Piranha - kifi mai zub da jini, akwai tatsuniyoyi masu ban tsoro da jita-jita game da shi, an harbe fina-finai masu ban tsoro da yawa. Shin da gaske tana da haɗari kamar yadda suke faɗi game da ita? Abin mamaki, yawancin masoya na ban mamaki suna ajiye shi a gida cikin akwatinan ruwa. A bayyane yake, ba kowa ne ke tsoron piranha mai tashin hankali ba kuma mutane da yawa suna son wannan ɗan ƙoshin lafiya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Piranha
Idan mukayi magana game da piranha na kowa, to wannan mai farautar yana cikin aji ne na kifin mai rai da kuma tsari na characiniform. A kan kuɗin dangin da wannan kifin yake, akwai rabe-raben guda biyu. Classaya yana sanya ta a matsayin memba na gidan haracin, ɗayan kuma a matsayin memba na dangin piranha. Akwai ra'ayoyi iri-iri game da sunan kifin.
Dangane da ɗayan zato, kalmar ta fito ne daga yaren Fotigal kuma tana nufin "ɗan fashin teku", a cewar ɗayan - daga yaren ƙabilar Guarani Indiya, wanda aka fassara shi "mugu kifi". Mutane sun koya game da piranha gama gari a tsakiyar karni na sha tara. Baya ga wannan nau'in, akwai kuma wasu nau'ikan, jimillar yawansu ya kai talatin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin dukkanin nau'in piranha, mutum huɗu ne kawai ke iya yin barazana ga mutane ko dabbobi, fiye da rabin piranhas sun fi son abincin tsirrai.
Daga cikin masu haɗari, masu adalci, kuma sun haɗa da talakawa da babban piranha. Bari muyi bayani dalla-dalla game da wasu nau'ikan kifin.
Piranha talakawa haɗari ne ga mutane. Tsawon jikinsa na iya zuwa 60 cm, amma ana samun samfuran daga 25 zuwa 35 cm. Yaran da suka kai wata takwas suna da launuka masu ɗimbin yawa (launuka masu launin shuɗi mai duhu da jajayen firam). Kifin manya yana da launin toka mai launin shuɗi tare da zoben azurfa, ana ganin mashi na zinariya a gefen.
Bidiyo: Piranha
A lokacin daddawa, kalar fatar dubura ta zama ja, kuma kifin ya zama kusan baƙi tare da jan ciki. Hakoran kifin suna kama da haƙoran zarto, wanda da ita yake yanke gabban naman ganimar. Hakoran da ke kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi sun fi girma. Mata sun fi maza girma.
Red (jan-breasted pacu) yana da mazaunin dindindin a cikin yankin Brazil kuma yana da nau'in nau'in ciyawar. Wannan kifin yana da girma ƙwarai, tsawon sa na iya kai kimanin cm 90. Launin pacu ɗin launin toka ne-launin toka, kirji da ƙananan fin ɗin suna da ja. An tsara jelar kifin da duhu (kusan baki). Matasan suna da tabo mai duhu akan tarnaƙi. Piranha mai kama da lu'u-lu'u yana da siffar jiki wacce ta dace da sunan ta.
Ta zabi bakin ruwa:
- Amazon;
- La Plata;
- Guyana.
Tsawon kifin ya kai kimanin cm 40, yana da launin koren azurfa, ƙarancin caudal yana iyaka da tsiri.
Siririn piranha yana da jiki mai tsayi, kimanin tsawon cm 30. Kifin kansa yana da azurfa, kuma cikinsa yana ɗan ja, wutsiya tare da kalar duhu. Wannan nau'in yana rayuwa a cikin koguna kamar su Orinoco da Amazon.
Dwarf piranha bai wuce cm 15 tsayi a tsayi ba, amma yana ramawa don ƙarami kaɗan tare da nuna ƙarfi da halaye masu farauta. Akwai karamin guntun ruwa a kan saman kifin wanda ya elongated. An yi wa jikin piranha sillar da bakin mashi a baki a gefen, kuma an kawata jelar da bakin baki. Finafinan finafinan launuka ne masu launi ja.
