Damisa Bali Shin ɗayan kyawawan kyawawan dabi'un dangi ne. Sunan sunansu ne saboda mazauninsu - suna rayuwa ne kawai a tsibirin Bali. Babban fasali shine ƙaramin sa. A cikin dukkan nau'ikan damisa da suka taɓa wanzuwa a duniya, sun kasance mafi ƙanƙanta.
Tare da Sumatran da Javanese, sun kasance wakilai na nau'ikan damisa na Indonesiya. Abin takaici, a yau an lalata damisa ta Balinese, tare da Javanese, kuma damarar Sumatran tana gab da halaka. Damfara ta Balinese ta ƙarshe an lalata ta a cikin 1937 ta masu farauta.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Bali Tiger
Tigin Bali wakili ne na mambobi masu shayarwa, mallakar umarnin masu farauta ne, dangin dangi, an kasafta su zuwa ga jinsunan halittu da kuma damisar. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da asalin wannan wakilin dangin dangi. Na farko daga cikin waɗannan jihohin cewa jinsunan Javanese da Balinese iri ɗaya ne kuma suna da kakani ɗaya.
Saboda shekarun kankara na karshe, an raba jinsin zuwa gida biyu ta manyan kankara. A sakamakon haka, daya daga cikin mutanen ya kasance a tsibirin Bali kuma daga baya aka sanya masa suna Balinese, na biyu kuma ya kasance a tsibirin Java kuma aka sanya masa suna Javanese.
Bidiyo: Bali Tiger
Ka'ida ta biyu ita ce tsohuwar kakannin damisar Balinese ta yi iyo a tsallaken mashigar kuma suka zauna a tsibirin Bali. Shekaru dubbai da yawa, tsibirin Bali ya mamaye wani yanki mafi girma. Yana da dukkan yanayin rayuwa da kiwo a yanayi na halitta.
Yankin tsibirin ya kasance cike da dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka masu zafi, yana da yankuna masu yawa na kwaruruka da kogunan ruwa. A cikin wannan yanki, damisa na Balinese cikakkun masu mallaka ne. Kusan basu da makiya a tsakanin wakilan duniyar dabbobi kuma an basu wadatattun kayan abinci.
Kakannin wannan wakilin dangin sun fi girman jiki da nauyi. Masu binciken masarautar dabbobi suna da'awar cewa kimanin shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata, matakin ruwan da ke tekun ya tashi sosai kuma ya raba babban yankin da tsibirin.
Dabbar, ana kiranta Balinese, ta wanzu a cikin tsibirin har sai da ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Bajamushe mai bincike Ernst Schwartz ya tsunduma cikin nazarin halaye, salon rayuwa da bayanan waje a cikin 1912. Bayanin kalmomin na magana an tattara su ne daga fatun dabbobi da sassan kwarangwal ɗin da aka adana a gidajen tarihi.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Bali Tiger
Tsawon jikin dabbar ya fara daga mita daya da rabi zuwa mita biyu da rabi a cikin maza kuma daga mita daya zuwa biyu a mata. Nauyin jikin dabbar ya kai kilogiram 100 a cikin maza kuma har zuwa 80 a mata. Tsawo a bushe santimita 70-90. Wadannan wakilan dangin masu farautar halittar suna nuna lalatawar jima'i.
Babban fasalin wannan ƙananan raƙuman shine ulu. Gajere ne kuma yana da kalar ruwan lemu daban. Transananan ratsi masu raɗaɗi. Lambar su ta ragu sosai da ta sauran damisa. Zangon zagaye na duhu, kusan launin baƙi suna tsakanin tsaka-tsakin raƙuman. Yankin wuya, kirji, ciki da farfajiyar gabobin suna da haske, kusan fari.
Wutsiyar dabbobi dogo ce, ta kai kusan mita a tsayi. Yana da launi mai haske da ratsiyoyi masu launin baƙar fata. Tiparamar koyaushe ta kasance goga mai duhu. Jikin maharbin yana da ƙarfi, yana da sassauƙa tare da tsokoki mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Sashin gaban jiki ya fi baya girma kaɗan. Gabobin jiki gajere ne amma masu karfi da ƙarfi. Limafusoshin bayan kafa huɗu ne, na gaba da kafa biyar. Ractaƙasassun fika sun kasance a kan gabobin.
