Idan aka kalli wannan mai ba da izinin, yanayin yakan tashi, saboda wartsakewarsa, wadatacce, launin kore yana mai ba da kuzari da farantawa ido rai. Don yawancin masoya na terrarium boa mai hana ruwa gudu - nema ne kawai, don haka kusan kowane ɗayansu yayi mafarkin samun kyakkyawan ɗan kwalliya a cikin tarin su. Bari mu binciki duk mahimman abubuwan rayuwar wannan dabba mai rarrafe, farawa daga bayanan waje kuma mu ƙare da matsayin yawan jama'arta.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Kare-kai boa
Har ila yau, ana kiransa mai ba da izinin kare kare-kore. Irin wannan ma'anar azaman emerald shima ana danganta shi zuwa gareshi. Wannan dabba mai rarrafe ba dafi ba ce kuma ta kasance cikin dangin masarufi, irin na boas mai tsananin kunci. Launuka suna mamaye gabaɗaya, mai ɗaci, mai sautin kore mai haske, wanda ke sa baƙo mai ƙarancin kyau da almubazzaranci. A cikin Latin, ana kiran wannan mai ba da izinin ruwa Corallus caninus. Hannun halittar Corallus ya kunshi nau'ikan jinsuna guda uku, sun sha bamban da juna bisa wasu ka'idoji. Ofayan waɗannan rukunin ya haɗa da mai ba da izinin kare kare-kai.
Bidiyo: Mai ba da izinin kare
Shahararren masanin kimiyyar Sweden Karl Linnaeus ne ya fara gano shi, wanda ya bayyana wannan halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe a karni na 18. Dangane da cewa an haifi samarin wannan macijin a launi mai launi, an sanya jinsin a cikin jinsin halittar Corallus, bayan da aka samar mata da karin maganar "caninus", wanda ke nufin "kare".
A bayyane yake dalilin da yasa ake kiran boge constricor arboreal, yana jagorantar irin wannan salon, yana fifita yin kusan komai ba tare da sauka daga rassan ba. Ana la'akari da emerald saboda kyakkyawan launi. Tambayar ta taso: "Me yasa ake kira mai rarrafe mai karen-kai?" Amsar mai sauki ce - kansa yana kama da surar kare, musamman idan ka kalleshi daga gefe. Dogayen hakoran da ke saman muƙamuƙin suna kama da canines na kare.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tsawon haƙoran koren bishiya suna iya zama daga 4 zuwa 5 cm, saboda haka cizon sa yana da matukar damuwa, kodayake ba mai dafi ba ne.
Amma girman halittu masu rarrafe, ba su kai girman haƙoransa ba; matsakaicin tsayin jikin mai ba da izinin zai iya zama daga 2 zuwa 2.8 m.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Kare-kai boa
Jiki na mai ba da izinin kare kare yana da ƙarfi sosai, an ɗan daidaita shi a gefunan. Kan yana da girma tare da toshe bakin da idanu zagaye. An shirya ɗaliban dabbobi masu rarrafe a tsaye.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Musculature na boa constrictor ya bunkasa sosai, saboda lokacin farauta, yana amfani da dabarar shaƙa mai tasiri, daga ƙaƙƙarfan rungumar da ba za ku iya tserewa ba.
Ana kiran Pseudopods da suna saboda suna da sauran nau'ikan naƙasussu na baya (rudiments), ƙafafu ne waɗanda ke fitowa a gefen dubura. Wannan dangin suna da raunin ƙasusuwa da huhu, kuma ɓangaren dama yakan fi na hagu tsawo. Hakoran boa masu ƙarfi suna da ƙarfi kuma sun tanƙwara baya, suna girma a kan ɓarke da ƙasusuwa. Manyan haƙoran hammata masu motsi na sama sunyi gaba, saboda haka suna yin kyakkyawan aiki na riƙe duk wani abinci, koda kuwa an rufe shi da fuka-fukai.
