Narwhal yana da suna na tsakiya, ana kiran shi teku unicorn, kuma wannan nadin ba haɗari bane. Wadannan dabbobin suna da wani yanayi mai ban mamaki, na musamman wanda ya baiwa masu binciken mamaki kuma yaci gaba da mamakin hakan har zuwa yau. Dabbobi ne masu hankali da ƙwarewa waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin sassan duniya mafi sanyi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Narwhal
Narwhals dabbobi masu shayarwa ne na dangi kuma sune asalin narwhals - kawai wakilan jinsin su. Narwhals halittu ne na dabbobi - dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suka sami cikakkiyar fahimta da rayuwa a cikin ruwa.
Yana da wahala a tabbatar da asalin narwhals, tunda ba a sami kakanninsu ba da za su sami irin wannan hauren da ya tsiro daga kan narwhals din ba. Mafi kusancin dangi na narwhals shine beluga, suna da tsari iri daya na tsarin mulki, banda tsarin ramin baka.
Bidiyo: Narwhal
Cetaceans suna da yawa iri ɗaya tare da artiodactyls. Dangane da lambar kwayar halitta, suna kusa da hippos, don haka ana iya sanya cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa na Mesonichia sun kasance tsoffin magabatan narwhals. Wadannan dabbobin suna kama da kerkvesci, amma suna da kofato biyu.
Mesonychia ya rayu a gefen bakin teku kuma ya ci kifi, crustaceans da molluscs. Irin wannan abincin ya tilasta wa dabbobi yawanci su shiga cikin ruwa ko kuma su zauna cikin gulbin. Jikunansu sun canza a ƙarƙashin salon rayuwar ruwa - ingantaccen tsarin jikinsu, an kafa wutsiyoyi masu gauraye. Hancin dukkan dabbobi na dabino suna can baya - suna aiwatar da ayyukanda daidai da na hancin dabbobin ƙasar.
Gaskiyar wasa: Tuskhal tusk lamari ne mai ban mamaki na juyin halitta. Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka fahimci abin da ya sa wannan dabba take bukatarsa, za a rufe tambayoyi da yawa game da asalin narwhal.
Me yasa narwhal bashi da fin fin har ila yau kuma tambayar budewa ce. Wataƙila, saboda mazaunin arewacin, fin ya rage - ba shi da dadi lokacin yin iyo a saman, kusa da wani layin kankara. Abubuwan da ke cikin dabbobin cetaceans suna da tsari mai rauni, saboda haka narwhals zai iya sauƙaƙe su sau da yawa akan kankara mai kauri.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya narwhal yake
Narwhals dabbobi ne masu girman gaske - nauyinsu na iya wuce tan, kuma jikin maza ya kai mita 6 a tsayi. Yawancin narwhal mai ƙiba ne, wanda ke kiyaye dabba daga sanyi kuma ya ba ta damar cin abinci na dogon lokaci.
A cikin narwhals, ana lura da dimpimphism na jima'i: maza sun ninka mata girma sau ɗaya da rabi. A waje, duk mutane suna kama da kifayen kifi, dolphins da kifin takobi saboda doguwar "ƙahon" su. Suna da babban, zagaye kai tare da wuya mai sassauƙa, kamar belugas. Babu fin a baya, jiki yana santsi, yana daidaitawa, wanda ke bawa narwhal damar haɓaka saurin gudu. Launin narwhals iri ɗaya ne: yana da shuɗi mai launin toka, an rufe shi da ɗigon duhu da baƙi, waɗanda galibi suna kan baya da kai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saboda launi, narwhals sun sami sunan su - daga yaren Sweden "narwhal" shine "whale cadaveric", tunda launin nasu ya tunatar da masu gano wuraren da aka binne gawa.
Bakin narwhals karami ne, matsattse, hakora ba su ciki a ciki, ban da wasu haƙoran sama na sama, kwatankwacin ɓacin rai. Hakorin hagu na hagu na namiji ya juya zuwa ga irin wannan hakin da ya yanke ta cikin kwanyar ya girma zuwa karkace har zuwa tsawon m 3. Nauyin irin wannan hawan zai iya kaiwa kilo 10. Mata suna da irin wannan hauren, kodayake ba su da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gidan kayan tarihin Hamburg na dauke da kokon kan mace narwhal mai hauka biyu.
Haƙƙarfan narwhal na musamman ne a cikin tsarinsa: yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana da sassauƙa a lokaci guda. Saboda haka, ba shi yiwuwa a karya shi - kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari mai girma. Masana kimiyya ba su san dalilin da ya sa narwhals ke buƙatar ƙwanƙwasa ba. Akwai sigar da za ta iya jan hankalin mata a lokacin saduwar aure, amma fa ba za a sami irin waɗannan hauren a cikin matan ba kwata-kwata.