Kan dabbar yana da zagaye, karami a girma. Kunnuwa kanana ne, zagaye, yana can gefe. Faɗin ciki na kunnuwa koyaushe haske ne. Idanun suna zagaye, duhu, kanana. A bangarorin biyu na fuskar akwai mayafin haske wanda ya ba da alama na ƙwannaren gefen. A cikin yankin kunci akwai layuka da yawa na dogon, farin vibrissae.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Muƙamuƙin maharbin ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Yawan haƙoran hakora ne suka wakilce su. An yi la'akari da hauka mafi tsayi. Tsawonsu ya kai fiye da santimita bakwai. An tsara su don raba abincin nama zuwa ɓangarori.
A ina damisar Balinese take rayuwa?
Hotuna: Bali Tiger
Wannan wakilin wannan dangin ya rayu ne kawai a Indonesia, a tsibirin Bali, babu wasu yankuna da aka samu. Dabbobin sun fi son gandun daji a matsayin mazauninsu, sun ji daɗi a cikin kwaruruka na tafkuna daban-daban. Abun da ake buƙata shine kasancewar tafki wanda suke son yin iyo kuma suka sha da yawa bayan sun ci abinci.
Hakanan damisa na Balinese na iya kasancewa a yankunan tsaunuka. Mazauna yankin sun lura da al'amuran lokacin da suka haɗu da mai farauta a tsawan kusan mita dubu da rabi.
Babban mazaunin:
- gandun daji;
- gandun daji masu yankewa;
- bishiyoyin shuke-shuken wurare masu zafi;
- kusa da gabar ruwaye masu girma dabam-dabam;
- a cikin mangroves;
- a kan gangaren dutse
Ga jama'ar gari, damisa ta Bailey wata dabba ce ta ban mamaki, wacce aka yaba mata da ƙarfi na musamman, iko, har ma da damar sihiri. A wannan yankin, masu farauta na iya kasancewa kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam kuma galibi suna farautar dabbobi. Koyaya, mutane suna tsoron kuliyoyi masu lalata kuma sun lalata su kawai lokacin da suka haifar da babbar illa ga gidan.
Baƙon abu ne ga dabbobi su kai wa mutane hari. Duk da haka, a cikin 1911, mafarauci Oscar Voynich ya isa Indonesia. Shi, tare da wasu membobin kungiyar sa, sun kashe wani mai farauta a karon farko. Bayan haka, tsananin zalunci da kisan dabbar sun fara. Tun da wuri ɗaya kawai da Damis ɗin Balinese yake rayuwa shi ne tsibirin Bali, ba a ɗauki lokaci ba mutane suka lalata dabbar gaba ɗaya.
Menene damisar Balinese take ci?
Hotuna: Bali Tiger
Damisa ta Balinese dabba ce mai farauta. Tushen abinci shine abincin nama. Saboda girmanta, laulayinsa da alherinsa, wakilin dangi bai da kusan masu gasa kuma ya kasance wakilin mafi girman matakin abincin. Tigers ƙwararrun mafarauta ne. Saboda launinsu, sun kasance ba a lura da su yayin farautar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An yi amfani da dogon gashin baki azaman wurin ishara ga sarari. Mafi yawanci, sun fi son farautar abin farautar su akan hanyoyin da ke kusa da hanyoyin ruwa, wanda shuke-shuke ke zuwa wurin shayarwa.
Damisa ta zaɓi mafi kyawun yanayi da fa'ida don kwanton bauna da jira. Lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya matso kusa da nesa, mai farautar tare da kaifi, saurin walƙiya ya afkawa wanda aka azabtar, wanda wani lokacin ba ma samun lokacin fahimtar abin da ya faru. Idan aka samu nasarar farauta, damisa nan take ta ciza maƙogwaron wanda aka azabtar, ko kuma ya karye ƙwarjin mahaifa. Zai iya cin ganima a wurin, ko kuma ja shi zuwa cikin mafaka a cikin haƙoransa. Idan mai farauta ya kasa cin abincin, sai ya bi ta na wani lokaci, sannan ya tafi.
Wani babban mutum ya ci naman kilogram 5-7 a kowace rana. A wasu lokuta, suna iya cin abinci har kilo 20. Dabbobin sun tafi farauta galibi da yamma. Suna farautar ɗayan ɗaya, sau da yawa a matsayin ɓangare na rukuni. Kowane mutum yana da yankin farautarsa. A cikin maza, ya kusan kilomita murabba'i 100, a cikin mata - rabi da yawa.