Canza launi na mai ba da kariya ga kare shine, da farko dai, sake kamanni mara izini. Ba koyaushe yana da wadataccen launin koren haske ba, akwai lokuta na kore mai duhu, kusa da launin zaituni ko Emerald, wasu, akasin haka, suna da sautin haske. Mafi yawan launuka masu launin kore an shafe su da fararen fata, wanda ke baya. A cikin wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe, waɗannan farin tabo suna da wadataccen yanki, a wasu kuma ba su nan gaba ɗaya; akwai kuma samfuran da baƙaƙen tabo a bayansu. Ba safai ake samun cakuda launin fari da fari a launuka ba. Ciki na mai hana ruwa gudu yana da launi mai ƙazanta mai ƙazanta tare da takamaiman rawaya, kuma wataƙila ma da rawaya mai haske.
An haifi 'ya'yan maciji:
- m;
- orange-ja;
- ja mai zurfi;
- murjani;
- launin ruwan kasa mai ja
Bayan ɗan lokaci, jarirai suna zama kore, suna zama kwafin iyayensu. Maza ba su kai na mata girma ba, sun yi kadan. Faɗi abin da kuke so, amma boas masu jagorancin kare suna da kyan gani ƙwarai, godiya ga kyawawan kyawawan launukan ciyawa.
A ina bakon kare yake zama?
Hoto: Bugun kare
Bod constricor mai jagorar kare-halayya mutum ne mai matukar mahimmanci tare da mazauni na dindindin a yankin na Kudancin Amurka.
Ana samun sa a cikin sarari:
- Venezuela;
- Guyana;
- Guiana ta Faransa;
- Suriname;
- arewa maso gabashin Brazil;
- Bolivia;
- Kolombiya;
- Ecuador;
- Peru.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna daukar kwalliya zuwa wurare masu zafi, mara ƙasa, dazuzzuka masu danshi mai zafi, inda yake zaune, a matakan farko da na biyu na bishiyoyi. Boas da dausayi suna zaune. Sun fi son kada su hau sama da mita 200 sama da matakin teku, kodayake wasu samfuran an same su ma a tsawan kusan kilomita ɗaya. Ana yada bishiyoyin koren bishiyoyi ko'ina cikin Canaima National Park, wanda ke yankin kudu maso gabashin Venezuela.
Danshi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar koren dabbobi masu rarrafe, sabili da haka, don wuraren zama na dindindin na turawa, galibi suna zaɓar ɗakunan manyan koguna (alal misali, Amazon). Amma kasancewar tafki sharadi ne na zabi na kasancewar su, fifiko ne kawai. Boas kuma suna karɓar danshi da suke buƙata daga hazo, wanda a wuraren da suke zaune ya faɗi har zuwa 150 cm a kowace shekara.
Boas gida ne na rawanin bishiyoyi, wanda a cikin sa suke cinye yawancin rayuwar macizan su, shi yasa aka kira su arboreal. Kuma tsawon rayuwar da aka auna don boas a cikin daji ba a riga an riga an kafa ta daidai ba, kodayake a cikin fursuna yakan wuce alamar shekaru goma sha biyar.
Yanzu kun san inda boa mai karen kare yake, bari muga me zai ci?
Menene taimakon kare mai ƙuntatawa?
Photo: Macijin-kare boa
Tambayar dangane da abincin boas-kai boas yana da rikici sosai. Yawancin bayanai sun ce kawai suna ciyar da tsuntsayen da ke tashi kusa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Masana ilimin herpeto sun tabbatar da cewa wannan bai tabbata ba a kimiyance, masana kimiyya sun ba da rahoton cewa ragowar dabbobi masu shayarwa galibi ana samunsu ne a cikin matattun dabbobi masu rarrafe. Akwai wani ra'ayi game da menu na mai ba da izinin kare-kare, wanda ke ba da shaidar bambancinsa, maciji, bisa ga wannan ra'ayi, yana farautar dabbobi daban-daban:
- kananan birai;
- kadangaru;
- gurguzu;
- jemagu;
- kowane irin beraye;
- tsuntsaye (aku da passerines);
- kananan dabbobi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Boas suna farauta daga ɓoye, suna ɓoye a cikin kambin bishiyoyi, sun rataye a kan rassan. Da zarar an sami wanda aka azabtar, sai huhun bishiyar ya huce ƙasa don kama shi kai tsaye daga ƙasa. Tare da taimakon dogon hakora, bale constricor a sauƙaƙe yana riƙe abin da aka kama a cikin alfarwa, yana amfani da ƙanshin kambinsa. Wani lokacin yakan dauki sama da awa daya kafin ya hadiye abincin.
