da halaye iri ɗaya. Sun zauna kusa da gawarwakin ruwa. Yawan abinci a cikin ruwa ya tilasta musu fita zuwa ƙasa ƙasa da ƙasa, saboda wanda, sakamakon haka, zasu iya rikidewa zuwa moray eels. Kodayake ba a tabbatar da asalin moray eels ba kuma magana ce ta rikici.
Duk moels da eels suna da siffofi da yawa waɗanda suke cikin kowane mutum:
- jiki ya daɗe, ba ya taɓar zuwa ƙarshen;
- da siffar da aka daidaita;
- babban kai tare da furucin muƙamuƙi;
- aƙalla jere ɗaya na haƙori;
- babu ƙashin ƙugu;
- motsa, lankwasawa cikin jiki, kamar macizai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan ka'idar asalin moray eels daga tetrapods tayi daidai, to daya daga cikin dangi mafi kusa da kifin shine kada da kifi. Wannan wataƙila an ba shi irin wannan tsarin jaw ɗin.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya moray eel yayi kama?
Moray eels yana da girma da launuka daban-daban, waɗanda mazaunin wani mutum ke ƙaddara su. Ba a san yawan adadin raƙuman moray eels ba saboda kusan kamannin halittar waɗannan kifaye, saboda haka, masana kimiyya suka banbanta daga nau'ikan nau'ikan 85 zuwa 206. Moray eels yana da tsayin 10 cm zuwa mita daya da rabi. Akwai mutanen da suka fi girma - nau'ikan ƙananan ƙirar moray suna iya kai tsayin mita huɗu, kuma suna da nauyin fiye da kilogiram 30. Matasan moray sau da yawa galibi suna da launuka masu haske tare da furanni rawaya, ja ko kore, tare da ɗigon baƙin baki da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai maɗaukakin maɗaukaki wanda ya fi girma girma - Strophidon sathete. Wannan kifin mai zurfin-ruwa ya dan bambanta da sauran nau'ikan moray da ke jikin mutum (yana kama da kifin maciji, ba shimfida shi ba), amma yana rayuwa ne a zurfin. Tsayinsa wani lokacin yakan wuce 5 m.
A cikin manya, launi ya bambanta, amma koyaushe sake kamanni. Mafi sau da yawa yana da jikin baƙar fata tare da ƙananan raƙuman rawaya da yawa. Amma mafi yawan lokuta launi yana tsaka tsaki - baƙi ko launin toka, tare da fararen launuka ko wuraren duhu. Ciki na moray eels, kamar na sauran kifin, ya fi jiki haske kuma ba shi da kwatanci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Leopard moray eel yana da sunansa daidai saboda launi: raga mai launin rawaya mai rawaya a kan dukkan sassan jiki.
An kwantar da jikin daga bangarorin, an shimfida shi cikin wani nau'in kintinkiri. Moray eels an rufe shi da gamsai, wanda ke basu damar hawa ko da ƙananan ramuka ba tare da cutar da jiki a kan duwatsu masu kaifi ba. Wasu lokuta wannan gamsai na da dafi, wanda ke kare kifin daga masu farauta da masu cutarwa. A mafi yawan nau'ikan, doguwar dorsal an miƙe akan dukkan jiki daga kai zuwa jela. Moray eels ba zai iya haɓaka saurin gudu ba, amma fin ɗin yana ba su damar zama mafi motsi da motsi. Moray eels suna da jaw mai faɗi da haƙoran hakora masu yawa, kama da sifar shark.
Ina moray eel yake rayuwa?
Photo: Moray kifi
Moray eels suna rayuwa ta sirri, suna zama a cikin manyan duwatsu, duwatsu, manyan abubuwa. Suna zaɓar matattun kunkoki, a ciki suke yin masauki na ɗan lokaci kuma suna jiran ganima. Moray eels na kowa ne a duk ruwan dumi, kuma ana iya samun nau'ikan jinsuna a cikin wasu tekuna. Misali, a cikin jan teku: dusar ƙanƙara moray eels, geometric moray eels, kyawawa moray eels, tauraron moray eels, zebra moray eels, farin-tabo moray eels. Ana iya samun nau'ikan nau'ikan moray eels a cikin tekun Indiya, Pacific da Atlantic.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Katuwar moray eel tana da haƙoran haƙori guda biyu da ke cikin maƙogwaro. Zasu iya matsawa gaba don kwasar ganima da jan shi kai tsaye zuwa cikin hanjin hanji.
Moray eels na thermophilic ne kuma yana zaune a yankuna kusa da ƙasa, amma wani lokacin ana iya samun su a cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Eray din Moray shima ana kirar shi azaman kifin akwatin kifaye, amma suna da matukar wahalar kiyayewa. Ruwa na akwatin kifin na ƙaramin moels uku ya zama aƙalla lita 800, yayin da kuna buƙatar shirya cewa moels na iya girma har zuwa mita ɗaya a tsayi. Adon akwatin kifaye abu ne na dole - da yawa matsuguni maɗaukaki waɗanda moray zai iya ɓoyewa a ciki. Fauna na irin wannan akwatin kifaye yana da mahimmanci. Moray eels ya dogara ne da yanayin halittu wanda dole ne ya ƙunshi kifin kifi da wasu kifaye masu tsabta. Zai fi kyau a zabi kayan halitta don sake tsugunarwa, guje wa filastik da karafa.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami wannan baƙon baƙin. Bari mu gani idan moray eel yana da haɗari ga mutane.