Baƙon abu ne ga dabbobi su yi rayuwa mara kyau. Daga makonni da yawa zuwa wata ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu, sun zauna a yanki ɗaya, sa’an nan suka ƙaura zuwa wani. Kowane baligi ya yiwa yankinsa alama da fitsari da takamammen ƙamshi. Yankin maza na iya haɗuwa da yankin farautar mata.
Abin da ya zama tushen abinci ga damisa:
- kayan miya;
- barewa;
- dabbobin daji;
- barewa;
- aladu na daji;
- dabbobi masu rarrafe;
- manyan tsuntsaye;
- biri;
- kifi;
- kadoji;
- kananan beraye;
- dabbobi.
Tigers ba sa farauta sai dai idan suna jin yunwa. Idan farautar ta yi nasara, kuma abin farauta ya zama babba, dabbobin sun sunkuyar da kansu ba su tafi farauta ba har tsawon kwanaki 10-20 na gaba, ko ma fiye da haka.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Bali Tiger
Ya zama sananne ga masu farauta su jagoranci rayuwa ta kadaici, ta yawo. Kowane ɗayan baligi ya mallaki wani yanki, wanda aka yiwa alama tare da taimakon fitsari, wanda ke da ƙamshin ƙamshi. Mafi yawan lokuta, mazauni da yankin ciyarwa na mutane daban-daban basu haɗu ba, kuma idan hakan ta faru, maza ba sa nuna zalunci ga mata kawai. In ba haka ba, za su iya shiga faɗa kuma su shirya yaƙe-yaƙe don haƙƙin mallakar yankin. Dabbobin sun zauna a cikin wannan yankin tsawon makonni da yawa, sannan suka nemi sabon wuri don ciyarwa da zama.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu farauta sun fi aiki sosai tare da fitowar alfijir, da dare. Sunyi farauta daya bayan daya, a lokacin aure sai sukayi farauta bibbiyu. Hakanan, farautar rukuni ya yiwu yayin da mace ta koyawa yaranta masu girma yin farauta.
Tigers na Balinese sun kasance masu son gaskiya na hanyoyin ruwa. Sun ji daɗin kasancewa lokaci mai yawa a cikin jikin ruwa, musamman a lokacin zafi. Waɗannan masu cin abincin sun kasance da tsabta. Sun ba da lokaci mai yawa ga yanayi da bayyanar ulursu, sun tsabtace ta kuma sun lasa ta na dogon lokaci, musamman bayan farauta da cin abinci.
Gaba ɗaya, ba za a iya kiran dabba mai tsauri ba. A duk tsawon lokacin da ya wanzu a tsibirin Bali, damisa ba ta taba afkawa mutum ba, duk da kusancin da suke da shi. An dauki damisa Bali a matsayin ƙwararren mai iyo, yana da kaifin gani da ji mai kyau, mai saurin tashi da sauri ya hau bishiyoyi masu tsayi da yawa. Na yi amfani da rawar jiki a matsayin matattarar bayanai a sarari.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Bali Tiger
Ba'a sanya lokacin yin aure da haihuwar zuriya don dacewa da kowane yanayi ko lokaci na shekara ba. Mafi yawanci, ana haihuwar yara daga ƙarshen kaka zuwa tsakiyar bazara. Bayan ƙirƙirar ma'aurata yayin lokacin saduwa da juna biyu, cikin ya mace ya auku, wanda ya ɗauki kwanaki 100 - 105. Yawanci an haifi kittens ɗin 2-3.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ma'auratan da aka kirkira koyaushe suna shirya wurin don haihuwar jarirai. Mafi yawan lokuta ana samunsa ne a keɓe, wanda ba a iya fahimtarsa a wajan farko - a cikin raƙuman duwatsu, koguna masu zurfi, a cikin tarin bishiyoyi da suka faɗi, da dai sauransu.
Nauyin kyanwa ɗaya ya kasance gram 800 - 1500. An haife su makaho, da rashin ji sosai. Ulu Thean jariri ya fi kamannin fluff. Koyaya, yara da sauri sun sami ƙarfi kuma sun girma. Bayan kwanaki 10-12, idanunsu suka buɗe, jin ci gaba a hankali. Mahaifiyar cikin kulawa da kulawa sosai ta kula da 'ya'yanta, a wata' yar hatsarin da ta jawo su zuwa gidan da ya fi aminci da kariya. Kyanwa sun cinye madarar uwa har zuwa watanni 7-8.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bayan sun isa watan, sai suka bar mazauninsu suka fara binciken abubuwan da ke kusa. Farawa daga watanni 4-5, mace a hankali ta fara saba musu da abincin nama, tana koya musu dabaru da dabarun farauta.