An lura cewa matasa macizai suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasa da ta fi sauran takwarorinsu da suka manyanta, saboda haka kadangaru da kwadi sukan zama abinci a gare ta.
Boas-kai boas da ke rayuwa a cikin fursuna galibi suna da lahani, suna ƙin abincin da aka ba su, don haka dole ne a ciyar da su ta hanyar ɗan adam. A cikin terrarium, ana sauya ganye zuwa ciyar da bera. Mutumin da ya balaga ana ciyar dashi kowane mako uku, kuma matasa suna cin abinci sau da yawa - bayan kwanaki 10 ko 14. Kaurin katon gawar da aka miƙa wa boram mai hana ruwa bai kamata ya wuce ɓangaren maɗaukaki na dabbobi masu rarrafe ba, in ba haka ba macijin zai sake tayar da babban abun ciye-ciye. Ya saba da cin rodents, boas na gida suna cinsu duk tsawon rayuwarsu.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Hakora na mai ba da kariya mai kare-kare
Boaarfin boa kare-kai shine mafi yawan arboreal. Yana ciyarwa kowane lokaci akan rassan, farauta, hutawa, cin abinci, neman abokin jima'i, haifuwa har ma da haihuwar zuriya. Repan tsuntsu yana zagaye reshe kamar koren karkace, kansa yana kwance tare da kullin, kuma rabin zobban jikinsa suna rataye a gefuna daga ɓangarorin biyu. Matsayin jiki ya kasance ba canzawa ba kusan kusan yini duka. Wutsiyar boor constoror tana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, saboda haka ba ta cikin haɗarin faɗuwa, tana iya yin aiki da sauri da walƙiya a cikin farin kambin.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe na itace suna fara aiki da hantsi, kuma suna yin rana a cikin kambi mai inuwa. Wani lokacin sukan sunkuyar da kansu kasa, suna yin wannan domin su yi wanka da rana. Ana gano mai yuwuwar cutar da maciji saboda hangen nesa da ramin karɓar zafin da ke a saman leɓon sama. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna amfani da harshensu da aka ƙera kamar na'urar daukar hotan takardu, suna bincika sararin samaniya. Duk waɗannan na'urori ana amfani da su ta boas. rashin karɓar sauti, maras buɗewa a buɗe a waje kuma yana da kunnen tsakiyar ci gaba, amma, wannan halayyar duka macizai ne.
Har ila yau, mai ba da gudummawa daga terrarium yana kan rassa na musamman kuma yana fara ci idan dare ya yi. Tsarin narkewa cikin Emeralds yana faruwa sau biyu ko sau uku a shekara. A karo na farko, ƙananan boas molt kawai mako guda bayan haihuwa.
Idan mukayi magana game da yanayin wannan halittar rarrafe, to bata da kyau kamar yadda take. An lura cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe da ke rayuwa a cikin terrarium suna da halaye marasa kyau, suna da zaɓi kuma suna da zaɓi sosai a cikin abinci, kuma suna iya cizon dogon hakora da ƙarfi ta yadda wani lokacin har jijiyoyi suna shafar su. Harin yana faruwa da saurin walƙiya kuma ana maimaita shi fiye da sau ɗaya. Don haka, yana da kyau ga ƙwararrun masana ilimin halitta da kada su ɗauki kan kare a hannunsu, saboda suna buƙatar sanin yadda za su riƙe shi daidai.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Kare-kai boa
Boas mata masu jagorar kare ba sa kwanciya da shirya ƙwai, saboda suna da kwazo. Maza da suka manyanta game da jima’i suna kusantar shekaru uku ko huɗu na rayuwarsu, kuma mata daga baya - da huɗu ko biyar. Farkon lokacin macijin maciji ya faɗi ne a watan Disamba, kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa Maris.