Wani fasalin shine tus din yanki ne mai matukar tasiri wanda ke iya gano yanayin zafin ruwa da matsi. Akasin abin da mutane suka yi imani da shi, narwhals ba sa yin yaƙi da hauren giwa kuma ba sa amfani da su a matsayin makamai, suna kula da su sosai.
Ina narwhal take rayuwa?
Hotuna: Sea Narwhal
Narwhals suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwan sanyi na Tekun Arewa, da kuma a Arewacin Atlantic.
Wuraren da aka fi haɗuwa da garken narwhals sune:
- Tsibirin Kanada;
- bakin tekun Greenland;
- Spitsbergen;
- Franz Josef Land (tun daga 2019);
- Sabuwar Duniya;
- kudu da Burtaniya (lokacin hunturu kawai);
- Yankin Murmansk;
- Tekun Bahar Maliya (har a lokacin hunturu);
- Tsibirin Bering
Duk da yankuna da yawa inda narwhals ke rayuwa, yawansu ya yi ƙasa ƙwarai. Wannan yaduwar ya wahalar da kallon narwhals, wanda shine yasa har yau wasu mutane na iya zama wadanda ke fama da mafarauta.
Narwhals suna jagorancin rayuwar garken dabbobi. Yawancin lokaci suna rayuwa a cikin zurfin, cikin motsi koyaushe. Tare da yara da tsofaffi, suna yin tafiyar kilomita goma a rana, don neman abinci. Narwhals suna tuna wuraren da akwai ramuka a cikin kankara don numfasawa.
Garkunan narwhals guda biyu suna da wuya sosai - ta amfani da maimaitawa, suna ƙayyade wurin juna kuma suna guje wa haɗuwa. Lokacin da suka hadu (sukan faru, galibi, a filayen hunturu), suna fitar da sautunan maraba, ba tare da dangi masu sabani ba.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun narwhal na teku. Bari muga me zai ci.
Me narwhal take ci?
Hoto: Narwhal, ko kuma unicorn na teku
Ilimin halittar jiki da salon rayuwa na narwhals yana basu damar zama masu cin nasara da cin nasara.
Abincin narwhal na yau da kullun ya hada da:
- zurfin-ƙananan ƙananan kifi - sun fi son mafi ƙarancin ƙashi, "mai laushi" kifi;
- molluscs, gami da cephalopods - dorinar ruwa, kifin kifi, squid;
- kayan kwalliya;
- kifaye daban-daban na arewa: halibut, cod, cod arctic, red perch.
Narwhals yawanci suna farauta a zurfin kilomita 1, kodayake sun fi so kada su ƙasa da mita 500. Idan garken ba su da abinci na dogon lokaci, ba sa fuskantar rashin jin daɗi daga wannan, sai dai su ciyar da wadatattun kayan abincinsu. Ba a taɓa samun Narwhals a gajiye ko yunwa ba.
Suna bincika abinci ta amfani da echolocation. Sauti yana birge abubuwa, daga cikinsu narwhals ke gane kifi ko wasu abubuwa masu yiwuwa. Sun afkawa wata makarantar kifi tare, suna kamo abinci daidai gwargwado tare da taimakon wuya mai motsi.
Idan abin farauta ya zama daya - dorinar ruwa ko squid, to, samari da mata masu shayarwa suna ciyarwa da farko, sannan tsofaffin mata, kuma a karshen ne kawai maza ke cin abinci. Duk lokacin narwhals suna ciyarwa don neman abinci.
Kamar belugas, haƙoran narwhal suna da ikon tsotse ruwa da yin harbi a cikin rafi mai tsayi. Narwhals suna amfani da wannan ƙarfin don samun dorinar ruwa ko kuma ɓawon burodi daga ƙanƙanƙan raƙuman ruwa ko tsotse ƙananan kifi a cikin bakinsu.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Dabba narwhal
Narwhals rayayyun mutane ne masu son zaman lafiya. Sun fi son ruwan sanyi, amma a lokacin bazara, idan zafin ruwan ya sauka, sai su yi kaura kudu. A wannan lokacin, yawancin narwhal suna da ɗiya, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suma suke shiga cikin ruwan dumi.
Narwhals suna cinye mafi yawan lokacinsu a ƙarƙashin kankara. Wani lokaci, ana iya ganin dogayen hauren maza, waɗanda suka yi sama zuwa ramin kankara don shaƙar iskar oxygen, sannan kuma su sake komawa zurfin. Idan ramin an rufe shi da kankara, manyan narwhals na maza suna fasa shi da kai, amma ba da haurensu ba.
Narwhals, kamar dolphins, suna zaune cikin garken mutane kusan mutum goma. Maza suna ware daga mata. Narwhals suna sadarwa tare da sigina daban-daban na sauti da amsa kuwwa, amma ba a san takamaiman adadin siginar sauti ba. Zamu iya amincewa da tabbaci cewa kifayen kifayen kifayen, dolphins da whale suna da irin hanyar sadarwa.