Menene moray eel yake ci?
Photo: Kifin teku moray eel
Moray eels suna da yakinin masu farauta. Mafi yawan lokuta, a shirye suke su ci duk abin da ke kusa da su, don haka maƙwabta na iya afkawa mutum.
Ainihin, abincin su ya haɗa da:
- kifaye daban-daban;
- dorinar ruwa, kifin kifi, squid;
- duk kayan kwalliya;
- urchins na teku, ƙaramin kifi.
Hanyar farautar moray eels ba sabon abu bane. Suna zaune kwanton-bauna suna jiran haƙuri don abin da suke ganima don ya hau kansu. Don yin hakan da wuri-wuri, moray eels yana da tubes na hanci - suna fitowa daga hancin hancin kuma suna tafiya a hankali, suna kwaikwayon bayyanar tsutsotsi. Abin farautar ya yi iyo kai tsaye zuwa hanci na moray eel, yana lura da mai kama da kamanni.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai kifaye waɗanda molay eels ke da abokantaka da su - waɗannan masu tsabtace jiki ne da shrimps masu shayarwa waɗanda ke tsabtace ɓoyayyun ƙwayoyin cuta masu yuwuwar cuta kuma suna cire tarkacen abinci daga bakinta.
Moray eel yana yin kaifi lokacin da ganima take a zahiri a hancinta. Daban-daban nau'ikan moray suna amfani da kumburin waje ko na ciki don jifa. Muƙamuƙin ciki yana cikin pharynx, shima yana da hakora kuma yana faɗaɗa lokacin da aka jefa shi. Tare da taimakon muƙamuƙi na ciki, kifin yana jan ganima zuwa cikin hanta. Moray eels basu san yadda ake taunawa da cizo ba - suna haɗiye wanda aka yiwa duka. Godiya ga zamewar jikinsu ba tare da sikeli ba, suna iya yin doguwar, saurin jefawa wanda baya cutar dasu ta kowace hanya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abu mara kyau sosai, yayin da moray ke farautar dorinar ruwa. Suna kusantar dorinar ruwa kuma a hankali suke cinye shi, suna tsattsagewa gunduwa-gunduwa.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, ana ciyar da eray moray da kifin abinci na musamman. Zai fi kyau a kiyaye kifin da rai kuma a ajiye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye na kusa. Amma ana iya koyar da moray eels ga daskararren abinci: cephalopods, shrimp da sauran abinci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Moray
Moray eels yana rayuwa shi kadai, kodayake yana iya zama kamar suna cikin garken tumaki. Da rana, suna ɓoyewa a cikin kwazazzabansu da kuma tsakanin murjani, a wasu lokuta suna ciyarwa. Da daddare, moray eels suna jagorantar salon rayuwa, suna iyo har zuwa farauta. Moray eel babban mai farauta ne. Yin iyo a cikin dare a tsakanin kogin murjani, tana cin duk abin da za ta iya kaiwa. Moray eels ba safai yake bin farauta saboda jinkirinsu ba, amma wani lokacin suna bin abincin da suka fi so - dorinar ruwa.
Yawancin igiyoyin moray ba sa yin zurfin zurfin sama da mita 50, kodayake akwai nau'ikan raƙuman ruwa masu zurfin teku. Wasu nau'in moray suna da ikon haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran kifaye. Misali, babban moray eel da yardar rai yana aiki tare da bahar. A perch ya sami ɓoyayyen dusar ƙanƙara da kifin kifin, moray ya ci wani ɓangare na ganima, kuma ya ba da ɓangaren ga ɓarna a cikin sifa mara kyau.
Arfin maimaita moray eel, ƙaramin asirin ya zama. Tsohon moray eels na iya iyo don farauta koda da rana. Har ila yau, suna zama masu saurin fushi da tsufa. Tsohon moray eels yana da saukin kamuwa da cin naman mutane - suna iya cin kananan yara. Akwai lokuta da yawa na tashin hankali da ke afkawa mutane. Wadannan kifin suna nuna ta'adi idan mutane suna kusa, amma kada ku afka musu da gangan. Ta irin harin, suna kama da bulldogs: moray eels yana manne a jiki kuma baya buɗe muƙamuƙinsa har sai sun yaga yanki. Amma bayan shayar da ɗan moray eel baya shawagi, amma ya sake mannewa.
A ƙa'ida, moray eels basa nuna zalunci ga juna kuma ba dabbobi ne na yanki ba. Suna cikin nutsuwa suna zama cikin maƙwabta, ba tare da jin wata gasa ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Moray eels a cikin teku
Lokacin kiwo na moray eels yana faduwa a lokacin lokacin hunturu - kusan Disamba ko Fabrairu, gwargwadon yanayin zafin ruwan. Moray eels suna iyo a cikin ruwa mara ƙaranci, suna barin matsugunansu. A can suka tsiro, wanda nan da nan suka tashi, suna iyo don ciyarwa. Bayan mata, maza suna ninkaya zuwa wurin kwanciya. Suna yin takin kwai, amma a lokaci guda suna aikata shi cikin rudani da kuskure, don haka kamawa ɗaya na iya haɗuwa da maza da yawa. Ana kiran lardin Moray eel leptocephals.