Duk wasannin mating, kwanan wata da abubuwan kwafi suna faruwa daidai a cikin kambin bishiyoyi. A wannan lokacin, boas ba su da lokacin cin abinci, 'yan uwan maza suna shawagi a kusa da uwargidan zuciyar, suna ƙoƙarin sanya ta zuwa inda suke so. Duels sau da yawa suna faruwa a tsakanin su, inda aka bayyana ango mai nasara, kuma yana samun zuciyar budurwar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duelists suna kai hari ga junan su, suna amfani da jerin cizon haske da turawa, suna bayyana kishiya mafi ƙarfi, wanda zai farantawa uwargidan zuciyar rai ta hanyar shafawa akan gangar jikinta da kuma ɗan taƙaitawa tare da taimakon bayan farce (rudiments).
Mace a cikin matsayi ba ta cin komai har sai haihuwar zuriyar. Tana iya samun abun ciye ciye ne kawai a cikin makonni biyu na farko daga lokacin ɗaukar ciki. Emfrayos suna ci gaba a cikin utero, suna ciyar da yolks na kwai. Sun bar ƙwai lokacin da suke cikin jikin uwar, kuma a lokacin haihuwa ana lulluɓe su da wani siririn fim, wanda kusan ya keɓe nan take. Sabon macizan da aka haifa tare da jakar kwai an haɗa su da igiyar cibiya, wanda ya tsage a rana ta biyu - ta biyar bayan haihuwa.
Lokacin haihuwa yana daga kwanaki 240 zuwa 260. Mace daya tana haihuwar macizai 5 zuwa 20 (yawanci ba su wuce 12 ba). Nauyin jarirai daga gram 20 zuwa 50, kuma tsawonsu na iya kaiwa rabin mita. Bayan haihuwar jariran, mahaifiya ta bar su nan da nan, ba ta damu da jariran ba kwata-kwata. Ranakun farko na macijin suna da rauni sosai kuma suna iya zama cikin sauki ga dabbobi masu farauta, saboda haka ba kowa bane zai iya rayuwa.
Kamar yadda muka riga muka gani, a cikin yawancin jarirai, launi yana mamaye ja ko ja-kasa-kasa, amma kuma akwai samfuran masu haske - lemun zaki rawaya da fawn, waɗanda aka zana su da launuka masu haske masu haske a dorsal part. Girma, jarirai suna canza tsarin launi, suna zama kore, kamar iyayensu.
Masana binciken ta'addanci suna fara yin ƙawancen boas na itace suna da shekaru biyu, amma galibi 'ya'yansu suna raunana. Babiesaan da suka fi lafiya da lafiya sun haihu ne saboda tsofaffin boas. Don haɓaka aiki, yanayin zafin dare a cikin terrariums ya sauka zuwa digiri 22 tare da alamar ƙari. Bugu da kari, kafin wannan aikin, mace ana kiyaye ta daban da namiji. Wannan kasuwancin yana da wahala da wahala, saboda haka kuna buƙatar samun gogewa da ƙwarewa.
Abokan gaba na boas masu jagorancin kare
Hoto: Mai ba da kariya ta kare a yanayi
Buga mai rikitarwa mai kare-kare bashi da girma mai yawa, kamar sauran masu taimaka masa, kuma yana da guba, amma haƙoransa suna da ban sha'awa, kuma tsokokin jiki suna da ƙarfi, don haka yana iya cizon abokin hamayyarsa da ƙarfi, kuma ba zai yiwu ya fita daga cikin runguma mai ɗaukar ciki ba. Rayuwa a ƙarƙashin rufin rassa da koren ganye yana taimaka wa mai hana ruwa ƙarfi ya zama ba a sani ba, saboda kyawawan launinsa shi ne, da farko dai, kyakkyawar ɓoyayyiyar hanya ce, wacce ke taimakawa, yayin farauta, da kuma ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba.