Pacuwal mai ruwan kasa ya fi son rayuwa shi kaɗai, ba kamar sauran takwarorinsa ba, yana iya tsayin sama da mita. Launin kifin launin ruwan kasa ne, launin toka, baƙi. Waɗannan launuka a jikin piranha za a iya haɗuwa, suna taimakon juna. Siffar haƙoran launin ruwan goro mai kama da ta mutum.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Piranha Kifi
Ya bayyana a sarari cewa kowane nau'in piranha yana da fasali daban daban, amma, duk da haka, waɗannan kifaye suna da halaye da yawa na yau da kullun, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ba. Jikin piranha yana kwance a gefuna kuma yana da tsayi sosai. Mafi girman kifi daga dangin piranha shine pacu mai ruwan kasa, tsayin jikinsa ya kai 108 cm, kuma nauyinsa ya kai 40 kilogiram.
Mafi karami iri-iri shine methinnis na azurfa, jikinshi bai fi tsayin cm 14 ba. Piranhas mata sun fi girma kuma sun fi maza kuzari sosai. Amma launuka a cikin launin maza suna mamaye masu haske.
Kifin farauta yana da babban shugaban kansa, bakin bakin bakin ya zama mara kyau, kuma muƙamuƙan suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, ƙananan na gaba da gaba. Hakoran kifin suna da kaifi, suna cikin kullewa lokacin da ka rufe bakin ko cizon. A sama akwai kusan 66, kuma a ƙasa - 77. Leɓunan piranha suna da kauri, suna rufe ɓangaren hakora, don haka kawai ƙarshen kaifinsu ana iya gani. Piranhas, wanda menu ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire, an ba su hakora masu lalata. Piranha mai ruwa yana da layuka hakora biyu a samansa.
Wutsiyar Piranha ba ta da tsayi sosai, tana da ƙarfi, ƙarancin daraja a kansa wanda ba a bayyana ma'anarsa da kyau. Fuskar dorsal tana da tsawo, tare da haskoki sama da 16. Thearshen ƙwayar kifin ma tsayi ne, kuma waɗanda ke cikin ciki gajere ne. Ana iya gani cewa ƙyamar adipose ta tsaya a saman dutsen kifi, wannan fasalin halayyar kifin kama-da-kama ne.
Idon Piranha yana da kaifi kuma ƙanshin baya gaza. Idanunta manya ne manya, sanye take da ɗalibai masu duhu. Tare da hangen nesa, kifin na iya kama ƙuda ko kudan zuma da ke shawagi a saman ruwa. Anshin kifin mai farauta yana da laushi ƙwarai da gaske cewa suna iya jin ɗigon jini a cikin wani babban ɗaki a cikin sakan 30 kawai. Sashin gefen piranhas a fili yana sikanin kowane motsi a cikin kewayen.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, launi na piranhas yana canzawa ba kawai daga jinsuna zuwa jinsuna ba, har ma da shekaru. A wasu nau'ikan, haɓakar samari suna da launi iri daban-daban da na babban kifi.
Piranha na iya zama:
- baƙi;
- azurfa;
- launin toka;
- koren launin toka.
Yawancin kifi da yawa suna ado da ɗigon duhu, ratsi, speck mai haske. Fins din kuma suna da launuka iri-iri.
Mun gano yadda piranha take, yanzu zamu gano inda take zaune.
A ina piranha ke rayuwa?
Hoto: Piranhas a cikin ruwa
Piranhas sun fi son yanayin dumi, don haka ba za a same su a cikin ruwan daskarewa ba. Wadannan kifayen sun bazu sosai a cikin yankin Kudancin Amurka.
Suna zaune a cikin koguna kamar:
- Parana;
- Amazon;
- Uruguay;
- Orinoco;
- Sakamakon.
Waɗannan kifayen sune Venezuela, Guyana, Bolivia, Uruguay, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, Colombia, Paraguay. Piranhas ruwa ne mai tsafta, sun mamaye koguna, tabkuna, magudanan ruwa, da baya. Suna guje wa ruwan teku, tunda ba za su iya haifuwa cikin ruwan gishiri ba.