Matsakaicin rayuwar mutum daya a cikin yanayin yanayi ya kasance daga shekaru 8 zuwa 11. Kowane ɗayan da aka haifa ya kasance yana cikin kulawa da kulawar uwa har zuwa shekara biyu. Lokacin da kittens ɗin suka cika shekaru biyu, basu rabu ba, kuma sun fara jagorancin rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Kowannensu yana neman yanki don farauta mai zaman kanta da kuma zama.
Abokan gaba na damisa na Balinese
Hotuna: Bali Tiger
Da yake suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin ɗabi'a, waɗannan maƙaryata ba su da abokan gaba tsakanin wakilan dabbobin. Babban kuma babban makiyi, wanda ayyukansa suka haifar da ɓacewar nau'in damisa, mutum ne.
A ƙarshen karni na 19, Turawa suka bayyana a Indonesia, daga cikinsu akwai Oscar Voynich. Shi da tawagarsa ne suka harba damin Balinese na farko a cikin 1911. Bayan haka, har ma ya rubuta littafi game da wannan taron, wanda aka buga a cikin 1913. Tun daga wannan lokacin, sha'awar wasanni da sha'awar kashewa sun haifar da lalata ƙarancin kuɗin a cikin shekaru 25 kawai.
Mazauna, Turawa, yan asalin karkara sun lalata dabbobi ta hanyoyi da dama: hanyoyi da aka sanya, tarko, harbi, dss. Bayan an lalata dabbobi gaba ɗaya, a cikin 1937 mutane sun fara taurin kai suna lalata duk abin da ya tunatar da wanzuwar dabbar: baje kolin kayan tarihin, tarihin tarihin, fatun dabbobi da ragowar ƙashinsa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu mafarauta sun lura cewa sun sami nasarar kashe dabbobin 10-13 tsawon yanayi ɗaya ko biyu.
Zuwa yau, duk abin da ya rage na kyakkyawa, mai farauta shi ne hoto ɗaya, inda aka kama dabbar da ta mutu kuma aka dakatar da ita daga ƙafafuwanta daga sandunan itace, da kuma fata biyu da kokon kai uku a Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya. Baya ga mutane, mai farautar ba shi da wasu abokan gaba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Bali Tiger
A yau, damisa ta Balinese mai farauta ce wacce mutane suka gama hallaka ta. Masana ilmin namun daji suna da'awar cewa an kashe damisa ta farko a shekara ta 1911, ta ƙarshe kuma a shekarar 1937. An san cewa wanda aka kashe na ƙarshe mace ce. Daga wannan lokacin zuwa gaba, ana ɗaukar nau'ikan halakar da hukuma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu masana kimiyya suna da'awar cewa a cikin dazuzzuka, gandun daji da ba za a iya hana shi ba, mutane da yawa za su iya rayuwa har zuwa tsakiyar 50s. Ana zargin wannan da shaidar shaidar mazauna tsibirin. Koyaya, bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II, ba wanda ya sami damar haɗuwa da damisar Balinese a ko'ina.
Babban dalilan bacewar jinsin sune halakar da muhallinsu na asali, da kuma dabbanci, mugunta da lalatawa ta hanyar mafarauta. Babban dalilin farauta da wargazawa shine ƙimar da tsadar gashin gashin dabbar dabba. Hukumomin Indonesiya sun hana farautar farauta latti - a cikin 1970 kawai. An jera damisa a cikin Dokar Kariyar Dabbobi, wanda aka sanya hannu a cikin 1972.
Mazauna yankin suna da alaƙa ta musamman da tashar harbin Balinese. Ya kasance gwarzo na tatsuniyoyi da almara, abubuwan tunawa, kayan abinci, da sauran sana'o'in hannu na mazauna yankin an yi su da hotonsa. Koyaya, akwai kuma masu adawa da maido da yawan jama'a, waɗanda ya bambanta da halin ƙiyayya. Tare da shigar da irin wadannan mutane ne aka lalata dukkan alamu da nassoshi ga mai farautar.
Damisa Bali ya kasance ma'anar alheri, kyakkyawa da ƙarfi. Ya kasance ƙwararren mafarauci kuma mai sassauƙan ra'ayi, wakilin roba na duniyar dabbobi. Abin takaici, kuskuren mutum ba zai sake ba ka damar gan shi da rai ba.
Ranar bugawa: 28.03.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.09.2019 a 9:03