Duk da irin wadannan ayyukan kare na sama na dabba mai rarrafe, yana da isassun makiya a cikin yanayin yanayi. Dabbobi iri-iri na iya kayar da babban bishiyar kare.
Daga cikinsu akwai:
- jaguars;
- manyan masu farauta masu fuka-fukai;
- dabbobin daji;
- caimans;
- kadoji.
Sababbin macizan da aka haifa suna da mafi yawan fata marasa kyau, saboda mahaifiyarsu takan bar su nan da nan bayan an haife su. Growtharamar girma ɗan ƙarami ma yana da rauni ƙwarai, saboda ba shi da ƙwarewar da ta dace kuma bai kai girman da ake buƙata ba. Snananan macizai sukan faɗa cikin ganyaye, kite, sa ido akan kadangaru, diloli, bushiya, hankaka, da hankaka. Don haka, ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba don boas masu jagorancin kare su tsira a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, musamman ga waɗanda har yanzu suke ƙuruciya ba su sami kwarewar maciji ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Kare-kai boa
A cikin 2019, theungiyar forasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta yanke shawarar rarraba koren bishiya a matsayin nau'in jinsunan dabbobi waɗanda ba sa fuskantar barazanar. Fusatattun masu kiyaye muhalli ba su ga wata barazanar da za ta yi wa kare kare kai ba a kusan dukkan yankunan da yake zaune; ba a gano barazanar da ke faruwa a wurin ba.
Akwai wani abin da ke firgita kungiyoyin kare muhalli - wannan shi ne kame-kamen bogi da ke bisa doka da nufin sake sayar da su, saboda masu kishin kasa sun shirya bayar da makudan kudade don irin wadannan kyawawan dabbobin. Ko da 'yan asalin ƙasar, haɗuwa da emerald boas, galibi suna kashe su.
Tarkon dabbobi masu rarrafe don kasuwanci yanzu an tsara su sosai a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ciniki ta Duniya. A yankin ƙasashe da yawa, an gabatar da kayyade don fitarwa waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Misali, a cikin Suriname, ana ba da izinin fitarwa sama da 900 a kowace shekara (wannan shine bayanan shekarar 2015). Duk ɗaya ne, a yankin Suriname, waɗannan matakan kariya ba a kiyaye su da kyau, saboda Ana fitar da boas daga ƙasar da yawa fiye da yadda aka saba, wanda hakan ke shafar yawan waɗannan ƙididdigar, amma kawai a matakin wannan yankin na daban, har yanzu ba a bayyana wannan ba a cikin yawan duk boas masu kai tsaye.
Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da sa ido a cikin yankunan Guiana da Suriname na Brazil, bisa ga sakamakonsa, ya nuna cewa koren boas ba safai ba ne ko kuma keɓaɓɓu sosai, don haka yana da matukar wahala a kirga yawan dabbobi masu rarrafe a duniya. Koyaya, a halin yanzu, ba a yi barazanar kashe boas masu jagorancin kare ba, yawansu ba ya fuskantar koma baya, yana nan daram, wanda ba zai iya farin ciki ba.
Takaitawa, Ina so in ƙara hakan boa mai hana ruwa gudu - mutum ne kyakkyawa na gaske, yana kallon wanda ba zai iya zama ba ruwansa ba. Tufafin tufafi mai haske da alama yana da wadata da almubazzaranci, yana caji da kuzari mai kuzari da tabbatacce.Duk da irin fa'idodi, wannan yanayin yana da matukar kyau kuma mai ban tsoro, amma ƙwararrun masu kiwo ba sa kula da wannan, la'akari da wannan kyakkyawan koren bogo mai ƙyamar gaske mafarki ne mai kyau kuma Emerald na tarin macizai!
Ranar bugawa: 06.06.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 22.09.2019 a 23:04