Kwanan nan, al'amuran gano piranhas sun fara faruwa a cikin ruwan ƙasarmu da Turai. Tabbas, wannan ya faru, amma wannan baya nufin piranha ya yawaita kuma ya fara zama a wuraren da ba'a taɓa ganin sa ba. Dalilin waɗannan binciken na musamman shine sakacin waɗanda suka kawo piranhas a cikin akwatinan ruwa a gida, sannan kuma suka yanke shawarar kawar da su ta hanyar sakin su cikin ruwa mafi kusa, ba tare da tunanin cewa sun jefa kifin cikin mutuwa ba makawa.
Piranha yawanci yakan sauka a waɗancan wurare inda akwai kifi da yawa don abinci, saboda tana da wadatar zuci. Farauta yakan faru ne sau da yawa a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani ko kuma inda akwai daɗa mai yawa a ƙasan. Yanayi masu mahimmanci a gare su shine cewa ruwan yana da kyau sosai, sabo ne, akwai isashshen oxygen a ciki, akwai kuma ciyayi da yawa. Piranhas yana son ruwa tare da matsakaici, ba saurin gudu ba. Wani lokaci sukan yi iyo a cikin teku, amma ba sa tsayawa a can na dogon lokaci.
Mun gano inda piranha take zaune, yanzu zamu gano abin da take ci.
Menene piranha ke ci?
Hotuna: Piranha
Ciyarwar piranhas abin birgewa ne, na masu farauta da masu cin ganyayyaki. Mai farautar ya cinye kusan duk abin da ke raye a cikin ruwa: wasu kifaye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da dabbobi, da tsuntsaye, ko suna shawagi a saman ruwa ko kuma suna yawo ƙasa da kan ruwa. Hatta kadarori suna tsoron piranhas, saboda haka suna iyo a kan garkensu sama tare da cikin raunin da ke tattare da shi, suna maye gurbin sulke da kifin. Suna cin piranhas da plankton, larvae na kwari na cikin ruwa, amphibians, molluscs, kowane irin invertebrates. Piranha mai haɗari yana cin sikelin babban kifi, baya wuce danginsa kuma.
Piranhas da ke rayuwa a cikin daji ba sa debo komai daga tushe; kifin akwatin kifaye yana cin naman nama da ya fado kasa. Ga masu farautar piranha, cin naman halaye ne. Rungume a cikin ragar 'yan uwansu kabilu, za su ci ba tare da jinkiri ba. A cikin akwatinan ruwa, irin waɗannan abubuwan ma galibi suna faruwa yayin da mutum mai ƙarfi ya ci takwarorinsa.
Ana ciyar da kifin da aka kama tare da soya, jatan lande, nama iri iri, squid, tsutsotsi na ƙasa, daɗa wasu kayan lambu a cikin menu (kabeji, dankali, zucchini, alayyafo). Piranhas masu cin ganyayyaki suna cin kowane irin tsire-tsire na ruwa, 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri da suka fado daga bishiyoyi zuwa cikin ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mai farauta piranha yana aiki ne a matsayin nau'in ruwa mai tsari, saboda galibi yana zaban mazaunan ruwa mai rauni da mai raunin azaba.
Yanzu kun san abin da piranha ke ci. Ragowar kadan ne kaɗan, da sannu zaku zama "guru" a fagen piranhas.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Piranha a ƙarƙashin ruwa
Piranhas yawanci suna haɗuwa cikin garken mutane kusan 30. Kodayake a cikin wasu nau'ikan, makarantar na iya kusan kifi dubu. Mafarauta suna farauta da yamma, da dare da kuma awanni kafin wayewar gari. Yawancin labarai, labarai masu ban tsoro suna da alaƙa da piranhas da zubar da jininsu. Kuskure ne a yi imani da cewa motsi a cikin duka garken yana da alaƙa da muradinsu na kashewa; suna wanzu tare, akasin haka, don kare kansu daga sauran masu nufin ɓarna.
Ana iya ganin halayyar piranhas mai rikici da rikicewa a cikin hanyar da suke bi a tsakanin nasu, galibi suna fara yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin juna, faɗa da cutar da juna. Piranhas suna cinye mafi yawan rayuwarsu neman abinci, saboda yawan sha'awar su yana da yawa.