Gaskiyar wasa: Kowane garken narwhal yana da nashi sautunan da sauran garken ba za su fahimta ba. Ya yi kama da yaruka daban-daban na yare ɗaya.
A lokacin bazara, narwhals suna ƙaura zuwa arewa, suna da ciki ko kuma suna da tsofaffin yaran. Wasu lokuta mazan da ba su da aure sukan yi iyo a nesa da garken - ba a san dalilin wannan halayyar ba, tunda narwhals ba sa fitar da zuriya daga garken. Wadannan dabbobin za su iya nitsewa zuwa zurfin mita 500. Ba tare da iska ba, zasu iya yin rabin sa'a, amma yaran suna fitowa suna numfashi kowane minti 20.
Narwhals ba sa kai hari kan sauran rayuwar ruwan teku ba tare da wani dalili ba. Hakanan ba sa zalunci ga mutane, amma, ba kamar dolphins da wasu kifayen ruwa ba, ba su da sha'awar su. Idan narwhals suka ga jirgin ruwan kusa da kayan, sun fi son a hankali ɓoyewa daga gani.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Narwhal Cub
Wasannin wasan kwaikwayo suna faɗuwa a lokacin bazara, amma yana da wuya a faɗi ainihin watan saboda yanayin canjin da yake canzawa. Narwhals suna zaɓar lokacin lokacin da tsayayyen zafin farko ya bayyana kuma zafin ruwan ya tashi.
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, narwhals na amana ne, amma wani lokacin akan sami daidaikun mutane. A lokacin kiwo, masu kadaici suna shiga garken inda akwai mata da maza. Mafi yawanci, mata tare da maza suna keɓewa da juna, suna iyo a ɗan nesa kaɗan, amma a cikin lokacin saduwa, duk narwhals sun ɓata zuwa babban rukuni guda, waɗanda zasu iya kai wa mutane 15.
Narwhals suna fara fitar da sautuna tare da kayan haɓakawa. Sautuka da yawa suna nuna shirye-shirye don saduwa da neman abokin tarayya - narwhals mata suna zaɓar maza wa kansu ta hanyar waƙa. Ba a lura da fitina a cikin maza a wannan lokacin, haka nan ma manyan maza tare da haƙƙin haƙƙin saduwa.
Rashin tsattsauran matsayi a cikin garken ya ba narwhals kyawawan halaye masu kyau na halitta, wanda hakan kuma, ke samar da kyakkyawan tushe don ci gaba da haifuwa da rarraba ta. Ciki ya mace na tsawon watanni 15. A sakamakon haka, sai ta haifi ɗiya ɗaya, wanda zai yi iyo kusa da mahaifiyarsa har zuwa shekaru 3-4. Da shekara 5-6, zai zama balagagge. Gabaɗaya, narwhals na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 60, amma ba sa zama cikin fursuna har shekara ɗaya.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan motsawar narwhals - suna iyo kusan goma kilomita a rana. Narwhals ma suna da ma'amala sosai, don haka ba za su iya zama a cikin bauta ba.
Abokan gaba na narwhals
Hoto: Narwhals a cikin tekun narwhal
Saboda girman su, narwhals ba su da abokan gaba na zahiri. Barazana guda ɗaya kawai ga waɗannan dabbobin mutane ta wakilta, wanda ya rinjayi adadin narwhals.
Wasu lokuta beyar na iya kama kambun narwhal yayin da suke iyo zuwa ramin kankara don shaƙa. Bears Belar ba sa farautar narwhal da gangan - kawai suna kallon polynya, suna jira, a matsayin ƙa'ida, don hatimai. Belar beyar ba za ta iya jan babban narwhal ba, amma yana iya ji masa rauni da muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi har sai dabbar ta mutu.
Idan narwhal ya tsere daga farmakin polar, zai fitar da sautin gargadi, yana nuna garken cewa akwai hadari. Garken suna zuwa wani rami. Saboda wannan dalili, numfashi na farko galibi namiji yake ɗaukar shi. Yayin lokacin kiwo, walruses na iya kai hari kan narwhals. Maza sun zama masu saurin tashin hankali, suna kai hare hare a zahiri duk abin da ke cikin ruwa. Narwhals sun fi walimar sauri, saboda haka suna watsi da irin waɗannan hare-haren.
Sharks na Arewa masu farauta ne masu matsakaici, amma suna yin barazana ga yara narwhals. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, maza suna korar kifayen, kuma mata suna kewaye da yara ƙanana, amma wasu lokuta masanan har yanzu suna samun ganima.
Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa babban maƙiyin narwhal shine mai kisan whale. Gaskiyar ita ce, kifayen kifayen da ba safai suke kai hari ga dabbobi masu shayarwa irin su whales da dolphins ba, tunda sun fito daga dangi daya. Flockungiyar garken kifi whales ne kawai ke kashe yunwa. Amma kifin whales masu tsananin farauta ne, kuma narwhals suna tsoron waɗannan dabbobi. Saboda wannan, narwhals sun fi son zama a cikin yankunan arewacin, suna zaɓar ƙananan fjords inda manyan dabbobin daji ba su iyo.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Keith Narwhal
Tun zamanin da, narwhals sun kasance tushen nama da mai ga yan asalin yankin na Arewa mai Nisa. Mutane suna farautar narwhals, suna bakin aiki a polynya ko yin iyo a cikin ruwan sanyi a cikin kwale-kwale, ɗauke da makamai.
Har zuwa yanzu, an ba da izinin farautar narwhals ga mazaunan Far North, amma kawai ya kamata a zaɓi maza manya a matsayin ganima. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa musamman na kuliyoyi da narwhals har yanzu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar waɗannan mutane.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ana amfani da kitse na narwhals a matsayin man fitila, hanji mai ƙarfi ya zama tushen igiya, kuma an sassaka zane-zane da tukwici game da haƙori.
A cikin karni na 20, an hallaka narwhals sosai. Duk nau'ikan kayan magani an danganta su da naman su, kitse da hauren hauren, wanda shine dalilin da yasa narwhals suke da daraja sosai a kasuwa kuma ana siyar dasu masu tsada. Ta hanyar kwatankwacin hatimi na fur, kasuwa ta sami rarar lambobin yabo daga narwhals, don haka suka daina sayarwa da tsada.
Har yanzu akwai masu farauta. Adadin narwhals ya ragu sosai, kuma yanzu sun zama nau'in kariya. An haramta shi sosai don farautar mata da yara - dole ne a yi amfani da mazan da aka kama "ba tare da sharar gida ba," akwai wani keɓaɓɓen adadin don samar da waɗannan dabbobi, wanda aka ƙayyade ta lambar shekara-shekara.
Gurbacewar tekuna kuma yana mummunan tasiri ga yawan jama'a. Narwhals suna da matukar damuwa ga yanayin zafin ruwa da kuma tsabta, don haka rayuwar narwhals da ke rayuwa a cikin gurɓatattun wurare yana raguwa.
Narkewar kankara yana haifar da raguwar wadataccen abinci na narwhals, wanda kuma ya shafi rayuwarsu kuma ya tilasta musu yin ƙaura zuwa wasu wuraren da suke cin karo da kifayen kifayen kifayen kifi. Godiya ga tsananin kariya da sa ido akai-akai game da sanannun garken narwhals, lambobin su na ƙaruwa, kodayake har yanzu suna ƙasa da bala'i.
Kariyar Narwhal
Hotuna: Narwhals daga littafin Red
Narwhal an lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Ja a kan yankin ƙasar Rasha a matsayin ɗan ƙaramin abu, ƙaramin nau'in, halittar monotypic. Yanayin yana da rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa narwhals ba sa haƙuri da kamewa da kyau, saboda haka kiwo a cikin yanayi na musamman ba zai yiwu ba.
A watan Fabrairun 2019, an sami rukuni na narwhals 32 a arewacin yankin tsibirin Franz Josef, wanda ya haɗa da adadin maza, mata da maruƙa. Wasu gungun masana kimiyya ne suka gano shi daga Narwhal. Labarin Arctic ". Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa dabbobin sun zabi wajan zama da yankin kiwo na kansu. Babban godiya ga wannan rukunin, adadin narwhals a cikin Arctic yana ƙaruwa. Masana kimiyya na ci gaba da sanya ido kan waɗannan mutane, an kiyaye garken daga mafarauta.
Ana amfani da sakamakon wannan balaguron ne don nazarin natsuwa na halayyar narwhals don ƙara taimakawa cikin kiyaye nau'in. Tuni akwai bayani game da kimanin lambobin, yanayin ƙaura, lokutan kiwo da wuraren da narwhal ya zama gama gari. An shirya bincike har zuwa hunturu 2022. Suna haɗuwa da RAS Institute of Ecology and Evolution da Gazprom Neft, wanda ke da sha'awar shirin Arctic Time.
Narwhal - dabba mai ban mamaki da wuya. Su ne kawai membobin ire-irensu da ke jagorantar keɓantaccen, zaman lafiya. Oƙarin masana kimiyya da naturalan halitta sun mai da hankali ne kan kiyayewar waɗannan dabbobi, tunda kare jama'a a cikin daji ita ce kawai damar da za a kiyaye wannan nau'in na daban.
Ranar bugawa: 07/29/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.08.2019 a 22:32