Moray eel larvae, wanda aka ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai a cikin kimanin makonni biyu, ana ɗauke da na yanzu tare da plankton. Ananan moray eels basu fi 10 mm girma ba, saboda haka suna da rauni sosai - ba fiye da moray ɗaya a cikin ɗari da ke raye ga baligi. Moray eels ya kai ga balagar jima'i kawai yana da shekaru shida. Saboda canjin yanayi, mutanen da suke shirye don kiwo suka ki sanya kwai, saboda ba sa jin farkon hunturu. Wannan yana haifar da raguwar adadin moray eels. A cikin duka, moray eels suna rayuwa cikin daji na kimanin shekaru 36; a gida, tsawon rai na iya ƙaruwa zuwa 50.
Sake bugun moray eels a gida yana da rikitarwa. Masu kiwo na sirri ba sa iya samar da yanayi don moray eels wanda ya dace don ƙirƙirar kama. Abokan moray sau da yawa suna cin ƙwai nasu ko ƙin sanya su kwata-kwata. Samun haihuwa na moray eels ana aiwatar dashi ta ƙwararrun masana waɗanda ke dasa kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye don kwanciya.
Abokan gaba na moray eels
Photo: Moray kifi
Moray eels yakan kasance a saman jerin kayan abinci, don haka basu da abokan gaba na asali. Ya danganta da nau'ikan da girman su, maharan daban daban zasu iya kawo musu hari, amma wannan na iya juya musu. Giant moray eels na iya kai hari ga masharran kifayen kansu yayin da suke ƙoƙari su farma eray. Moray eels ba sa iya haɗiye kifin kifin kifi, don haka a mafi kyau zai ciji yanki daga gare shi, bayan haka kifin zai mutu daga zubar jini.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An yi amfani da dabbobin ni'ima don azabtar da masu laifi a tsohuwar Rome - an saukar da mutum a cikin tafkin da mayun moray masu yunwa za su raba shi.
An shigar da karar wani katuwar moray eel da ya auka wa wata dabbar kifi, bayan haka sai kifin ya tsere. Akwai hare-hare akai-akai ta manya-manyan mayaƙan ruwa da masu bazuwar ruwa, kuma wannan nau'in yana da rikici, don haka ba ma buƙatar tsokana. Abokan moray sau da yawa suna farautar dorinar ruwa, amma wani lokacin basa kirga karfinsu. Ba kamar moray eels ba, dorinar ruwa suna daga cikin halittun ruwa masu hankali. Manyan dorinar ruwa na iya karewa daga maƙarƙashiya da kai musu hari har sai sun ji rauni mai tsanani ko ma kashe su. Octopus da moray eels ana daukar su mafiya girman makiya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya moray eel yayi kama?
Moray eels basu taɓa gab da halaka ba. Ba su da darajar abinci mai gina jiki ga masu cin abincin teku kuma rayuwa ce ta cikin ruwa mai haɗari. Babu wani kamun kifi mai ma'ana don moray eels, amma wani lokacin mutane na kama mutane don cin abinci. Moray eels ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne na abinci. Ta hanyar kwatankwacin kifin puffer, dole ne a shirya shi da kyau, tunda wasu gabobin moray eels ko moray na wasu ƙananan nau'ikan na iya zama guba. Moray eels na iya haifar da ciwon ciki, zubar jini na ciki da lalacewar jijiya.
Sanannen abinci shine moray eel ceviche. Ana narkar da moray eel a cikin lemun tsami ko ruwan lemon, sa'annan a yankashi gunduwa-gunduwa da shi tare da sauran abincin kifi. Wannan abincin yana da matukar hatsari, saboda danyen naman moray yana iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau. Kodayake an lura cewa naman moray eel yana da taushi sosai, yana da dandano kamar eel. Ana ajiye moray eels a gida. Halinsu a cikin akwatinan ruwa na iya zama daban, musamman idan moray eels yana da ƙira a wurin, kuma ba masu kiwo ne ke kiwon shi ba. Wasu lokuta ana iya ganin su a cikin akwatinan ruwa na cibiyoyin siye da siyayya, amma moray eels basa rayuwa acan sama da shekaru goma saboda tsananin damuwa.
Moray yana tunkude wasu mutane da kamannin sa, amma yana birge wasu da kyawawan motsin sa da kuma mutuwarsa. Koda karamin ɗan moray zai iya tsayawa a saman sarkar abinci ba tare da jin tsoron manyan masu farauta da sharks ba. Moray eels suna da nau'ikan da yawa, sun bambanta da launi da girman su, wasu ana iya ajiye su a gida cikin sauƙi.
Ranar bugawa: 07/29/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 07/29/2019 a 22:47