Farautar piranhas ba abu ne mai daɗi ba, suna cikin jikin ganima a cikin babban garken tumaki, suna yankar ɓangaren nama da haƙoransu masu kaifi, waɗannan kifaye na iya cinye babban dabba ga ƙashi a cikin minti ɗaya kawai. Kifi yana da matukar damuwa ga duk wata fantsama da ruwa, kuma ƙanshin jini yana jan hankalin su, kamar maganadisu mai ƙarfi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba a taɓa samun matsala guda ɗaya ta piranha da ke cin mutum duka, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fina-finai masu ban tsoro.
Piranha na iya cizon mutum, yana haifar da ciwo mai ban mamaki, irin waɗannan lamuran suna yawaita kuma suna faruwa kowace shekara. Wurin cizon wannan kifin yana da kumburi sosai kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin ya warke, kuma wani lokacin mutane kan yanke ƙafafu da gabobi saboda shi. Muƙamuran piranha suna da ƙarfi ƙwarai da gaske cewa babu wata dabba da ta dace da su.
Gabaɗaya, yanayin waɗannan kifin yana da tsananin tashin hankali, halayen ba shine mafi kyau ba, kuma piranhas basa ɗaukar jimiri. A cikin Brazil, har ma sun yi ƙoƙari su ba su guba da guba, amma sun lalata wasu dabbobin ne kawai a cikin tafkin, kuma piranhas ya kasance ba tare da cutarwa ba. Tabbas, waɗannan masu farauta ne, amma tatsuniyoyi da labarai da yawa suna ƙara girman haɗarin da waɗannan kifaye ke haifarwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: A garken piranhas
Kamar yadda ya juya, asali, piranhas suna rayuwa cikin garken tumaki, wani lokacin suna da yawa. Amma babban wakilin dangin su (ruwan sanyi pacu) ya fi son kadaici. Kifi ya balaga ta hanyar jima'i kusa da shekara ɗaya da rabi. Waɗannan kifayen suna da alamun wasannin soyayya guda biyu waɗanda suka haɗu sosai kafin a hayayyafa. Launin mutanen da ke cikin farin ciki ya canza, ya zama mai haske sosai, tashin hankalin kifin a lokacin saduwa yana ƙara ƙarfi.
Kowane kifaye cikin soyayya suna da nasu yanki daban, wanda suke kiyaye shi daga cin zarafin wasu mutane. Da sanyin safiya, lokacin da hasken rana na farko ya bayyana, mace zata fara haihuwa, tana mai da kai kasa. A lokaci guda, mace na iya samarwa daga kwai 500 zuwa 15,000, adadin ya dogara da nau'in kifin. Caviar ya zauna a kan tsirrai na ruwa, asalin bishiyoyin bakin teku, ƙasa, nan da nan takin ya ke. Maza suna kula da kama. Matsayi mai kyau don fitowar soya cikin duniya ya kusan digiri 28 tare da alamar ƙari.
Girman ƙwai na iya zuwa 4 mm, launi nasu amber ne ko kore-rawaya. Lokacin shiryawa na iya wucewa daga kwana biyu zuwa makonni biyu, ya dogara da iri-iri da dumi na ruwa, sakamakon aikin duka shine haihuwar larvae. Kwanaki da yawa, tsutsa suna cin abincin da ke jikin jakar kwai wanda aka bari bayan haihuwa, to sai su fara iyo da kansu.
Ko da soyayyen piranha ba shi da fa'ida, ba zai iya koshi ba kuma ya girma da sauri. Iyaye masu kulawa suna ci gaba da kulawa har sai soya fara fara ciyar da kansu. Rayuwar piranhas da ke rayuwa a cikin daji kusan shekara ashirin ne, a cikin fursuna ya ma fi gajarta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Daga cikin piranhas, an yi rikodin dogon hanta - jar pacu, wanda ya rayu cikin fursuna tsawon shekaru 28.
Abokan gaba na piranhas
Hotuna: Piranha mai fa'ida
Bai kamata kuyi mamakin irin wannan kifin na jini kamar piranhas suna da makiya da yawa wadanda basa tsoron kai musu hari. Dabbobin dolfin suna son cin abinci akansu, don haka piranhas suna taro cikin garken don kare kansu daga gare su a lokacin da ya dace. Kifin Arapaima da caiman suma basa kyamar gwada piranha. Arapaima ya kai matuka gwargwado, ma'aunansa suna da karfi kamar sulke, don haka baya jin tsoron piranhas kuma a shirye yake ya cinye su cikin nishadi, yana haifar da barazana ga wadannan kifin. Caymans suma suna son piranhas azaman tasa. Masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun ma lura cewa tare da raguwar yawan caimans, adadin piranhas yana ƙaruwa kuma akasin haka.
Kada mu manta cewa cin naman mutane tsakanin piranhas yana bunkasa, don haka suna iya kashe junan su da kansu. Piranhas masu tsire-tsire ne kawai keɓaɓɓun halittu, don haka duk wani mai farauta mafi girma, gami da dangin su, ana iya kama su don abincin dare. Hakanan babban kunkuru na ruwa na iya kai hari kan piranha.
Abin mamaki, ita kanta mai girman kai da tashin hankali piranha kanta na iya fuskantar tsoro mai ƙarfi, wanda yakan faru da ita. A wannan lokacin, ta yi sanyi, hankalinta kamar ya kashe, ta faɗi gefe da ƙasan, tana cikin damuwa. A wannan yanayin, launin kifin ya zama paler. Bayan kifin ya dawo cikin hayyacinsa, sai ya sake himma don kai harin don kare rayuwarsa.
Hakanan za'a iya sanya mutum cikin maƙiyan piranha. Baya ga batun sanya guba a cikin waɗannan kifin, mutane na kama su. Indiyawan suna cin piranhas don abinci, kuma mazaunan ƙasar suna yin daga haƙoransu masu kaifi wani abu kamar wukake da almakashi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Piranha kifi
Zuwa yau, yawan piranhas ba sa fuskantar barazanar, wannan kifin yana da madaidaicin mazauni. Babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa yawan piranha ya ragu. Wannan kifin yana samun nutsuwa a cikin tafkunan ruwa mai kyau, inda yake hayayyafa cikin nasara. A bayyane, wannan saboda piranha yana da taurin kai da rashin wayewa a cikin abinci. Kari kan haka, kifayen da ke taruwa a manyan makarantu don kare kansu daga manyan maharan.
Tabbas, mutane suna amfani da wannan kifin don abinci, amma wannan ba ta kowace hanya da zai shafi raguwar mutane. A cikin Brazil, akwai lokuta da yawa yayin da aka kiwata kifi da yawa kuma suka yi ƙoƙari su sanya shi guba, amma babu abin da ya fito daga gare shi, guba ba ta aiki a kan piranha, wannan irin ƙarfin nan ne mai ban mamaki. Caimans ne kawai ke iya tasiri ƙarancin adadin kifayen, waɗanda suka ci nasarar cikin nasara.
Sabili da haka, a wuraren da ake yin yawancin waɗannan ƙananan kada, yawan piranhas ya ɗan ragu. Kuma piranhas sunfi yawa a can idan caimans suka koma wani wurin zama. Don haka, barazanar bacewa baya barazana ga dangin piranha, kuma akwai masu yawa da yawa da ke son waɗannan kifaye masu ban sha'awa, don haka piranhas suna ƙara cika ɗakunan ruwa na gida, inda suke jin daɗi.
A ƙarshe, ya rage don ƙara cewa ba tsoran kansa bane piranhakamar jita jita game da ita. Wannan kifin yana kawo fa'ida sosai ga tafkunan ruwa, yana tsarkake su daga dabbobi masu rauni da marasa lafiya.Hatta piranhas na masu cin ganyayyaki suna da matukar amfani, domin suma suna share koguna da suka yi girma, suna cin ciyawar su. Babban hatsarin da ke tattare da mutanen da ke fitowa daga garesu an kawo su nesa ba kusa ba kuma ba tare da wata hujja ba, don haka, kusan ba gaskiya bane.
Ranar bugawa: 03.05.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/13/2019 a 14:52
